Create and manage insider risk management policies
Important
Microsoft Purview Insider Risk Management correlates various signals to identify potentially malicious or inadvertent insider risks, such as IP theft, data leakage and security violations. Insider Risk Management enables customers to create policies to manage security and compliance. Built with privacy by design, users are pseudonymized by default, and role-based access controls and audit logs are in place to help ensure user-level privacy.
Insider risk management policies determine which users are in-scope and which types of risk indicators are configured for alerts. You can quickly create a security policy that applies to all users in your organization or define individual users or groups for management in a policy. Policies support content priorities to focus policy conditions on multiple or specific Microsoft Teams, SharePoint sites, data sensitivity types, and data labels. Using templates, you can select specific risk indicators and customize event thresholds for policy indicators, effectively customizing risk scores, and level and frequency of alerts.
You can also configure quick data leak and data theft policies by departing user policies that automatically define policy conditions based on results from the latest analytics. Also, risk score boosters and anomaly detections help identify potentially risky user activity that is of higher importance or unusual. Policy windows allow you to define the time frame to apply the policy to alert activities and are used to determine the duration of the policy once activated.
Check out the Insider Risk Management Policies Configuration video for an overview of how policies created with built-in policy templates can help you to quickly act on potential risks.
Tip
Get started with Microsoft Security Copilot to explore new ways to work smarter and faster using the power of AI. Learn more about Microsoft Security Copilot in Microsoft Purview.
Policy dashboard
The Policy dashboard allows you to quickly see the policies in your organization, the health of the policy, manually add users to security policies, and to view the status of alerts associated with each policy.
- Policy name: Name assigned to the policy in the policy wizard.
- Status: Health status for each policy. Displays number of policy warnings and recommendations, or a status of Healthy for policies without issues. You can select the policy to see the health status details for any warnings or recommendations.
- Active alerts: Number of active alerts for each policy.
- Confirmed alerts: Total number of alerts that resulted in cases from the policy in the last 365 days.
- Actions taken on alerts: Total number of alerts that were confirmed or dismissed for the last 365 days.
- Policy alert effectiveness: Percentage determined by total confirmed alerts divided by total actions taken on alerts (which is the sum of alerts that were confirmed or dismissed over the past year).
Policy recommendations from analytics
Insider risk analytics gives you an aggregate view of anonymized user activities related to security and compliance, enabling you to evaluate potential insider risks in your organization without configuring any insider risk policies. This evaluation can help your organization identify potential areas of higher risk and help determine the type and scope of insider risk management policies you may consider configuring. If you decide to act on analytics scan results for data leaks or data theft by departing users policies, you even have the option to configure a quick policy based on these results.
To learn more about insider risk analytics and policy recommendations, see Insider risk management settings: Analytics.
Note
You must be an unrestricted administrator to access analytics insights. Learn how administrative groups affect permissions.
Quick policies from recommended actions
For many organizations, getting started with an initial policy can be a challenge. If you're new to insider risk management and are using the recommended actions to get started, you can configure a quick policy to expedite a General data leaks or Data theft by departing users policy. Quick policy settings are automatically populated based on results from the latest analytics scan in your organization. For example, if the check detected potential data leak activities, the quick policy would include the indicators used to detect those activities.
To get started, review the quick policy settings and configure the policy with a single selection. If you need to customize a quick policy, you can change the conditions during the initial configuration or after the policy has been created. Also, you can stay up to date with the detection results for a quick policy by configuring email notifications each time you have a policy warning or each time the policy generates a high severity alert.
Note
You must be an unrestricted administrator to create quick policies. Learn how administrative groups affect permissions.
Prioritize content in policies
Insider risk management policies support specifying a higher priority for content depending on where it's stored, the type of content, or how it's classified. You can also choose whether to assign risk scores to all activities detected by a policy or only activities that include priority content. Specifying content as a priority increases the risk score for any associated activity, which in turn increases the chance of generating a high severity alert. However, some activities won't generate an alert at all unless the related content contains built-in or custom sensitive info types or was specified as a priority in the policy.
For example, your organization has a dedicated SharePoint site for a highly confidential project. Data leaks for information in this SharePoint site could compromise the project and would have a significant impact on its success. By prioritizing this SharePoint site in a Data leaks policy, risk scores for qualifying activities are automatically increased. This prioritization increases the likelihood that these activities generate an insider risk alert and raises the severity level for the alert.
Additionally, you can choose to focus this policy for SharePoint site activity that only includes priority content for this project. Risk scores will be assigned and alerts will be generated only when specified activities include priority content. Activities without priority content won't be scored, but you'll still be able to review them if an alert is generated.
Note
If you configure a policy to generate alerts only for activity that includes priority content, no changes are applied to risk score boosters.
When you create an insider risk management policy in the policy wizard, you can choose from the following priorities:
- SharePoint sites: Any activity associated with all file types in defined SharePoint sites is assigned a higher risk score. Users configuring the policy and selecting priority SharePoint sites can select SharePoint sites that they have permission to access. If SharePoint sites aren't available for selection in the policy by the current user, another user with the required permissions can select the sites for the policy later, or the current user should be given access to the required sites.
- Sensitive information types: Any activity associated with content that contains sensitive information types are assigned a higher risk score.
- Sensitivity labels: Any activity associated with content that has specific sensitivity labels applied are assigned a higher risk score.
- File extensions: Any activity associated with content that has specific file extensions. Users configuring a data theft/leak policy that selects File extensions to prioritize in the policy wizard can define up to 50 file extensions to prioritize in the policy. Entered extensions can include or omit a '.' as the first character of the prioritized extension.
