逐步解說：大綱

發行項
05/16/2015

您可以實作語言為基礎的功能，例如大綱藉由定義您想要展開或摺疊的文字區域的類型。您可以定義的區域語言服務層，您可以定義您自己的檔案名稱副檔名和內容類型，並將區域定義套用到該類型，或是您可以將區域定義套用到現有的內容類型 (例如，"text")。這個逐步解說會示範如何定義和顯示大綱區域。

必要條件

若要完成這個逐步解說中，您必須安裝Visual Studio 2010 SDK。

注意事項
如需有關 Visual Studio 的 SDK 的詳細資訊，請參閱擴充 Visual Studio 的概觀。若要了解如何下載 Visual Studio 的 SDK，請參閱Visual Studio 擴充性開發人員中心 MSDN 網站上。

建立受管理的擴充性架構 (MEF) 專案

若要建立 MEF 專案

建立編輯器類別器的專案。為方案命名 OutlineRegionTest。
VSIX 資訊清單編輯器中開啟 source.extension.vsixmanifest 檔案。
請確定Content名包含 MEF 元件的內容類型，並Path設定為 OutlineRegionTest.dll。
儲存並關閉 source.extension.vsixmanifest。
刪除現有的類別檔案。

實作大綱的 Tagger

由一種標記所標記的大綱區域 (OutliningRegionTag)。此標記提供標準的分層顯示行為。可展開或摺疊的大綱的區域。如果已摺疊的加號或減號標記外框的區域，如果已展開，並展開的區域以垂直線 demarcated。

下列步驟將示範如何定義建立大綱區域，以分隔的所有地區 tagger"["和"]"。

若要實作大綱的 tagger

將類別檔案，並命名為 OutliningTagger。

匯入下列命名空間。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Text
Imports System.ComponentModel.Composition
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Outlining
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Utilities
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Outlining;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Utilities;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text;

建立一個名為OutliningTagger，並讓該實作ITagger：

Friend NotInheritable Class OutliningTagger
    Implements ITagger(Of IOutliningRegionTag)

internal sealed class OutliningTagger : ITagger<IOutliningRegionTag>

新增一些欄位，追蹤文字緩衝區和快照集，並會累積一系列應該標記為大綱區域的線條。這段程式碼會包含代表大綱區域的區域物件 (若要稍後定義) 的清單。

'the characters that start the outlining region 
Private startHide As String = "[" 
'the characters that end the outlining region 
Private endHide As String = "]" 
'the characters that are displayed when the region is collapsed 
Private ellipsis As String = "..." 
'the contents of the tooltip for the collapsed span 
Private hoverText As String = "hover text" 
Private buffer As ITextBuffer
Private snapshot As ITextSnapshot
Private regions As List(Of Region)

string startHide = "[";     //the characters that start the outlining region 
string endHide = "]";       //the characters that end the outlining region 
string ellipsis = "...";    //the characters that are displayed when the region is collapsed 
string hoverText = "hover text"; //the contents of the tooltip for the collapsed span
ITextBuffer buffer;
ITextSnapshot snapshot;
List<Region> regions;

加入 tagger 建構函式初始化欄位，會剖析緩衝區，並加入事件處理常式來Changed事件。

Public Sub New(ByVal buffer As ITextBuffer)
    Me.buffer = buffer
    Me.snapshot = buffer.CurrentSnapshot
    Me.regions = New List(Of Region)()
    Me.ReParse()
    AddHandler Me.buffer.Changed, AddressOf BufferChanged
End Sub

public OutliningTagger(ITextBuffer buffer)
{
    this.buffer = buffer;
    this.snapshot = buffer.CurrentSnapshot;
    this.regions = new List<Region>();
    this.ReParse();
    this.buffer.Changed += BufferChanged;
}

實作GetTags方法，這麼做會具現化該標記延伸。本範例假設在 span NormalizedSpanCollection方法中傳入是連續的，雖然這不一定大小寫。這個方法會產生新的標記範圍每個大綱區域。

Public Function GetTags(ByVal spans As NormalizedSnapshotSpanCollection) As IEnumerable(Of ITagSpan(Of IOutliningRegionTag)) Implements ITagger(Of Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.IOutliningRegionTag).GetTags
    If spans.Count = 0 Then 
        Return Nothing 
        Exit Function 
    End If 
    Dim currentRegions As List(Of Region) = Me.regions
    Dim currentSnapshot As ITextSnapshot = Me.snapshot
    Dim entire As SnapshotSpan = New SnapshotSpan(spans(0).Start, spans(spans.Count - 1).[End]).TranslateTo(currentSnapshot, SpanTrackingMode.EdgeExclusive)
    Dim startLineNumber As Integer = entire.Start.GetContainingLine().LineNumber
    Dim endLineNumber As Integer = entire.[End].GetContainingLine().LineNumber

