이 샘플은 목록에서 최대 두 개의 회사를 검토하기 위해 사용자를 등록할 수 있는 봇을 나타냅니다.
봇은 세 가지 구성 요소 대화 상자를 사용하여 대화 흐름을 관리합니다.
각 구성 요소 대화 상자에는 폭포 대화 상자와 사용자 입력을 수집하는 데 필요한 프롬프트가 포함됩니다.
이러한 대화 상자는 다음 섹션에서 자세히 설명합니다.
대화 상태를 사용하여 대화 상자를 관리하고 사용자 상태를 사용하여 사용자 및 검토하려는 회사에 대한 정보를 저장합니다.
봇은 작업 처리기에서 파생됩니다. 많은 샘플 봇과 같은 방식으로 사용자를 환영하고, 대화를 사용하여 사용자의 메시지를 처리하고, 순서가 끝나기 전에 사용자와 대화 상태를 저장합니다.
/// <summary>Contains information about a user.</summary>
public class UserProfile
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
// The list of companies the user wants to review.
public List<string> CompaniesToReview { get; set; } = new List<string>();
userProfile.js
class UserProfile {
constructor(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
// The list of companies the user wants to review.
this.companiesToReview = [];
}
}
UserProfile.java
/**
* Contains information about a user.
*/
public class UserProfile {
private String name;
private Integer age;
// The list of companies the user wants to review.
private List<String> companiesToReview = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* Gets the name of the user
* @return Name of the user
*/
public String getName() {
return name;
}
/**
* Sets the name of the user
* @param name Name of the user
*/
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
/**
* Gets the age of the user
* @return Age of the user
*/
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
/**
* Sets the age of the user
* @param age Age of the user
*/
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
/**
* Gets the list of companies
* @return A list of companies
*/
public List<String> getCompaniesToReview() {
return companiesToReview;
}
/**
* Sets a list of companies
* @param companiesToReview A list of companies
*/
public void setCompaniesToReview(List<String> companiesToReview) {
this.companiesToReview = companiesToReview;
}
}
data_models/user_profile.py
class UserProfile:
def __init__(
self, name: str = None, age: int = 0, companies_to_review: List[str] = None
):
self.name: str = name
self.age: int = age
self.companies_to_review: List[str] = companies_to_review
대화 상자 만들기
이 봇에는 다음 세 가지 대화 상자가 포함되어 있습니다.
기본 대화 상자는 전체 프로세스를 시작한 다음 수집된 정보를 요약합니다.
최상위 대화는 사용자 정보를 수집하고 사용자의 나이를 기준으로 분기 논리를 포함합니다.
검토 선택 대화 상자를 사용하면 사용자가 검토할 회사를 반복적으로 선택할 수 있습니다. 루프 논리를 사용하여 이 작업을 수행합니다.
기본 대화 상자
기본 대화 상자에는 다음 두 단계가 있습니다.
최상위 대화 상자를 시작합니다.
최상위 대화 상자에서 수집한 사용자 프로필을 검색 및 요약하고, 해당 정보를 사용자 상태에 저장한 다음, 주 대화 상자의 끝을 알릴 수 있습니다.
stepContext.Values[UserInfo] = new UserProfile();
var promptOptions = new PromptOptions { Prompt = MessageFactory.Text("Please enter your name.") };
// Ask the user to enter their name.
return await stepContext.PromptAsync(nameof(TextPrompt), promptOptions, cancellationToken);
}
private async Task<DialogTurnResult> AgeStepAsync(WaterfallStepContext stepContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Set the user's name to what they entered in response to the name prompt.
var userProfile = (UserProfile)stepContext.Values[UserInfo];
userProfile.Name = (string)stepContext.Result;
var promptOptions = new PromptOptions { Prompt = MessageFactory.Text("Please enter your age.") };
// Ask the user to enter their age.
return await stepContext.PromptAsync(nameof(NumberPrompt<int>), promptOptions, cancellationToken);
}
private async Task<DialogTurnResult> StartSelectionStepAsync(WaterfallStepContext stepContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Set the user's age to what they entered in response to the age prompt.
