Personalizar clusters do HDInsight usando a Inicialização

Artigo
12/02/2024

Os scripts de Inicialização permitem que você instale e configure componentes no Azure HDInsight programaticamente.

Há três abordagens para definir as configurações do arquivo de configuração à medida que seu cluster HDInsight é criado:

Usar PowerShell do Azure
Usar o SDK do .NET
Usar o modelo do Azure Resource Manager

Por exemplo, usando esses métodos programáticos, você pode configurar as opções nesses arquivos:

clusterIdentity.xml
core-site.xml
gateway.xml
hbase-env.xml
hbase-site.xml
hdfs-site.xml
hive-env.xml
hive-site.xml
mapred-site
oozie-site.xml
oozie-env.xml
tez-site.xml
webhcat-site.xml
yarn-site.xml
server.properties (configuração do kafka broker)

Para obter informações sobre como instalar mais componentes no cluster do HDInsight durante o período de criação, confira Personalizar clusters do HDInsight usando a Ação de Script (Linux).

Pré-requisitos

Se estiver utilizando o PowerShell, você precisará do Módulo AZ.

Usar PowerShell do Azure

O seguinte código do PowerShell personaliza uma configuração de Apache Hive:

Importante

Pode ser necessário usar o parâmetro Spark2Defaults com Add-AzHDInsightConfigValue. Você pode repassar valores vazios para o parâmetro, conforme mostrado no exemplo de código a seguir.

# hive-site.xml configuration
$hiveConfigValues = @{ "hive.metastore.client.socket.timeout"="90s" }

$config = New-AzHDInsightClusterConfig `
         -ClusterType "Spark"  `
    | Set-AzHDInsightDefaultStorage `
        -StorageAccountResourceId "$storageAccountResourceId" `
        -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey `
    | Add-AzHDInsightConfigValue `
        -HiveSite $hiveConfigValues `
        -Spark2Defaults @{}

New-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -ClusterName $hdinsightClusterName `
    -Location $location `
    -ClusterSizeInNodes 2 `
    -Version "4.0" `
    -HttpCredential $httpCredential `
    -SshCredential $sshCredential `
    -Config $config

Um script do PowerShell completo em funcionamento pode ser encontrado no Apêndice.

Para verificar a alteração:

Navegue até https://CLUSTERNAME.azurehdinsight.net/, em que CLUSTERNAME é o nome do cluster.
No menu à esquerda, navegue até Hive>Configurações>Avançado.
Expanda Hive-site avançado.
Localize hive.metastore.client.socket.timeout e confirme se o valor é 90s.

Alguns outros exemplos de personalização de outros arquivos de configuração:

# hdfs-site.xml configuration
$HdfsConfigValues = @{ "dfs.blocksize"="64m" } #default is 128MB in HDI 3.0 and 256MB in HDI 2.1

# core-site.xml configuration
$CoreConfigValues = @{ "ipc.client.connect.max.retries"="60" } #default 50

# mapred-site.xml configuration
$MapRedConfigValues = @{ "mapreduce.task.timeout"="1200000" } #default 600000

# oozie-site.xml configuration
$OozieConfigValues = @{ "oozie.service.coord.normal.default.timeout"="150" }  # default 120

Usar o SDK do .NET

Confira SDK do Azure HDInsight para .NET.

Usar modelo do Resource Manager

Você pode usar o bootstrap no modelo do Resource Manager:

"configurations": {
    "hive-site": {
        "hive.metastore.client.connect.retry.delay": "5",
        "hive.execution.engine": "mr",
        "hive.security.authorization.manager": "org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.security.authorization.DefaultHiveAuthorizationProvider"
    }
}

Hadoop customizes cluster bootstrap Azure Resource Manager template.

Amostra de snippet de código do modelo do Resource Manager para alternar a configuração no spark2-defaults para limpar os logs de eventos do armazenamento periodicamente.