    Dim list As List(Of ITagSpan(Of IOutliningRegionTag))
    list = New List(Of ITagSpan(Of IOutliningRegionTag))()

    For Each region In currentRegions
        If region.StartLine <= endLineNumber AndAlso region.EndLine >= startLineNumber Then 
            Dim startLine = currentSnapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.StartLine)
            Dim endLine = currentSnapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.EndLine)

            'the region starts at the beginning of the "[", and goes until the *end* of the line that contains the "]".
            list.Add(New TagSpan(Of IOutliningRegionTag)(New SnapshotSpan(startLine.Start + region.StartOffset, endLine.End),
            New OutliningRegionTag(False, False, ellipsis, hoverText)))
        End If 
    Next 
    Return list
End Function

public IEnumerable<ITagSpan<IOutliningRegionTag>> GetTags(NormalizedSnapshotSpanCollection spans)
{
    if (spans.Count == 0)
        yield break;
    List<Region> currentRegions = this.regions;
    ITextSnapshot currentSnapshot = this.snapshot;
    SnapshotSpan entire = new SnapshotSpan(spans[0].Start, spans[spans.Count - 1].End).TranslateTo(currentSnapshot, SpanTrackingMode.EdgeExclusive);
    int startLineNumber = entire.Start.GetContainingLine().LineNumber;
    int endLineNumber = entire.End.GetContainingLine().LineNumber;
    foreach (var region in currentRegions)
    {
        if (region.StartLine <= endLineNumber &&
            region.EndLine >= startLineNumber)
        {
            var startLine = currentSnapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.StartLine);
            var endLine = currentSnapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.EndLine);

            //the region starts at the beginning of the "[", and goes until the *end* of the line that contains the "]".
            yield return new TagSpan<IOutliningRegionTag>(
                new SnapshotSpan(startLine.Start + region.StartOffset,
                endLine.End),
                new OutliningRegionTag(false, false, ellipsis, hoverText));
        }
    }
}

宣告TagsChanged事件處理常式。

Public Event TagsChanged As EventHandler(Of SnapshotSpanEventArgs) Implements ITagger(Of IOutliningRegionTag).TagsChanged

public event EventHandler<SnapshotSpanEventArgs> TagsChanged;

新增BufferChanged回應的事件處理常式Changed剖析文字緩衝區的事件。

Private Sub BufferChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As TextContentChangedEventArgs)
    ' If this isn't the most up-to-date version of the buffer, then ignore it for now (we'll eventually get another change event). 
    If e.After IsNot buffer.CurrentSnapshot Then 
        Exit Sub 
    End If 
    Me.ReParse()
End Sub

void BufferChanged(object sender, TextContentChangedEventArgs e)
{
    // If this isn't the most up-to-date version of the buffer, then ignore it for now (we'll eventually get another change event). 
    if (e.After != buffer.CurrentSnapshot)
        return;
    this.ReParse();
}

將會剖析緩衝區的方法。此處提供的範例是僅供說明。它會以同步方式會緩衝區剖析成巢狀的大綱區域。

Private Sub ReParse()
    Dim newSnapshot As ITextSnapshot = buffer.CurrentSnapshot
    Dim newRegions As New List(Of Region)()

    'keep the current (deepest) partial region, which will have 
    ' references to any parent partial regions. 
    Dim currentRegion As PartialRegion = Nothing 

    For Each line In newSnapshot.Lines
        Dim regionStart As Integer = -1
        Dim text As String = line.GetText()

        'lines that contain a "[" denote the start of a new region. 
        If text.IndexOf(startHide, StringComparison.Ordinal) <> -1 Then
            regionStart = text.IndexOf(startHide, StringComparison.Ordinal)
            Dim currentLevel As Integer = If((currentRegion IsNot Nothing), currentRegion.Level, 1)
            Dim newLevel As Integer 
            If Not TryGetLevel(text, regionStart, newLevel) Then
                newLevel = currentLevel + 1
            End If 

            'levels are the same and we have an existing region; 
            'end the current region and start the next 
            If currentLevel = newLevel AndAlso currentRegion IsNot Nothing Then 
                Dim newRegion = New Region()
                newRegion.Level = currentRegion.Level
                newRegion.StartLine = currentRegion.StartLine
                newRegion.StartOffset = currentRegion.StartOffset
                newRegion.EndLine = line.LineNumber
                newRegions.Add(newRegion)

                currentRegion = New PartialRegion()
                currentRegion.Level = newLevel
                currentRegion.StartLine = line.LineNumber
                currentRegion.StartOffset = regionStart
                currentRegion.PartialParent = currentRegion.PartialParent

