ArrayList.BinarySearch 方法

定义

使用二进制搜索算法在排序 ArrayList 或其一部分中找到特定元素。

重载

BinarySearch(Object)

使用默认比较器搜索整个排序 ArrayList 元素,并返回元素的从零开始的索引。

BinarySearch(Object, IComparer)

使用指定的比较器搜索整个排序 ArrayList 元素,并返回该元素的从零开始的索引。

BinarySearch(Int32, Int32, Object, IComparer)

使用指定的比较器在排序 ArrayList 中搜索元素的范围,并返回元素的从零开始的索引。

BinarySearch(Object)

Source:
ArrayList.cs
Source:
ArrayList.cs
Source:
ArrayList.cs

使用默认比较器搜索整个排序 ArrayList 元素,并返回元素的从零开始的索引。

public:
 virtual int BinarySearch(System::Object ^ value);
public virtual int BinarySearch (object value);
public virtual int BinarySearch (object? value);
abstract member BinarySearch : obj -> int
override this.BinarySearch : obj -> int
Public Overridable Function BinarySearch (value As Object) As Integer

参数

value
Object

要查找的 Object。 该值可以 null

返回

如果找到 value,则排序 ArrayListvalue 的从零开始的索引;否则为负数,即下一个大于 value 的元素的索引的按位补数;如果没有较大的元素,则为 Count的按位补数。

例外

valueArrayList 的元素都不实现 IComparable 接口。

value 的类型与 ArrayList的元素不同。

示例

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 BinarySearchArrayList中查找特定对象。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;
void FindMyObject( ArrayList^ myList, Object^ myObject );
void PrintValues( IEnumerable^ myList );
int main()
{
   
   // Creates and initializes a new ArrayList. BinarySearch requires
   // a sorted ArrayList.
   ArrayList^ myAL = gcnew ArrayList;
   for ( int i = 0; i <= 4; i++ )
      myAL->Add( i * 2 );
   
   // Displays the ArrayList.
   Console::WriteLine( "The Int32 ArrayList contains the following:" );
   PrintValues( myAL );
   
   // Locates a specific object that does not exist in the ArrayList.
   Object^ myObjectOdd = 3;
   FindMyObject( myAL, myObjectOdd );
   
   // Locates an object that exists in the ArrayList.
   Object^ myObjectEven = 6;
   FindMyObject( myAL, myObjectEven );
}

void FindMyObject( ArrayList^ myList, Object^ myObject )
{
   int myIndex = myList->BinarySearch( myObject );
   if ( myIndex < 0 )
      Console::WriteLine( "The object to search for ({0}) is not found. The next larger object is at index {1}.", myObject,  ~myIndex );
   else
      Console::WriteLine( "The object to search for ({0}) is at index {1}.", myObject, myIndex );
}

void PrintValues( IEnumerable^ myList )
{
   IEnumerator^ myEnum = myList->GetEnumerator();
   while ( myEnum->MoveNext() )
   {
      Object^ obj = safe_cast<Object^>(myEnum->Current);
      Console::Write( "   {0}", obj );
   }

   Console::WriteLine();
}

/* 
 This code produces the following output.
 
 The Int32 ArrayList contains the following:
    0   2   4   6   8
 The object to search for (3) is not found. The next larger object is at index 2.
 The object to search for (6) is at index 3.
 */
using System;
using System.Collections;
public class SamplesArrayList  {

   public static void Main()  {

      // Creates and initializes a new ArrayList. BinarySearch requires
      // a sorted ArrayList.
      ArrayList myAL = new ArrayList();
      for ( int i = 0; i <= 4; i++ )
         myAL.Add( i*2 );

      // Displays the ArrayList.
      Console.WriteLine( "The int ArrayList contains the following:" );
      PrintValues( myAL );

      // Locates a specific object that does not exist in the ArrayList.
      Object myObjectOdd = 3;
      FindMyObject( myAL, myObjectOdd );

      // Locates an object that exists in the ArrayList.
      Object myObjectEven = 6;
      FindMyObject( myAL, myObjectEven );
   }

   public static void FindMyObject( ArrayList myList, Object myObject )  {
      int myIndex=myList.BinarySearch( myObject );
      if ( myIndex < 0 )
         Console.WriteLine( "The object to search for ({0}) is not found. The next larger object is at index {1}.", myObject, ~myIndex );
      else
         Console.WriteLine( "The object to search for ({0}) is at index {1}.", myObject, myIndex );
   }

   public static void PrintValues( IEnumerable myList )  {
      foreach ( Object obj in myList )
         Console.Write( "   {0}", obj );
      Console.WriteLine();
   }
}
/*
This code produces the following output.