"configurations": {
    "spark2-defaults": {
        "spark.history.fs.cleaner.enabled": "true",
        "spark.history.fs.cleaner.interval": "7d",
        "spark.history.fs.cleaner.maxAge": "90d"
    }
}

Confira também

Criar clusters Apache Hadoop no HDInsight fornece instruções sobre como criar um cluster HDInsight usando outras opções personalizadas.
Desenvolver scripts de Ação de Script para o HDInsight
Instalar e usar o Apache Spark em clusters HDInsight
Instalar e usar o Apache Giraph em clusters do HDInsight.

Apêndice: amostra do PowerShell

Esse script do PowerShell cria um cluster do HDInsight e personaliza uma configuração de Hive. Certifique-se de inserir os valores para $nameToken, $httpPassword e $sshPassword.

####################################
# Service names and variables
####################################

$nameToken = "<ENTER AN ALIAS>"
$namePrefix = $nameToken.ToLower() + (Get-Date -Format "MMdd")
$resourceGroupName = $namePrefix + "rg"
$hdinsightClusterName = $namePrefix + "hdi"
$defaultStorageAccountName = $namePrefix + "store"
$defaultBlobContainerName = $hdinsightClusterName
$location = "East US"

####################################
# Connect to Azure
####################################

Write-Host "Connecting to your Azure subscription ..." -ForegroundColor Green
$sub = Get-AzSubscription -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if(-not($sub))
{
    Connect-AzAccount
}

# If you have multiple subscriptions, set the one to use
#$context = Get-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId "<subscriptionID>"
#Set-AzContext $context

####################################
# Create a resource group
####################################

Write-Host "Creating a resource group ..." -ForegroundColor Green
New-AzResourceGroup `
    -Name  $resourceGroupName `
    -Location $location

####################################
# Create a storage account and container
####################################
	
Write-Host "Creating the default storage account and default blob container ..."  -ForegroundColor Green
New-AzStorageAccount `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -Name $defaultStorageAccountName `
    -Location $location `
    -SkuName Standard_LRS `
    -Kind StorageV2 `
    -EnableHttpsTrafficOnly 1
	
$defaultStorageAccountKey = (Get-AzStorageAccountKey `
                                -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
                                -Name $defaultStorageAccountName)[0].Value

$defaultStorageContext = New-AzStorageContext `
                                -StorageAccountName $defaultStorageAccountName `
                                -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey
								
New-AzStorageContainer `
    -Name $defaultBlobContainerName `
    -Context $defaultStorageContext #use the cluster name as the container name

####################################
# Create a configuration object
####################################

$hiveConfigValues = @{"hive.metastore.client.socket.timeout"="90s"}
$storageAccountResourceId = (Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName ` -Name $defaultStorageAccountName).Id

$config = New-AzHDInsightClusterConfig `
          -ClusterType "Spark"  `
    | Set-AzHDInsightDefaultStorage `
        -StorageAccountResourceId "$storageAccountResourceId" `
        -StorageAccountKey $defaultStorageAccountKey `
    | Add-AzHDInsightConfigValue `
        -HiveSite $hiveConfigValues `
		-Spark2Defaults @{}
		
####################################
# Set Ambari admin username/password
####################################

$httpUserName = "admin"  #HDInsight cluster username
$httpPassword = '<ENTER A PASSWORD>'

$httpPW = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $httpPassword -AsPlainText -Force
$httpCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($httpUserName,$httpPW)

####################################
# Set ssh username/password
####################################

$sshUserName = "sshuser" #HDInsight ssh user name
$sshPassword = '<ENTER A PASSWORD>'

$sshPW = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $sshPassword -AsPlainText -Force
$sshCredential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($sshUserName,$sshPW)

####################################
# Create an HDInsight cluster
####################################

New-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -ClusterName $hdinsightClusterName `
    -Location $location `
    -ClusterSizeInNodes 2 `
    -Version "4.0" `
    -HttpCredential $httpCredential `
    -SshCredential $sshCredential `
    -Config $config
	
####################################
# Verify the cluster
####################################

Get-AzHDInsightCluster `
    -ClusterName $hdinsightClusterName

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