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Quickstart: Create your first Python web app using Visual Studio

  • Artikkeli

Applies to: yesVisual Studio noVisual Studio for Mac

Note

This article applies to Visual Studio 2017. If you're looking for the latest Visual Studio documentation, see Visual Studio documentation. We recommend upgrading to the latest version of Visual Studio. Download it here

In this 5-10 minute introduction to Visual Studio as a Python IDE, you create a simple Python web application based on the Flask framework. You create the project through discrete steps that help you learn about Visual Studio's basic features.

If you haven't already installed Visual Studio, go to the Visual Studio downloads page to install it for free. In the installer, make sure to select the Python development workload.

Create the project

The following steps create an empty project that serves as a container for the application:

  1. Open Visual Studio 2017.

  2. From the top menu bar, choose File > New > Project.

  3. In the New Project dialog box, enter "Python Web Project" in the search field on the upper right, choose Web project in the middle list, give the project a name like "HelloPython", then choose OK.

    New project dialog with Python Web Project selected

    If you don't see the Python project templates, run the Visual Studio Installer, select More > Modify, select the Python development workload, then choose Modify.

    Python development workload in the Visual Studio installer

  4. The new project opens in Solution Explorer in the right pane. The project is empty at this point because it contains no other files.

    Solution explorer showing the newly created empty project

Question: What's the advantage of creating a project in Visual Studio for a Python application?

Answer: Python applications are typically defined by using only folders and files, but this simple structure can become burdensome as applications grow larger. Applications can involve auto-generated files, JavaScript for web applications, and other components. A Visual Studio project helps manage this complexity.

The project, a .pyproj file, identifies all the source and content files associated with your project. The .pyproj file contains build information for each file, maintains information to integrate with source-control systems, and helps organize your application into logical components.

Question: What is the "solution" shown in Solution Explorer?

Answer: A Visual Studio solution is a container that helps you manage one or more related projects as a group. The solution stores configuration settings that aren't specific to a project. Projects in a solution can also reference one another. For example, running a Python app project can automatically build a second project, like a C++ extension that the Python app uses.

Install the Flask library

Web apps in Python almost always use one of the many available Python libraries to handle low-level details like routing web requests and shaping responses. Visual Studio provides many templates for web apps. You use one of these templates later in this Quickstart.

Use the following steps to install the Flask library into the default global environment that Visual Studio uses for this project.

  1. Expand the Python Environments node in the project to see the default environment for the project.

    Solution explorer showing the default environment

  2. Right-click the environment and select Install Python Package. This command opens the Python Environments window on the Packages tab.

  3. Enter "flask" in the search field and select pip install flask from PyPI. Accept any prompts for administrator privileges and observe the Output window in Visual Studio for progress. (A prompt for elevation happens when the packages folder for the global environment is located within a protected area like C:\Program Files.)

    Installing the Flask library using pip install

Once installed, the library appears in the environment in Solution Explorer, which means you can use it in Python code.

Flask library installed and showing in Solution Explorer

Note

Instead of installing libraries in the global environment, developers typically create a "virtual environment" in which to install libraries for a specific project. Visual Studio templates typically offer this option, as discussed in Quickstart - Create a Python project using a template.

Question: Where do I learn more about other available Python packages?

Answer: Visit the Python Package Index.

Add a code file

You're now ready to add a bit of Python code to implement a minimal web app.

You might have noticed that the Add > New Item dialog box displays many other types of files you can add to a Python project, including a Python class, a Python package, a Python unit test, web.config files, and more. In general, these item templates are a great way to quickly create files with useful boilerplate code.

Question: Where can I learn more about Flask?

Answer: Refer to the Flask documentation, starting with the Flask Quickstart.

Run the application

  1. In Solution Explorer, right-click app.py and then select Set as Startup File from the dropdown menu. This command identifies the code file to launch in Python when running the app.

    Setting the startup file for a project in Solution Explorer

  2. Right-click the project in Solution Explorer and select Properties. Select the Debug tab from the Properties menu, and set the Port Number property to 4449. This setting ensures that Visual Studio launches a browser with localhost:4449 to match the app.run arguments in the code.

  3. Select Debug > Start Without Debugging or press Ctrl+F5, which saves changes to files and runs the app.

  4. A command window appears with the message Running in https://localhost:4449. A browser window opens to localhost:4449 and displays the message Hello, Python! The GET request also appears in the command window with a status of 200.

    If a browser doesn't open automatically, start the browser of your choice and navigate to localhost:4449.

    If you see only the Python interactive shell in the command window, or if that window flashes on the screen briefly, make sure app.py is set as the startup file.

  5. Navigate to localhost:4449/hello to test that the decorator for the /hello resource also works. Again, the GET request appears in the command window with a status of 200. Try some other URLs as well to see that they show 404 status codes in the command window.

  6. Close the command window to stop the app, and then close the browser window.

Question: What's the difference between the Start Without Debugging and Start Debugging commands?

Answer: You use Start Debugging to run the app in the context of the Visual Studio debugger. With the debugger, you can set breakpoints, examine variables, and step through your code line by line. Apps might run slower in the debugger because of the hooks that make debugging possible.

Start Without Debugging runs the app directly, as if you ran it from the command line, with no debugging context. Start Without Debugging also automatically launches a browser, and navigates to the URL specified in the project properties' Debug tab.

Next steps

Congratulations on running your first Python app from Visual Studio. You've learned a little about using Visual Studio as a Python IDE!

Because the steps you followed in this Quickstart are fairly generic, you've probably guessed that they can and should be automated. Such automation is the role of Visual Studio project templates. Go through Quickstart - Create a Python project using a template to create a web app similar to the one in this article, but with fewer steps.

To continue with a fuller tutorial on Python in Visual Studio, including using the interactive window, debugging, data visualization, and working with Git, follow Tutorial: Get started with Python in Visual Studio.

To explore more that Visual Studio has to offer, select the links below.