XmlDsigBase64Transform Class

Definition

Namespace:

System.Security.Cryptography.Xml

Assembly:

System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll

Source:

XmlDsigBase64Transform.cs

Represents the Base64 decoding transform as defined in Section 6.6.2 of the XMLDSIG specification.

public ref class XmlDsigBase64Transform : System::Security::Cryptography::Xml::Transform

public class XmlDsigBase64Transform : System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Transform

type XmlDsigBase64Transform = class
    inherit Transform

Public Class XmlDsigBase64Transform
Inherits Transform

Inheritance

Object

Transform

XmlDsigBase64Transform

Examples

The following code example demonstrates how to use members of the XmlDsigBase64Transform class.

#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Xml.dll>
#using <System.Security.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Xml;
using namespace System::Security::Cryptography;
using namespace System::Security::Cryptography::Xml;

namespace CryptographyXmlDsigBase64Transform
{
    ref class Example
    {
    public:
        static void Produce()
        {
            
            // Encrypt an XML message
            EncryptXML(LoadXMLDoc());
            
            // Using XmlDsigBase64Transform resolving a Uri.
            Uri^ baseUri = gcnew Uri("http://www.microsoft.com");
            String^ relativeUri = "msdn";
            Uri^ absoluteUri = ResolveUris(baseUri, relativeUri);
            Console::WriteLine("This sample completed successfully; "
                "press Enter to exit.");
            Console::ReadLine();
        }


    private:

        // Encrypt the text in the specified XmlDocument.
        static void EncryptXML(XmlDocument^ xmlDoc)
        {
            
            XmlDsigBase64Transform^ xmlTransform = 
                gcnew XmlDsigBase64Transform;
            // Ensure the transform is using the proper algorithm.
            xmlTransform->Algorithm = 
                SignedXml::XmlDsigBase64TransformUrl;
            // Retrieve the XML representation of the current 
            // transform.
            XmlElement^ xmlInTransform = xmlTransform->GetXml();
            Console::WriteLine("Xml representation of the " 
                "current transform: ");
            Console::WriteLine(xmlInTransform->OuterXml);
            
            // Retrieve the valid input types for the current 
            // transform.
            array<Type^>^ validInTypes = xmlTransform->InputTypes;
            // Verify the xmlTransform can accept the XMLDocument
            // as an input type.
            for each (Type^ validInType in validInTypes)
            {
                if (validInType == xmlDoc->GetType())
                {
                    
                    // Demonstrate loading the entire Xml Document.
                    xmlTransform->LoadInput(xmlDoc);
                    // This transform is created for demonstration 
                    // purposes.
                    XmlDsigBase64Transform^ secondTransform = 
                        gcnew XmlDsigBase64Transform;
                    String^ classDescription = 
                        secondTransform->ToString();
                    // This call does not perform as expected.
                    // LoadInnerXml is overridden by the 
                    // XmlDsigBase64Transform class, but is 
                    // stubbed out.
                    secondTransform->LoadInnerXml(
                        xmlDoc->SelectNodes("//."));
                    break;
                }

            }
            
            array<Type^>^ validOutTypes = xmlTransform->OutputTypes;
            for each (Type^ validOutType in validOutTypes)
            {
                if (validOutType == Stream::typeid)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        
                        Type^ streamType = Stream::typeid;
                        CryptoStream^ outputStream = 
                            (CryptoStream^)(xmlTransform->GetOutput(
                            streamType));
                        // Read the CryptoStream into a stream reader.
                        StreamReader^ streamReader = 
                            gcnew StreamReader(outputStream);
                        
                        // Read the stream into a string.
                        String^ outputMessage = 
                            streamReader->ReadToEnd();
                        
                        // Close the streams.
                        outputStream->Close();
                        streamReader->Close();
                        
                        // Display to the console the Xml before and
                        // after encryption.
                        Console::WriteLine("Encoding the following "
                            "message: {0}", xmlDoc->InnerText);
                        Console::WriteLine("Message encoded: {0}", 
                            outputMessage);
                    }
                    catch (CryptographicException^ ex) 
                    {
                        Console::WriteLine("Cryptographic exception "
                            "caught: {0}", ex);
                    }

                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    
                    Object^ outputObject = xmlTransform->GetOutput();
                }