var userProfile = (UserProfile)stepContext.Values[UserInfo];
userProfile.Age = (int)stepContext.Result;
if (userProfile.Age < 25)
{
// If they are too young, skip the review selection dialog, and pass an empty list to the next step.
await stepContext.Context.SendActivityAsync(
MessageFactory.Text("You must be 25 or older to participate."),
cancellationToken);
return await stepContext.NextAsync(new List<string>(), cancellationToken);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, start the review selection dialog.
return await stepContext.BeginDialogAsync(nameof(ReviewSelectionDialog), null, cancellationToken);
}
}
private async Task<DialogTurnResult> AcknowledgementStepAsync(WaterfallStepContext stepContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Set the user's company selection to what they entered in the review-selection dialog.
var userProfile = (UserProfile)stepContext.Values[UserInfo];
userProfile.CompaniesToReview = stepContext.Result as List<string> ?? new List<string>();
// Thank them for participating.
await stepContext.Context.SendActivityAsync(
MessageFactory.Text($"Thanks for participating, {((UserProfile)stepContext.Values[UserInfo]).Name}."),
cancellationToken);
// Exit the dialog, returning the collected user information.
return await stepContext.EndDialogAsync(stepContext.Values[UserInfo], cancellationToken);
}
}
}
dialogs/topLevelDialog.js
async nameStep(stepContext) {
// Create an object in which to collect the user's information within the dialog.
stepContext.values.userInfo = new UserProfile();
const promptOptions = { prompt: 'Please enter your name.' };
// Ask the user to enter their name.
return await stepContext.prompt(TEXT_PROMPT, promptOptions);
}
async ageStep(stepContext) {
// Set the user's name to what they entered in response to the name prompt.
stepContext.values.userInfo.name = stepContext.result;
const promptOptions = { prompt: 'Please enter your age.' };
// Ask the user to enter their age.
return await stepContext.prompt(NUMBER_PROMPT, promptOptions);
}
async startSelectionStep(stepContext) {
// Set the user's age to what they entered in response to the age prompt.
stepContext.values.userInfo.age = stepContext.result;
if (stepContext.result < 25) {
// If they are too young, skip the review selection dialog, and pass an empty list to the next step.
await stepContext.context.sendActivity('You must be 25 or older to participate.');
return await stepContext.next();
} else {
// Otherwise, start the review selection dialog.
return await stepContext.beginDialog(REVIEW_SELECTION_DIALOG);
}
}
async acknowledgementStep(stepContext) {
// Set the user's company selection to what they entered in the review-selection dialog.
const userProfile = stepContext.values.userInfo;
userProfile.companiesToReview = stepContext.result || [];
await stepContext.context.sendActivity(`Thanks for participating ${ userProfile.name }`);
// Exit the dialog, returning the collected user information.
return await stepContext.endDialog(userProfile);
}
TopLevelDialog.java
private CompletableFuture<DialogTurnResult> nameStep(WaterfallStepContext stepContext) {
// Create an object in which to collect the user's information within the dialog.
stepContext.getValues().put(USER_INFO, new UserProfile());
// Ask the user to enter their name.
PromptOptions promptOptions = new PromptOptions();
promptOptions.setPrompt(MessageFactory.text("Please enter your name."));
return stepContext.prompt("TextPrompt", promptOptions);
}
private CompletableFuture<DialogTurnResult> ageStep(WaterfallStepContext stepContext) {
// Set the user's name to what they entered in response to the name prompt.
UserProfile userProfile = (UserProfile) stepContext.getValues().get(USER_INFO);
userProfile.setName((String) stepContext.getResult());
// Ask the user to enter their age.
PromptOptions promptOptions = new PromptOptions();
promptOptions.setPrompt(MessageFactory.text("Please enter your age."));
return stepContext.prompt("NumberPrompt", promptOptions);
}
private CompletableFuture<DialogTurnResult> startSelectionStep(WaterfallStepContext stepContext) {
// Set the user's age to what they entered in response to the age prompt.