            Else 
                'this is a new (sub)region
                currentRegion = New PartialRegion()
                currentRegion.Level = newLevel
                currentRegion.StartLine = line.LineNumber
                currentRegion.StartOffset = regionStart
                currentRegion.PartialParent = currentRegion
            End If 
            'lines that contain "]" denote the end of a region 
        ElseIf (text.IndexOf(endHide, StringComparison.Ordinal)) <> -1 Then
            regionStart = text.IndexOf(endHide, StringComparison.Ordinal)
            Dim currentLevel As Integer = If((currentRegion IsNot Nothing), currentRegion.Level, 1)
            Dim closingLevel As Integer 
            If Not TryGetLevel(text, regionStart, closingLevel) Then
                closingLevel = currentLevel
            End If 

            'the regions match 
            If currentRegion IsNot Nothing AndAlso currentLevel = closingLevel Then 
                Dim newRegion As Region
                newRegion = New Region()
                newRegion.Level = currentLevel
                newRegion.StartLine = currentRegion.StartLine
                newRegion.StartOffset = currentRegion.StartOffset
                newRegion.EndLine = line.LineNumber
                newRegions.Add(newRegion)

                currentRegion = currentRegion.PartialParent
            End If 
        End If 
    Next 
    'determine the changed span, and send a changed event with the new spans 
    Dim oldSpans As New List(Of Span)(Me.regions.[Select](Function(r) AsSnapshotSpan(r, Me.snapshot).TranslateTo(newSnapshot, SpanTrackingMode.EdgeExclusive).Span))
    Dim newSpans As New List(Of Span)(newRegions.[Select](Function(r) AsSnapshotSpan(r, newSnapshot).Span))

    Dim oldSpanCollection As New NormalizedSpanCollection(oldSpans)
    Dim newSpanCollection As New NormalizedSpanCollection(newSpans)

    'the changed regions are regions that appear in one set or the other, but not both. 
    Dim removed As NormalizedSpanCollection = NormalizedSpanCollection.Difference(oldSpanCollection, newSpanCollection)

    Dim changeStart As Integer = Integer.MaxValue
    Dim changeEnd As Integer = -1

    If removed.Count > 0 Then
        changeStart = removed(0).Start
        changeEnd = removed(removed.Count - 1).[End]
    End If 

    If newSpans.Count > 0 Then
        changeStart = Math.Min(changeStart, newSpans(0).Start)
        changeEnd = Math.Max(changeEnd, newSpans(newSpans.Count - 1).[End])
    End If 

    Me.snapshot = newSnapshot
    Me.regions = newRegions

    If changeStart <= changeEnd Then 
        Dim snap As ITextSnapshot = Me.snapshot
        RaiseEvent TagsChanged(Me, New SnapshotSpanEventArgs(New SnapshotSpan(Me.snapshot, Span.FromBounds(changeStart, changeEnd))))
    End If 
End Sub

void ReParse()
{
    ITextSnapshot newSnapshot = buffer.CurrentSnapshot;
    List<Region> newRegions = new List<Region>();

    //keep the current (deepest) partial region, which will have 
    // references to any parent partial regions.
    PartialRegion currentRegion = null;

    foreach (var line in newSnapshot.Lines)
    {
        int regionStart = -1;
        string text = line.GetText();

        //lines that contain a "[" denote the start of a new region.
        if ((regionStart = text.IndexOf(startHide, StringComparison.Ordinal)) != -1)
        {
            int currentLevel = (currentRegion != null) ? currentRegion.Level : 1;
            int newLevel;
            if (!TryGetLevel(text, regionStart, out newLevel))
                newLevel = currentLevel + 1;

            //levels are the same and we have an existing region; 
            //end the current region and start the next 
            if (currentLevel == newLevel && currentRegion != null)
            {
                newRegions.Add(new Region()
                {
                    Level = currentRegion.Level,
                    StartLine = currentRegion.StartLine,
                    StartOffset = currentRegion.StartOffset,
                    EndLine = line.LineNumber
                });

                currentRegion = new PartialRegion()
                {
                    Level = newLevel,
                    StartLine = line.LineNumber,
                    StartOffset = regionStart,
                    PartialParent = currentRegion.PartialParent
                };
            }
            //this is a new (sub)region 
            else
            {
                currentRegion = new PartialRegion()
                {
                    Level = newLevel,
                    StartLine = line.LineNumber,
                    StartOffset = regionStart,
                    PartialParent = currentRegion
                };
            }
        }
        //lines that contain "]" denote the end of a region
        else if ((regionStart = text.IndexOf(endHide, StringComparison.Ordinal)) != -1)
        {
            int currentLevel = (currentRegion != null) ? currentRegion.Level : 1;
            int closingLevel;
            if (!TryGetLevel(text, regionStart, out closingLevel))
                closingLevel = currentLevel;