            }
        }


        // Create an XML document with Element and Text nodes.
        static XmlDocument^ LoadXMLDoc()
        {
            XmlDocument^ xmlDoc = gcnew XmlDocument;
            XmlNode^ mainNode = 
                xmlDoc->CreateNode(XmlNodeType::Element, 
                "ContosoMessages", "http://www.contoso.com");
            XmlNode^ textNode = xmlDoc->CreateTextNode("Some text "
                "to encode.");
            mainNode->AppendChild(textNode);
            xmlDoc->AppendChild(mainNode);
            Console::WriteLine("Created the following XML Document "
                "for transformation: ");
            Console::WriteLine(xmlDoc->InnerXml);
            return xmlDoc;
        }


        // Resolve the specified base and relative Uri's.
        static Uri^ ResolveUris(Uri^ baseUri, String^ relativeUri)
        {
            
            XmlUrlResolver^ xmlResolver = gcnew XmlUrlResolver;
            xmlResolver->Credentials = 
                System::Net::CredentialCache::DefaultCredentials;
            XmlDsigBase64Transform^ xmlTransform = 
                gcnew XmlDsigBase64Transform;
            xmlTransform->Resolver = xmlResolver;
            Uri^ absoluteUri = xmlResolver->ResolveUri(baseUri, 
                relativeUri);
            if (absoluteUri != nullptr)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Resolved the base Uri and "
                    "relative Uri to the following:");
                Console::WriteLine(absoluteUri);
            }
            else
            {
                Console::WriteLine("Unable to resolve the base "
                    "Uri and relative Uri");
            }

            return absoluteUri;
        }

    };

}

int main()
{
    CryptographyXmlDsigBase64Transform::Example::Produce();
}

//
// This sample produces the following output:
//
// Created the following XML Document for transformation:
// <ContosoMessages xmlns="http://www.contoso.com">Some text to encode.
// Xml representation of the current transform:
// <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#base64"
// xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" />
// Encoding the following message: Some text to encode.
// Message encoded: Jmr^
// Resolved the base Uri and relative Uri to the following:
// http://www.microsoft.com/msdn
// This sample completed successfully; press Enter to exit.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.Xml;

class Class1
{
    [STAThread]
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Encrypt an XML message
        EncryptXML(LoadXMLDoc());

        // Using XmlDsigBase64Transform resolving a Uri.
        Uri baseUri = new Uri("http://www.microsoft.com");
        string relativeUri = "msdn";
        Uri absoluteUri = ResolveUris(baseUri, relativeUri);

        Console.WriteLine("This sample completed successfully; " +
            "press Enter to exit.");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    // Encrypt the text in the specified XmlDocument.
    private static void EncryptXML(XmlDocument xmlDoc)
    {
        XmlDsigBase64Transform xmlTransform = new XmlDsigBase64Transform();

        // Ensure the transform is using the proper algorithm.
        xmlTransform.Algorithm = SignedXml.XmlDsigBase64TransformUrl;

        // Retrieve the XML representation of the current transform.
        XmlElement xmlInTransform = xmlTransform.GetXml();

        Console.WriteLine("Xml representation of the current transform: ");
        Console.WriteLine(xmlInTransform.OuterXml);

        // Retrieve the valid input types for the current transform.
        Type[] validInTypes = xmlTransform.InputTypes;

        // Verify the xmlTransform can accept the XMLDocument as an
        // input type.
        for (int i=0; i<validInTypes.Length; i++)
        {
            if (validInTypes[i] == xmlDoc.GetType())
            {
                // Demonstrate loading the entire Xml Document.
                xmlTransform.LoadInput(xmlDoc);

                // This transform is created for demonstration purposes.
                XmlDsigBase64Transform secondTransform =
                    new XmlDsigBase64Transform();

                string classDescription = secondTransform.ToString();

                // This call does not perform as expected.
                // LoadInnerXml is overridden by the XmlDsigBase64Transform
                // class, but is stubbed out.
                secondTransform.LoadInnerXml(xmlDoc.SelectNodes("//."));

                break;
            }
        }

        Type[] validOutTypes = xmlTransform.OutputTypes;

        for (int i=0; i<validOutTypes.Length; i++)
        {
            if (validOutTypes[i] == typeof(System.IO.Stream))
            {
                try 
                {
                    Type streamType = typeof(System.IO.Stream);
                    CryptoStream outputStream = (CryptoStream) 
                        xmlTransform.GetOutput(streamType);

                    // Read the CryptoStream into a stream reader.
                    StreamReader streamReader =
                        new StreamReader(outputStream);

                    // Read the stream into a string.
                    string outputMessage = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

                    // Close the streams.
                    outputStream.Close();
                    streamReader.Close();