The int ArrayList contains the following:
   0   2   4   6   8
The object to search for (3) is not found. The next larger object is at index 2.
The object to search for (6) is at index 3.
*/
Imports System.Collections

Public Class SamplesArrayList    
    
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        
        ' Creates and initializes a new ArrayList. BinarySearch requires
        ' a sorted ArrayList.
        Dim myAL As New ArrayList()
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To 4
            myAL.Add(i * 2)
        Next i 

        ' Displays the ArrayList.
        Console.WriteLine("The Int32 ArrayList contains the following:")
        PrintValues(myAL)
        
        ' Locates a specific object that does not exist in the ArrayList.
        Dim myObjectOdd As Object = 3
        FindMyObject(myAL, myObjectOdd)
        
        ' Locates an object that exists in the ArrayList.
        Dim myObjectEven As Object = 6
        FindMyObject(myAL, myObjectEven)
    End Sub    
    
    Public Shared Sub FindMyObject(myList As ArrayList, myObject As Object)
        Dim myIndex As Integer = myList.BinarySearch(myObject)
        If myIndex < 0 Then
            Console.WriteLine("The object to search for ({0}) is not found. " _
               + "The next larger object is at index {1}.", myObject, _
               Not myIndex)
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("The object to search for ({0}) is at index " _
               + "{1}.", myObject, myIndex)
        End If
    End Sub
     
    Public Shared Sub PrintValues(myList As IEnumerable)
        Dim obj As [Object]
        For Each obj In  myList
            Console.Write("   {0}", obj)
        Next obj
        Console.WriteLine()
    End Sub
    
End Class

' This code produces the following output.
' 
' The Int32 ArrayList contains the following:
'     0    2    4    6    8
' The object to search for (3) is not found. The next larger object is at index 2.
' The object to search for (6) is at index 3.

注解

value 参数和 ArrayList 的每个元素都必须实现用于比较的 IComparable 接口。 ArrayList 的元素必须已根据 IComparable 实现定义的排序顺序按递增值进行排序;否则,结果可能不正确。

null 与任何类型进行比较,在使用 IComparable时不会生成异常。 排序时,null 被视为小于任何其他对象。

如果 ArrayList 包含多个具有相同值的元素,该方法只返回其中一个匹配项,并且可能会返回任何一个匹配项,不一定返回第一个。

如果 ArrayList 不包含指定值,该方法将返回负整数。 可以将按位补运算 (~) 应用于此负整数,以获取大于搜索值的第一个元素的索引。 将值插入 ArrayList时,此索引应用作插入点来维护排序顺序。

此方法是 O(log n) 操作,其中 nCount

另请参阅

  • 在集合 中执行 Culture-Insensitive 字符串操作

适用于

BinarySearch(Object, IComparer)

Source:
ArrayList.cs
Source:
ArrayList.cs
Source:
ArrayList.cs

使用指定的比较器搜索整个排序 ArrayList 元素,并返回该元素的从零开始的索引。

public:
 virtual int BinarySearch(System::Object ^ value, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer);
public virtual int BinarySearch (object value, System.Collections.IComparer comparer);
public virtual int BinarySearch (object? value, System.Collections.IComparer? comparer);
abstract member BinarySearch : obj * System.Collections.IComparer -> int
override this.BinarySearch : obj * System.Collections.IComparer -> int
Public Overridable Function BinarySearch (value As Object, comparer As IComparer) As Integer

参数

value
Object

要查找的 Object。 该值可以 null

comparer
IComparer

比较元素时要使用的 IComparer 实现。

-或-

null 使用默认比较器,即每个元素的 IComparable 实现。

返回

如果找到 value,则排序 ArrayListvalue 的从零开始的索引;否则为负数,即下一个大于 value 的元素的索引的按位补数;如果没有较大的元素,则为 Count的按位补数。