            //the regions match 
            if (currentRegion != null &&
                currentLevel == closingLevel)
            {
                newRegions.Add(new Region()
                {
                    Level = currentLevel,
                    StartLine = currentRegion.StartLine,
                    StartOffset = currentRegion.StartOffset,
                    EndLine = line.LineNumber
                });

                currentRegion = currentRegion.PartialParent;
            }
        }
    }

    //determine the changed span, and send a changed event with the new spans
    List<Span> oldSpans =
        new List<Span>(this.regions.Select(r => AsSnapshotSpan(r, this.snapshot)
            .TranslateTo(newSnapshot, SpanTrackingMode.EdgeExclusive)
            .Span));
    List<Span> newSpans =
            new List<Span>(newRegions.Select(r => AsSnapshotSpan(r, newSnapshot).Span));

    NormalizedSpanCollection oldSpanCollection = new NormalizedSpanCollection(oldSpans);
    NormalizedSpanCollection newSpanCollection = new NormalizedSpanCollection(newSpans);

    //the changed regions are regions that appear in one set or the other, but not both.
    NormalizedSpanCollection removed =
    NormalizedSpanCollection.Difference(oldSpanCollection, newSpanCollection);

    int changeStart = int.MaxValue;
    int changeEnd = -1;

    if (removed.Count > 0)
    {
        changeStart = removed[0].Start;
        changeEnd = removed[removed.Count - 1].End;
    }

    if (newSpans.Count > 0)
    {
        changeStart = Math.Min(changeStart, newSpans[0].Start);
        changeEnd = Math.Max(changeEnd, newSpans[newSpans.Count - 1].End);
    }

    this.snapshot = newSnapshot;
    this.regions = newRegions;

    if (changeStart <= changeEnd)
    {
        ITextSnapshot snap = this.snapshot;
        if (this.TagsChanged != null)
            this.TagsChanged(this, new SnapshotSpanEventArgs(
                new SnapshotSpan(this.snapshot, Span.FromBounds(changeStart, changeEnd))));
    }
}

下列的 helper 方法會取得整數，表示的大綱層級 1 是最左邊的大括號組。

Private Shared Function TryGetLevel(ByVal text As String, ByVal startIndex As Integer, ByRef level As Integer) As Boolean
    level = -1
    If text.Length > startIndex + 3 Then 
        If Integer.TryParse(text.Substring(startIndex + 1), level) Then 
            Return True 
        End If 
    End If 

    Return False 
End Function

static bool TryGetLevel(string text, int startIndex, out int level)
{
    level = -1;
    if (text.Length > startIndex + 3)
    {
        if (int.TryParse(text.Substring(startIndex + 1), out level))
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

下列的 helper 方法會將一個 (稍後在本主題中所定義) 的區域轉譯為 SnapshotSpan。

Private Shared Function AsSnapshotSpan(ByVal region As Region, ByVal snapshot As ITextSnapshot) As SnapshotSpan
    Dim startLine = snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.StartLine)
    Dim endLine = If((region.StartLine = region.EndLine), startLine, snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.EndLine))
    Return New SnapshotSpan(startLine.Start + region.StartOffset, endLine.[End])
End Function

static SnapshotSpan AsSnapshotSpan(Region region, ITextSnapshot snapshot)
{
    var startLine = snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.StartLine);
    var endLine = (region.StartLine == region.EndLine) ? startLine
         : snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(region.EndLine);
    return new SnapshotSpan(startLine.Start + region.StartOffset, endLine.End);
}

下列程式碼是僅供說明。它定義的 PartialRegion 類別所在的行號和大綱的地區，以及參考至父區域 (如果有的話) 的開頭的位移。這可讓剖析器設定巢狀大綱區域。在衍生的區域類別包含的大綱區域結尾的行號的參考。