UserProfile userProfile = (UserProfile) stepContext.getValues().get(USER_INFO);
userProfile.setAge((Integer) stepContext.getResult());
// If they are too young, skip the review selection dialog, and pass an empty list to the next step.
if (userProfile.getAge() < 25) {
return stepContext.getContext().sendActivity(MessageFactory.text("You must be 25 or older to participate."))
.thenCompose(resourceResponse -> stepContext.next(new ArrayList<String>()));
}
// Otherwise, start the review selection dialog.
return stepContext.beginDialog("ReviewSelectionDialog");
}
private CompletableFuture<DialogTurnResult> acknowledgementStep(WaterfallStepContext stepContext) {
// Set the user's company selection to what they entered in the review-selection dialog.
UserProfile userProfile = (UserProfile) stepContext.getValues().get(USER_INFO);
userProfile.setCompaniesToReview(stepContext.getResult() instanceof List
? (List<String>) stepContext.getResult()
: new ArrayList<>());
// Thank them for participating.
return stepContext.getContext()
.sendActivity(MessageFactory.text(String.format("Thanks for participating, %s.", userProfile.getName())))
.thenCompose(resourceResponse -> stepContext.endDialog(stepContext.getValues().get(USER_INFO)));
}
dialogs\top_level_dialog.py
async def name_step(self, step_context: WaterfallStepContext) -> DialogTurnResult:
# Create an object in which to collect the user's information within the dialog.
step_context.values[self.USER_INFO] = UserProfile()
# Ask the user to enter their name.
prompt_options = PromptOptions(
prompt=MessageFactory.text("Please enter your name.")
)
return await step_context.prompt(TextPrompt.__name__, prompt_options)
async def age_step(self, step_context: WaterfallStepContext) -> DialogTurnResult:
# Set the user's name to what they entered in response to the name prompt.
user_profile = step_context.values[self.USER_INFO]
user_profile.name = step_context.result
# Ask the user to enter their age.
prompt_options = PromptOptions(
prompt=MessageFactory.text("Please enter your age.")
)
return await step_context.prompt(NumberPrompt.__name__, prompt_options)
async def start_selection_step(
self, step_context: WaterfallStepContext
) -> DialogTurnResult:
# Set the user's age to what they entered in response to the age prompt.
user_profile: UserProfile = step_context.values[self.USER_INFO]
user_profile.age = step_context.result
if user_profile.age < 25:
# If they are too young, skip the review selection dialog, and pass an empty list to the next step.
await step_context.context.send_activity(
MessageFactory.text("You must be 25 or older to participate.")
)
return await step_context.next([])
# Otherwise, start the review selection dialog.
return await step_context.begin_dialog(ReviewSelectionDialog.__name__)
async def acknowledgement_step(
self, step_context: WaterfallStepContext
) -> DialogTurnResult:
# Set the user's company selection to what they entered in the review-selection dialog.
user_profile: UserProfile = step_context.values[self.USER_INFO]
user_profile.companies_to_review = step_context.result
# Thank them for participating.
await step_context.context.send_activity(
MessageFactory.text(f"Thanks for participating, {user_profile.name}.")
)
# Exit the dialog, returning the collected user information.
return await step_context.end_dialog(user_profile)
검토 선택 대화 상자
검토 선택 대화 상자에는 다음 두 단계가 있습니다.
사용자에게 검토할 회사를 선택하도록 요청하거나 done을 선택하여 완료합니다.
대화 상자가 초기 정보로 시작된 경우 폭포 단계 컨텍스트의 옵션 속성을 통해 정보를 사용할 수 있습니다. 검토 선택 대화가 다시 시작될 수 있으며 이는 사용자가 검토할 회사를 여러 개 선택할 수 있도록 하는 데 사용됩니다.
사용자가 검토할 회사를 이미 선택한 경우 해당 회사는 사용 가능한 선택 항목에서 제거됩니다.
done 사용자가 루프를 일찍 종료할 수 있도록 선택 항목이 추가됩니다.
이 대화를 반복하거나 적절하게 종료합니다.
사용자가 검토할 회사를 선택한 경우 목록에 추가합니다.