                    // Display to the console the Xml before and after
                    // encryption.
                    Console.WriteLine("Encoding the following message: " +
                        xmlDoc.InnerText);
                    Console.WriteLine("Message encoded: " + outputMessage);
            }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Unexpected exception caught: " +
                        ex.ToString());
                }

                break;
            }
            else
            {
                object outputObject = xmlTransform.GetOutput();
            }
        }
    }

    // Create an XML document with Element and Text nodes.
    private static XmlDocument LoadXMLDoc()
    {
        XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();

        XmlNode mainNode = xmlDoc.CreateNode(
            XmlNodeType.Element,
            "ContosoMessages",
            "http://www.contoso.com");

        XmlNode textNode = xmlDoc.CreateTextNode("Some text to encode.");
        mainNode.AppendChild(textNode);
        xmlDoc.AppendChild(mainNode);

        Console.WriteLine("Created the following XML Document for " +
            "transformation: ");
        Console.WriteLine(xmlDoc.InnerXml);
        return xmlDoc;
    }

    // Resolve the specified base and relative Uri's .
    private static Uri ResolveUris(Uri baseUri, string relativeUri)
    {
        XmlUrlResolver xmlResolver = new XmlUrlResolver();
        xmlResolver.Credentials = 
            System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

        XmlDsigBase64Transform xmlTransform = new XmlDsigBase64Transform();
        xmlTransform.Resolver = xmlResolver;

        Uri absoluteUri = xmlResolver.ResolveUri(baseUri, relativeUri);

        if (absoluteUri != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Resolved the base Uri and relative Uri to the following:");
            Console.WriteLine(absoluteUri.ToString());
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine(
                "Unable to resolve the base Uri and relative Uri");
        }
        return absoluteUri;
    }
}
//
// This sample produces the following output:
//
// Created the following XML Document for transformation:
// <ContosoMessages xmlns="http://www.contoso.com">Some text to encode.
// Xml representation of the current transform:
// <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#base64" xmlns=
// "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" />
// Encoding the following message: Some text to encode.
// Message encoded: Jmr^
// Resolved the base Uri and relative Uri to the following:
// http://www.microsoft.com/msdn
// This sample completed successfully; press Enter to exit.

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Security.Cryptography
Imports System.Security.Cryptography.Xml


Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    ' Event handler for Run button.
    Private Sub Button1_Click( _
        ByVal sender As System.Object, _
        ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click

        tbxOutput.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor
        tbxOutput.Text = ""

        ' Encrypt an XML message
        EncryptXML(LoadXMLDoc())

        ' Using XmlDsigBase64Transform resolving a Uri.
        Dim baseUri As New Uri("http://www.microsoft.com")
        Dim relativeUri As String = "msdn"
        Dim absoluteUri As Uri = ResolveUris(baseUri, relativeUri)

        ' Reset the cursor and conclude application.
        WriteLine(vbCrLf + "This sample completed successfully;" + _
            " press Exit to continue.")
        tbxOutput.Cursor = Cursors.Default
    End Sub

    ' Encrypt the text in the specified XmlDocument.
    Private Sub EncryptXML(ByVal xmlDoc As XmlDocument)
        Dim xmlTransform As New XmlDsigBase64Transform

        ' Ensure the transform is using the proper algorithm.
        xmlTransform.Algorithm = SignedXml.XmlDsigBase64TransformUrl

        ' Retrieve the XML representation of the current transform.
        Dim xmlInTransform As XmlElement = xmlTransform.GetXml()

        WriteLine("Xml representation of the current transform: ")
        WriteLine(xmlInTransform.OuterXml)

        ' Retrieve the valid input types for the current transform.
        Dim validInTypes() As Type = xmlTransform.InputTypes

        ' Verify the xmlTransform can accept the XMLDocument as an
        ' input type.
        For i As Int16 = 0 To validInTypes.Length Step 1
            If (validInTypes(i).Equals(xmlDoc.GetType())) Then
                ' Demonstrate loading the entire Xml Document.
                xmlTransform.LoadInput(xmlDoc)

                ' This transform is created for demonstration purposes.
                Dim secondTransform As New XmlDsigBase64Transform

                Dim classDescription As String = secondTransform.ToString()

                ' This call does not perform as expected.
                ' LoadInnerXml is overridden by the XmlDsigBase64Transform
                ' class, but is stubbed out.
                secondTransform.LoadInnerXml(xmlDoc.SelectNodes("//."))