Private Class PartialRegion
    Private _StartLine As Integer 
    Public Property StartLine() As Integer 
        Get 
            Return _StartLine
        End Get 
        Set(ByVal value As Integer)
            _StartLine = value
        End Set 
    End Property 
    Private _StartOffset As Integer 
    Public Property StartOffset() As Integer 
        Get 
            Return _StartOffset
        End Get 
        Set(ByVal value As Integer)
            _StartOffset = value
        End Set 
    End Property 
    Private _Level As Integer 
    Public Property Level() As Integer 
        Get 
            Return _Level
        End Get 
        Set(ByVal value As Integer)
            _Level = value
        End Set 
    End Property 
    Private _PartialParent As PartialRegion
    Public Property PartialParent() As PartialRegion
        Get 
            Return _PartialParent
        End Get 
        Set(ByVal value As PartialRegion)
            _PartialParent = value
        End Set 
    End Property 
End Class 

Private Class Region
    Inherits PartialRegion
    Private _EndLine As Integer 
    Public Property EndLine() As Integer 
        Get 
            Return _EndLine
        End Get 
        Set(ByVal value As Integer)
            _EndLine = value
        End Set 
    End Property 
End Class

class PartialRegion
{
    public int StartLine { get; set; }
    public int StartOffset { get; set; }
    public int Level { get; set; }
    public PartialRegion PartialParent { get; set; }
}

class Region : PartialRegion
{
    public int EndLine { get; set; }
}

實作 Tagger 提供者

您必須匯出 tagger 提供者為您的 tagger。 Tagger 提供者會建立OutliningTagger的「文字」的內容類型或其他的傳回緩衝區的OutliningTagger如果緩衝區已有此項。

若要實作 tagger 提供者

建立一個名為OutliningTaggerProvider實作ITaggerProvider，並將其匯出不含 ContentType 和 TagType 屬性。

<Export(GetType(ITaggerProvider))> _
<TagType(GetType(IOutliningRegionTag))> _
<ContentType("text")> _
Friend NotInheritable Class OutliningTaggerProvider
    Implements ITaggerProvider

[Export(typeof(ITaggerProvider))]
[TagType(typeof(IOutliningRegionTag))]
[ContentType("text")]
internal sealed class OutliningTaggerProvider : ITaggerProvider

實作CreateTagger``1方法，藉由新增OutliningTagger的緩衝區內容。

Public Function CreateTagger(Of T As ITag)(ByVal buffer As ITextBuffer) As ITagger(Of T) Implements ITaggerProvider.CreateTagger
    'create a single tagger for each buffer. 
    Dim sc As Func(Of ITagger(Of T)) = Function() TryCast(New OutliningTagger(buffer), ITagger(Of T))
    Return buffer.Properties.GetOrCreateSingletonProperty(Of ITagger(Of T))(sc)
End Function

public ITagger<T> CreateTagger<T>(ITextBuffer buffer) where T : ITag
{
    //create a single tagger for each buffer.
    Func<ITagger<T>> sc = delegate() { return new OutliningTagger(buffer) as ITagger<T>; };
    return buffer.Properties.GetOrCreateSingletonProperty<ITagger<T>>(sc);
}

建置和測試程式碼

若要測試這段程式碼，建置 OutlineRegionTest 方案並執行它實驗性的執行個體中。

若要建置和測試 OutlineRegionTest 的解決方案

建置方案。
當您執行此專案在偵錯工具時，會執行個體化 Visual Studio 的第二個執行個體。
建立文字檔輸入一些文字，其中包含左括號和右括號。
```
[
   Hello
]
```
應該包含這兩個括號的大綱區域。您應該能夠按一下減號左邊的大括號來摺疊大綱區域。當區域摺疊，省略符號 (...) 摺疊的區域，以及包含文字的快顯畫面的左側應該會出現暫留文字應該會出現，當您將指標移入省略符號。

請參閱

工作

逐步解說：連結至檔案的副檔名的內容類型

共用方式為

逐步解說：大綱

必要條件

建立受管理的擴充性架構 (MEF) 專案

若要建立 MEF 專案

實作大綱的 Tagger

若要實作大綱的 tagger

實作 Tagger 提供者

若要實作 tagger 提供者

建置和測試程式碼

若要建置和測試 OutlineRegionTest 的解決方案

請參閱

工作

其他資源

共用方式為

逐步解說： 大綱

必要條件

建立受管理的擴充性架構 (MEF) 專案

若要建立 MEF 專案

實作大綱的 Tagger

若要實作大綱的 tagger

實作 Tagger 提供者

若要實作 tagger 提供者

建置和測試程式碼

若要建置和測試 OutlineRegionTest 的解決方案

請參閱

工作

其他資源

逐步解說：大綱