사용자가 두 회사를 선택했거나 종료하도록 선택한 경우 대화 상자를 종료하고 수집된 목록을 반환합니다.
private async Task<DialogTurnResult> SelectionStepAsync(
WaterfallStepContext stepContext,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Continue using the same selection list, if any, from the previous iteration of this dialog.
var list = stepContext.Options as List<string> ?? new List<string>();
stepContext.Values[CompaniesSelected] = list;
// Create a prompt message.
string message;
if (list.Count is 0)
{
message = $"Please choose a company to review, or `{DoneOption}` to finish.";
}
else
{
message = $"You have selected **{list[0]}**. You can review an additional company, " +
$"or choose `{DoneOption}` to finish.";
}
// Create the list of options to choose from.
var options = _companyOptions.ToList();
options.Add(DoneOption);
if (list.Count > 0)
{
options.Remove(list[0]);
}
var promptOptions = new PromptOptions
{
Prompt = MessageFactory.Text(message),
RetryPrompt = MessageFactory.Text("Please choose an option from the list."),
Choices = ChoiceFactory.ToChoices(options),
};
// Prompt the user for a choice.
return await stepContext.PromptAsync(nameof(ChoicePrompt), promptOptions, cancellationToken);
}
private async Task<DialogTurnResult> LoopStepAsync(
WaterfallStepContext stepContext,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// Retrieve their selection list, the choice they made, and whether they chose to finish.
var list = stepContext.Values[CompaniesSelected] as List<string>;
var choice = (FoundChoice)stepContext.Result;
var done = choice.Value == DoneOption;
if (!done)
{
// If they chose a company, add it to the list.
list.Add(choice.Value);
}
if (done || list.Count >= 2)
{
// If they're done, exit and return their list.
return await stepContext.EndDialogAsync(list, cancellationToken);
}
else
{
// Otherwise, repeat this dialog, passing in the list from this iteration.
return await stepContext.ReplaceDialogAsync(InitialDialogId, list, cancellationToken);
}
}
dialogs/reviewSelectionDialog.js
async selectionStep(stepContext) {
// Continue using the same selection list, if any, from the previous iteration of this dialog.
const list = Array.isArray(stepContext.options) ? stepContext.options : [];
stepContext.values[this.companiesSelected] = list;
// Create a prompt message.
let message = '';
if (list.length === 0) {
message = `Please choose a company to review, or \`${ this.doneOption }\` to finish.`;
} else {
message = `You have selected **${ list[0] }**. You can review an additional company, or choose \`${ this.doneOption }\` to finish.`;
}
// Create the list of options to choose from.
const options = list.length > 0
? this.companyOptions.filter(function(item) { return item !== list[0]; })
: this.companyOptions.slice();
options.push(this.doneOption);
// Prompt the user for a choice.
return await stepContext.prompt(CHOICE_PROMPT, {
prompt: message,
retryPrompt: 'Please choose an option from the list.',
choices: options
});
}
async loopStep(stepContext) {
// Retrieve their selection list, the choice they made, and whether they chose to finish.
const list = stepContext.values[this.companiesSelected];
const choice = stepContext.result;
const done = choice.value === this.doneOption;
if (!done) {
// If they chose a company, add it to the list.
list.push(choice.value);
}
if (done || list.length > 1) {
// If they're done, exit and return their list.
return await stepContext.endDialog(list);
} else {
// Otherwise, repeat this dialog, passing in the list from this iteration.
return await stepContext.replaceDialog(this.initialDialogId, list);
}
}
ReviewSelectionDialog.java
private CompletableFuture<DialogTurnResult> selectionStep(WaterfallStepContext stepContext) {
// Continue using the same selection list, if any, from the previous iteration of this dialog.
List<String> list = stepContext.getOptions() instanceof List
? (List<String>) stepContext.getOptions()
: new ArrayList<>();
stepContext.getValues().put(COMPANIES_SELECTED, list);
// Create a prompt message.
String message;
if (list.size() == 0) {
message = String.format("Please choose a company to review, or `%s` to finish.", DONE_OPTION);
} else {
message = String.format("You have selected **%s**. You can review an additional company, or choose `%s` to finish.",
list.get(0),
DONE_OPTION);
}
// Create the list of options to choose from.