例外

comparernull 的,valueArrayList 的元素都不实现 IComparable 接口。

comparernull 的,value 的类型与 ArrayList的元素不同。

示例

以下示例创建彩色动物 ArrayList。 提供的 IComparer 执行二进制搜索的字符串比较。 将显示迭代搜索和二进制搜索的结果。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections;

public ref class SimpleStringComparer : public IComparer
{
    virtual int Compare(Object^ x, Object^ y) sealed = IComparer::Compare
    {
        String^ cmpstr = (String^)x;
        return cmpstr->CompareTo((String^)y);
    }
};

public ref class MyArrayList : public ArrayList
{
public:
    static void Main()
    {
        // Creates and initializes a new ArrayList.
        MyArrayList^ coloredAnimals = gcnew MyArrayList();

        coloredAnimals->Add("White Tiger");
        coloredAnimals->Add("Pink Bunny");
        coloredAnimals->Add("Red Dragon");
        coloredAnimals->Add("Green Frog");
        coloredAnimals->Add("Blue Whale");
        coloredAnimals->Add("Black Cat");
        coloredAnimals->Add("Yellow Lion");

        // BinarySearch requires a sorted ArrayList.
        coloredAnimals->Sort();

        // Compare results of an iterative search with a binary search
        int index = coloredAnimals->IterativeSearch("White Tiger");
        Console::WriteLine("Iterative search, item found at index: {0}", index);

        index = coloredAnimals->BinarySearch("White Tiger", gcnew SimpleStringComparer());
        Console::WriteLine("Binary search, item found at index:    {0}", index);
    }

    int IterativeSearch(Object^ finditem)
    {
        int index = -1;

        for (int i = 0; i < this->Count; i++)
        {
            if (finditem->Equals(this[i]))
            {
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }
};

int main()
{
    MyArrayList::Main();
}
//
// This code produces the following output.
//
// Iterative search, item found at index: 5
// Binary search, item found at index:    5
//
using System;
using System.Collections;

public class SimpleStringComparer : IComparer
{
    int IComparer.Compare(object x, object y)
    {
        string cmpstr = (string)x;
        return cmpstr.CompareTo((string)y);
    }
}

public class MyArrayList : ArrayList
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Creates and initializes a new ArrayList.
        MyArrayList coloredAnimals = new MyArrayList();

        coloredAnimals.Add("White Tiger");
        coloredAnimals.Add("Pink Bunny");
        coloredAnimals.Add("Red Dragon");
        coloredAnimals.Add("Green Frog");
        coloredAnimals.Add("Blue Whale");
        coloredAnimals.Add("Black Cat");
        coloredAnimals.Add("Yellow Lion");

        // BinarySearch requires a sorted ArrayList.
        coloredAnimals.Sort();

        // Compare results of an iterative search with a binary search
        int index = coloredAnimals.IterativeSearch("White Tiger");
        Console.WriteLine("Iterative search, item found at index: {0}", index);

        index = coloredAnimals.BinarySearch("White Tiger", new SimpleStringComparer());
        Console.WriteLine("Binary search, item found at index:    {0}", index);
    }

    public int IterativeSearch(object finditem)
    {
        int index = -1;

        for (int i = 0; i < this.Count; i++)
        {
            if (finditem.Equals(this[i]))
            {
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        return index;
    }
}
//
// This code produces the following output.
//
// Iterative search, item found at index: 5
// Binary search, item found at index:    5
//
Imports System.Collections

Public Class SimpleStringComparer
    Implements IComparer

    Function Compare(x As Object, y As Object) As Integer Implements IComparer.Compare
          Dim cmpstr As String = CType(x, String)
          Return cmpstr.CompareTo(CType(y, String))
    End Function
End Class

Public Class MyArrayList
    Inherits ArrayList

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Creates and initializes a new ArrayList.
        Dim coloredAnimals As New MyArrayList()

        coloredAnimals.Add("White Tiger")
        coloredAnimals.Add("Pink Bunny")
        coloredAnimals.Add("Red Dragon")
        coloredAnimals.Add("Green Frog")
        coloredAnimals.Add("Blue Whale")
        coloredAnimals.Add("Black Cat")
        coloredAnimals.Add("Yellow Lion")

        ' BinarySearch requires a sorted ArrayList.
        coloredAnimals.Sort()

        ' Compare results of an iterative search with a binary search
        Dim index As Integer = coloredAnimals.IterativeSearch("White Tiger")
        Console.WriteLine("Iterative search, item found at index: {0}", index)

        index = coloredAnimals.BinarySearch("White Tiger", New SimpleStringComparer())
        Console.WriteLine("Binary search, item found at index:    {0}", index)
    End Sub

    Public Function IterativeSearch(finditem As Object) As Integer
        Dim index As Integer = -1