                Exit For
            End If
        Next
        Dim validOutTypes() As Type = xmlTransform.OutputTypes

        For i As Int16 = 0 To validOutTypes.Length Step 1
            If (validOutTypes(i).equals(GetType(System.IO.Stream))) Then
                Try
                    Dim streamType As Type = GetType(System.IO.Stream)

                    Dim outputStream As CryptoStream
                    outputStream = CType( _
                        xmlTransform.GetOutput(streamType), _
                        CryptoStream)


                    ' Read the CryptoStream into a stream reader.
                    Dim streamReader As New StreamReader(outputStream)

                    ' Read the stream into a string.
                    Dim outputMessage As String = streamReader.ReadToEnd()

                    ' Close the streams.
                    outputStream.Close()
                    streamReader.Close()

                    ' Display to the console the Xml before and after
                    ' encryption.
                    WriteLine("Encoding the following message: " + _
                        xmlDoc.InnerText)
                    WriteLine("Message encoded: " + outputMessage)

                Catch ex As Exception
                    WriteLine("Unexpected exception caught: " + _
                        ex.ToString())

                End Try

                ' Stop cycling through types, exit operation.
                Exit For
            Else
                Dim outputObject As Object = xmlTransform.GetOutput()
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

    ' Create an XML document with Element and Text nodes.
    Private Function LoadXMLDoc() As XmlDocument
        Dim xmlDoc As New XmlDocument

        Dim mainNode As XmlNode = xmlDoc.CreateNode( _
            XmlNodeType.Element, _
            "ContosoMessages", _
            "http://www.contoso.com")

        Dim textNode As XmlNode
        textNode = xmlDoc.CreateTextNode("Some text to encode.")
        mainNode.AppendChild(textNode)
        xmlDoc.AppendChild(mainNode)

        WriteLine("Created the following XML Document for " + _
            "transformation: ")
        WriteLine(xmlDoc.InnerXml)
        Return xmlDoc
    End Function

    ' Resolve the specified base and relative Uri's .
    Private Function ResolveUris( _
        ByVal baseUri As Uri, _
        ByVal relativeUri As String) As Uri

        Dim xmlResolver As New XmlUrlResolver
        xmlResolver.Credentials = _
            System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials

        Dim xmlTransform As New XmlDsigBase64Transform
        xmlTransform.Resolver = xmlResolver

        Dim absoluteUri As Uri = _
            xmlResolver.ResolveUri(baseUri, relativeUri)

        If Not absoluteUri Is Nothing Then
            WriteLine( _
                "Resolved the base Uri and relative Uri to the following:")
            WriteLine(absoluteUri.ToString())
        Else
            WriteLine("Unable to resolve the base Uri and relative Uri")
        End If
        Return absoluteUri
    End Function

    ' Write message and carriage return to the output textbox.
    Private Sub WriteLine(ByVal message As String)
        tbxOutput.AppendText(message + vbCrLf)
    End Sub

    ' Event handler for Exit button.
    Private Sub Button2_Click( _
        ByVal sender As System.Object, _
        ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click

        Application.Exit()
    End Sub
#Region " Windows Form Designer generated code "

    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()

        'This call is required by the Windows Form Designer.
        InitializeComponent()

        'Add any initialization after the InitializeComponent() call

    End Sub

    'Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
    Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        If disposing Then
            If Not (components Is Nothing) Then
                components.Dispose()
            End If
        End If
        MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
    End Sub

    'Required by the Windows Form Designer
    Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer

    'NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
    'It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.  
    'Do not modify it using the code editor.
    Friend WithEvents Panel2 As System.Windows.Forms.Panel
    Friend WithEvents Panel1 As System.Windows.Forms.Panel
    Friend WithEvents Button1 As System.Windows.Forms.Button
    Friend WithEvents Button2 As System.Windows.Forms.Button
    Friend WithEvents tbxOutput As System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> _
    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        Me.Panel2 = New System.Windows.Forms.Panel
        Me.Button1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button
        Me.Button2 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button
        Me.Panel1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Panel
        Me.tbxOutput = New System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox
        Me.Panel2.SuspendLayout()
        Me.Panel1.SuspendLayout()
        Me.SuspendLayout()
        '
        'Panel2
        '
        Me.Panel2.Controls.Add(Me.Button1)
        Me.Panel2.Controls.Add(Me.Button2)
        Me.Panel2.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Bottom
        Me.Panel2.DockPadding.All = 20
        Me.Panel2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(0, 320)
        Me.Panel2.Name = "Panel2"
        Me.Panel2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(616, 64)
        Me.Panel2.TabIndex = 1
        '
        'Button1
        '
        Me.Button1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Right
        Me.Button1.Font = New System.Drawing.Font( _
            "Microsoft Sans Serif", _
            9.0!, _
            System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, _
            System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, _
            CType(0, Byte))
        Me.Button1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(446, 20)
        Me.Button1.Name = "Button1"
        Me.Button1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(75, 24)
        Me.Button1.TabIndex = 2
        Me.Button1.Text = "&Run"
        '
        'Button2
        '
        Me.Button2.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Right
        Me.Button2.Font = New System.Drawing.Font( _
            "Microsoft Sans Serif", _
            9.0!, _
            System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, _
            System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, _
            CType(0, Byte))
        Me.Button2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(521, 20)
        Me.Button2.Name = "Button2"
        Me.Button2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(75, 24)
        Me.Button2.TabIndex = 3
        Me.Button2.Text = "E&xit"
        '
        'Panel1
        '
        Me.Panel1.Controls.Add(Me.tbxOutput)
        Me.Panel1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill
        Me.Panel1.DockPadding.All = 20
        Me.Panel1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(0, 0)
        Me.Panel1.Name = "Panel1"
        Me.Panel1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(616, 320)
        Me.Panel1.TabIndex = 2
        '
        'tbxOutput
        '
        Me.tbxOutput.AccessibleDescription = _
            "Displays output from application."
        Me.tbxOutput.AccessibleName = "Output textbox."
        Me.tbxOutput.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill
        Me.tbxOutput.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(20, 20)
        Me.tbxOutput.Name = "tbxOutput"
        Me.tbxOutput.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(576, 280)
        Me.tbxOutput.TabIndex = 1
        Me.tbxOutput.Text = "Click the Run button to run the application."
        '
        'Form1
        '
        Me.AutoScaleBaseSize = New System.Drawing.Size(6, 15)
        Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(616, 384)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.Panel1)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.Panel2)
        Me.Name = "Form1"
        Me.Text = "XmlDsigBase64Transform"
        Me.Panel2.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.Panel1.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.ResumeLayout(False)

    End Sub

#End Region
End Class
'
' This sample produces the following output:
'
' Created the following XML Document for transformation: 
' <ContosoMessages xmlns="http://www.contoso.com">Some text to encode.
' Xml representation of the current transform: 
' <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#base64" xmlns=
' "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" />
' Encoding the following message: Some text to encode.
' Message encoded: Jmr^
' Resolved the base Uri and relative Uri to the following:
' http://www.microsoft.com/msdn
' 
' This sample completed successfully; press Exit to continue.

Remarks

Use the XmlDsigBase64Transform object when you need to sign the raw data associated with the encoded content of an element.

The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that describes the XmlDsigBase64Transform object is defined by the XmlDsigBase64TransformUrl field.

For more information about the Base64 decoding transform, see Section 6.6.2 of the W3C XMLDSIG specification.

Constructors

XmlDsigBase64Transform()

Initializes a new instance of the XmlDsigBase64Transform class.

Properties

Algorithm	Gets or sets the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that identifies the algorithm performed by the current transform. (Inherited from Transform)
Context	Gets or sets an XmlElement object that represents the document context under which the current Transform object is running. (Inherited from Transform)
InputTypes	Gets an array of types that are valid inputs to the LoadInput(Object) method of the current XmlDsigBase64Transform object.
OutputTypes	Gets an array of types that are possible outputs from the GetOutput() methods of the current XmlDsigBase64Transform object.
PropagatedNamespaces	Gets or sets a Hashtable object that contains the namespaces that are propagated into the signature. (Inherited from Transform)
Resolver	Sets the current XmlResolver object. (Inherited from Transform)

Methods

Equals(Object)	Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object)
GetDigestedOutput(HashAlgorithm)	When overridden in a derived class, returns the digest associated with a Transform object. (Inherited from Transform)
GetHashCode()	Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object)
GetInnerXml()	Returns an XML representation of the parameters of the XmlDsigBase64Transform object that are suitable to be included as subelements of an XMLDSIG <Transform> element.
GetOutput()	Returns the output of the current XmlDsigBase64Transform object.
GetOutput(Type)	Returns the output of the current XmlDsigBase64Transform object of type Stream.
GetType()	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object)
GetXml()	Returns the XML representation of the current Transform object. (Inherited from Transform)
LoadInnerXml(XmlNodeList)	Parses the specified XmlNodeList object as transform-specific content of a <Transform> element; this method is not supported because the XmlDsigBase64Transform object has no inner XML elements.
LoadInput(Object)	Loads the specified input into the current XmlDsigBase64Transform object.
MemberwiseClone()	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object)
ToString()	Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object)