List<String> options = new ArrayList<>(companiesOptions);
options.add(DONE_OPTION);
if (list.size() > 0) {
options.remove(list.get(0));
}
PromptOptions promptOptions = new PromptOptions();
promptOptions.setPrompt(MessageFactory.text(message));
promptOptions.setRetryPrompt(MessageFactory.text("Please choose an option from the list."));
promptOptions.setChoices(ChoiceFactory.toChoices(options));
// Prompt the user for a choice.
return stepContext.prompt("ChoicePrompt", promptOptions);
}
private CompletableFuture<DialogTurnResult> loopStep(WaterfallStepContext stepContext) {
// Retrieve their selection list, the choice they made, and whether they chose to finish.
List<String> list = (List<String>) stepContext.getValues().get(COMPANIES_SELECTED);
FoundChoice choice = (FoundChoice) stepContext.getResult();
boolean done = StringUtils.equals(choice.getValue(), DONE_OPTION);
// If they chose a company, add it to the list.
if (!done) {
list.add(choice.getValue());
}
// If they're done, exit and return their list.
if (done || list.size() >= 2) {
return stepContext.endDialog(list);
}
// Otherwise, repeat this dialog, passing in the list from this iteration.
return stepContext.replaceDialog(getId(), list);
}
dialogs/review_selection_dialog.py
async def selection_step(
self, step_context: WaterfallStepContext
) -> DialogTurnResult:
# step_context.options will contains the value passed in begin_dialog or replace_dialog.
# if this value wasn't provided then start with an emtpy selection list. This list will
# eventually be returned to the parent via end_dialog.
selected: [
str
] = step_context.options if step_context.options is not None else []
step_context.values[self.COMPANIES_SELECTED] = selected
if len(selected) == 0:
message = (
f"Please choose a company to review, or `{self.DONE_OPTION}` to finish."
)
else:
message = (
f"You have selected **{selected[0]}**. You can review an additional company, "
f"or choose `{self.DONE_OPTION}` to finish. "
)
# create a list of options to choose, with already selected items removed.
options = self.company_options.copy()
options.append(self.DONE_OPTION)
if len(selected) > 0:
options.remove(selected[0])
# prompt with the list of choices
prompt_options = PromptOptions(
prompt=MessageFactory.text(message),
retry_prompt=MessageFactory.text("Please choose an option from the list."),
choices=self._to_choices(options),
)
return await step_context.prompt(ChoicePrompt.__name__, prompt_options)
def _to_choices(self, choices: [str]) -> List[Choice]:
choice_list: List[Choice] = []
for choice in choices:
choice_list.append(Choice(value=choice))
return choice_list
async def loop_step(self, step_context: WaterfallStepContext) -> DialogTurnResult:
selected: List[str] = step_context.values[self.COMPANIES_SELECTED]
choice: FoundChoice = step_context.result
done = choice.value == self.DONE_OPTION
# If they chose a company, add it to the list.
if not done:
selected.append(choice.value)
# If they're done, exit and return their list.
if done or len(selected) >= 2:
return await step_context.end_dialog(selected)
# Otherwise, repeat this dialog, passing in the selections from this iteration.
return await step_context.replace_dialog(
self.initial_dialog_id, selected
)
대화 상자 실행
대화 상자 봇 클래스는 작업 처리기를 확장하고 대화 상자를 실행하기 위한 논리를 포함합니다.
대화 상자 및 환영 봇 클래스는 대화에 참가할 때도 사용자를 환영하도록 대화 봇을 확장합니다.
봇의 턴 처리기는 세 개의 대화 상자로 정의된 대화 흐름을 반복합니다.