        For i As Integer = 0 To MyClass.Count - 1
            If finditem.Equals(MyClass.Item(i))
                index = i
                Exit For
            End If
        Next i
        Return index
    End Function
End Class
'
' This code produces the following output.
'
' Iterative search, item found at index: 5
' Binary search, item found at index:    5
'

注解

比较器自定义元素的比较方式。 例如,可以使用 CaseInsensitiveComparer 实例作为比较器来执行不区分大小写的字符串搜索。

如果提供了 comparer,则使用指定的 IComparer 实现将 ArrayList 的元素与指定值进行比较。 ArrayList 的元素必须已根据 comparer定义的排序顺序按递增值进行排序;否则,结果可能不正确。

如果 comparernull,则使用元素本身或指定值提供的 IComparable 实现完成比较。 ArrayList 的元素必须已根据 IComparable 实现定义的排序顺序按递增值进行排序;否则,结果可能不正确。

null 与任何类型进行比较,在使用 IComparable时不会生成异常。 排序时,null 被视为小于任何其他对象。

如果 ArrayList 包含多个具有相同值的元素,该方法只返回其中一个匹配项,并且可能会返回任何一个匹配项,不一定返回第一个。

如果 ArrayList 不包含指定值,该方法将返回负整数。 可以将按位补运算 (~) 应用于此负整数,以获取大于搜索值的第一个元素的索引。 将值插入 ArrayList时,此索引应用作插入点来维护排序顺序。

此方法是 O(log n) 操作,其中 nCount

另请参阅

  • 在集合 中执行 Culture-Insensitive 字符串操作

适用于

BinarySearch(Int32, Int32, Object, IComparer)

Source:
ArrayList.cs
Source:
ArrayList.cs
Source:
ArrayList.cs

使用指定的比较器在排序 ArrayList 中搜索元素的范围,并返回元素的从零开始的索引。

public:
 virtual int BinarySearch(int index, int count, System::Object ^ value, System::Collections::IComparer ^ comparer);
public virtual int BinarySearch (int index, int count, object value, System.Collections.IComparer comparer);
public virtual int BinarySearch (int index, int count, object? value, System.Collections.IComparer? comparer);
abstract member BinarySearch : int * int * obj * System.Collections.IComparer -> int
override this.BinarySearch : int * int * obj * System.Collections.IComparer -> int
Public Overridable Function BinarySearch (index As Integer, count As Integer, value As Object, comparer As IComparer) As Integer

参数

index
Int32

要搜索的范围从零开始的索引。

count
Int32

要搜索的范围的长度。

value
Object

要查找的 Object。 该值可以 null

comparer
IComparer

比较元素时要使用的 IComparer 实现。

-或-

null 使用默认比较器,即每个元素的 IComparable 实现。

返回

如果找到 value,则排序 ArrayListvalue 的从零开始的索引;否则为负数,即下一个大于 value 的元素的索引的按位补数;如果没有较大的元素,则为 Count的按位补数。

例外

indexcount 不表示 ArrayList中的有效范围。

-或-

comparernull 的,valueArrayList 的元素都不实现 IComparable 接口。

comparernull 的,value 的类型与 ArrayList的元素不同。

index 小于零。

-或-

count 小于零。

注解

比较器自定义元素的比较方式。 例如,可以使用 CaseInsensitiveComparer 实例作为比较器来执行不区分大小写的字符串搜索。

如果提供了 comparer,则使用指定的 IComparer 实现将 ArrayList 的元素与指定值进行比较。 ArrayList 的元素必须已根据 comparer定义的排序顺序按递增值进行排序;否则,结果可能不正确。

如果 comparernull,则使用元素本身或指定值提供的 IComparable 实现完成比较。 ArrayList 的元素必须已根据 IComparable 实现定义的排序顺序按递增值进行排序;否则,结果可能不正确。

null 与任何类型进行比较,在使用 IComparable时不会生成异常。 排序时,null 被视为小于任何其他对象。

如果 ArrayList 包含多个具有相同值的元素,该方法只返回其中一个匹配项,并且可能会返回任何一个匹配项,不一定返回第一个。

如果 ArrayList 不包含指定值,该方法将返回负整数。 可以将按位补运算 (~) 应用于此负整数,以获取大于搜索值的第一个元素的索引。 将值插入 ArrayList时,此索引应用作插入点来维护排序顺序。

此方法是 O(log n) 操作,其中 ncount

另请参阅

适用于