사용자로부터 메시지를 수신하는 경우:
public override async Task OnTurnAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default(CancellationToken))
{
await base.OnTurnAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken);
// Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
await ConversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken);
await UserState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken);
}
protected override async Task OnMessageActivityAsync(ITurnContext<IMessageActivity> turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
Logger.LogInformation("Running dialog with Message Activity.");
// Run the Dialog with the new message Activity.
await Dialog.RunAsync(turnContext, ConversationState.CreateProperty<DialogState>(nameof(DialogState)), cancellationToken);
}
bots/dialogBot.js
this.onMessage(async (context, next) => {
console.log('Running dialog with Message Activity.');
// Run the Dialog with the new message Activity.
await this.dialog.run(context, this.dialogState);
// By calling next() you ensure that the next BotHandler is run.
await next();
});
/**
* Override the ActivityHandler.run() method to save state changes after the bot logic completes.
*/
async run(context) {
await super.run(context);
// Save any state changes. The load happened during the execution of the Dialog.
await this.conversationState.saveChanges(context, false);
await this.userState.saveChanges(context, false);
}
DialogBot.java
@Override
public CompletableFuture<Void> onTurn(
TurnContext turnContext
) {
return super.onTurn(turnContext)
// Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
.thenCompose(result -> conversationState.saveChanges(turnContext))
.thenCompose(result -> userState.saveChanges(turnContext));
}
@Override
protected CompletableFuture<Void> onMessageActivity(
TurnContext turnContext
) {
LoggerFactory.getLogger(DialogBot.class).info("Running dialog with Message Activity.");
// Run the Dialog with the new message Activity.
return Dialog.run(dialog, turnContext, conversationState.createProperty("DialogState"));
}
bots/dialog_bot.py
async def on_turn(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
await super().on_turn(turn_context)
# Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
await self.conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context, False)
await self.user_state.save_changes(turn_context, False)
async def on_message_activity(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
await DialogHelper.run_dialog(
self.dialog,
turn_context,
self.conversation_state.create_property("DialogState"),
)
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddHttpClient().AddControllers().AddNewtonsoftJson(options =>
{
options.SerializerSettings.MaxDepth = HttpHelper.BotMessageSerializerSettings.MaxDepth;
});
// Create the Bot Framework Authentication to be used with the Bot Adapter.
services.AddSingleton<BotFrameworkAuthentication, ConfigurationBotFrameworkAuthentication>();
// Create the Bot Adapter with error handling enabled.
services.AddSingleton<IBotFrameworkHttpAdapter, AdapterWithErrorHandler>();
// Create the storage we'll be using for User and Conversation state. (Memory is great for testing purposes.)
services.AddSingleton<IStorage, MemoryStorage>();
// Create the User state. (Used in this bot's Dialog implementation.)
services.AddSingleton<UserState>();
index.js
// Create user and conversation state with in-memory storage provider.
const userState = new UserState(memoryStorage);
const conversationState = new ConversationState(memoryStorage);
// Create the main dialog.
const dialog = new MainDialog(userState);
const bot = new DialogAndWelcomeBot(conversationState, userState, dialog);
// Catch-all for errors.
adapter.onTurnError = async (context, error) => {
// This check writes out errors to console log .vs. app insights.
// NOTE: In production environment, you should consider logging this to Azure
// application insights. See https://aka.ms/bottelemetry for telemetry
// configuration instructions.
console.error(`\n [onTurnError] unhandled error: ${ error }`);
Application.java
@Bean
public Bot getBot(
ConversationState conversationState,
UserState userState,
Dialog dialog
) {
return new DialogAndWelcome<>(conversationState, userState, dialog);
}
app.py
# See https://aka.ms/about-bot-adapter to learn more about how bots work.
ADAPTER = CloudAdapter(ConfigurationBotFrameworkAuthentication(CONFIG))
# Catch-all for errors.
CONVERSATION_STATE = ConversationState(MEMORY)
# Create Dialog and Bot
DIALOG = MainDialog(USER_STATE)
BOT = DialogAndWelcomeBot(CONVERSATION_STATE, USER_STATE, DIALOG)
# Listen for incoming requests on /api/messages.
참고 항목
메모리 스토리지는 테스트 목적으로만 사용되며 프로덕션 용도로는 사용되지 않습니다.
프로덕션 봇에 영구 스토리지 유형을 사용해야 합니다.