- Trainable classifiers: Any activity associated with content that is included in a trainable classifier. Users configuring a policy that selects Trainable classifiers in the policy wizard can select up to 5 trainable classifiers to apply to the policy. These classifiers can be existing classifiers that identify patterns of sensitive information like social security, credit card, or bank account numbers or custom classifiers created in your organization.
Sequence detection
Risk management activities may not occur as isolated events. These risks are frequently part of a larger sequence of events. A sequence is a group of two or more potentially risky activities performed one after the other that might suggest an elevated risk. Identifying these related user activities is an important part of evaluating overall risk. When sequence detection is selected for data theft or data leaks policies, insights from sequence information activities are displayed on the User activity tab within an insider risk management case. The following policy templates support sequence detection:
- Data theft by departing users
- Data leaks
- Data leaks by priority users
- Data leaks by risky users
- Risky AI usage
These insider risk management policies can use specific indicators and the order that they occur to detect each step in a sequence of risk. For policies created from the Data leaks and Data leaks by priority user templates, you can also select which sequences trigger the policy. File names are used when mapping activities across a sequence. These risks are organized into four main categories of activity:
- Collection: Detects download activities by in-scope policy users. Example risk management activities include downloading files from SharePoint sites, third-party cloud services, unallowed domains, or moving files into a compressed folder.
- Exfiltration: Detects sharing or extraction activities to internal and external sources by in-scope policy users. An example risk management activity includes sending emails with attachments from your organization to external recipients.
- Obfuscation: Detects the masking of potentially risky activities by in-scope policy users. An example risk management activity includes renaming files on a device.
- Clean-up: Detects deletion activities by in-scope policy users. An example risk management activity includes deleting files from a device.
Note
Sequence detection uses indicators that are enabled in the global settings for insider risk management. If appropriate indicators are not selected, you'll be able to turn on these indicators in the sequence detection step in the policy wizard.
You can customize individual threshold settings for each sequence detection type when configured in the policy. These threshold settings adjust alerts based on the volume of files associated with the sequence type.
Note
A sequence might contain one or more events that are excluded from risk scoring based on your settings configuration. For example, your organization might use the Global exclusions setting to exclude .png files from risk scoring since .png files aren't normally risky. But a .png file could be used to obfuscate a malicious activity. For this reason, if an event that's excluded from risk scoring is part of a sequence due to an obfuscation activity, the event is included in the sequence since it may be interesting in the context of the sequence. Learn more about how exclusions that are part of a sequence are shown in the Activity explorer.
To learn more about sequence detection management in the User activity view, see Insider risk management cases: User activity.
Cumulative exfiltration detection
With privacy on by default, insider risk indicators help identify unusual levels of risk activities when evaluated daily for users that are in-scope for insider risk policies. Cumulative exfiltration detection uses machine learning models to help you identify when exfiltration activities that a user performs over a certain time exceeds the normal amount performed by users in your organization for the past 30 days over multiple exfiltration activity types. For example, if a user shared more files than most users over the past month, this activity would be detected and classified as a cumulative exfiltration activity.
Insider risk management analysts and investigators may use cumulative exfiltration detection insights to help identify exfiltration activities that may not typically generate alerts but are above what is typical for their organization. Some examples may be departing users slowly exfiltrate data across a range of days, or when users repeatedly share data across multiple channels more than usual for data sharing for your organization, or compared to their peer groups.
Note
By default, cumulative exfiltration detection generates risk scores based on a user's cumulative exfiltration activity compared to their organization norms. You can enable Cumulative exfiltration detection options in the Policy indicators section of the Insider risk management settings page. Higher risk scores are assigned to cumulative exfiltration activities for SharePoint sites, sensitive information types, and content with sensitivity labels configured as priority content in a policy or for activity involving labels configured as high priority in Microsoft Purview Information Protection.
Cumulative exfiltration detection is enabled by default when using the following policy templates:
- Data theft by departing users
- Data leaks
- Data leaks by priority users
- Data leaks by risky users
Peer groups for cumulative exfiltration detection
Insider risk management identifies three types of peer groups for analyzing exfiltration activity performed by users. Peer groups defined for users are based on the following criteria:
SharePoint sites: Insider risk management identifies peer groups based on users who access similar SharePoint sites.
Similar organization: Users with reports and team members based on organization hierarchy. This option requires that your organization uses Microsoft Entra ID to maintain organization hierarchy.
Similar job title: Users with a combination of organizational distance and similar job titles. For example, a user with a Senior Sales Manager title with a similar role designation as a Lead Sales Manager in the same organization would be identified as similar job title. This option requires that your organization uses Microsoft Entra ID to maintain organization hierarchy, role designations, and job titles. If you do not have Microsoft Entra ID configured for organization structure and job titles, then insider risk management identifies peer groups based on common SharePoint sites.
If you enable cumulative exfiltration detection, your organization is agreeing to sharing Microsoft Entra data with the compliance portal, including organization hierarchy and job titles. If your organization does not use Microsoft Entra ID to maintain this information, then detection may be less accurate.
Note
Cumulative exfiltration detection uses exfiltration indicators that are enabled in the global settings for insider risk management and exfiltration indicators that are selected in a policy. As such, cumulative exfiltration detection is only evaluated for the necessary exfiltration indicators selected. Cumulative exfiltration activities for sensitivity labels configured in priority content generate higher risk scores.
When cumulative exfiltration detection is enabled for data theft or data leak policies, insights from cumulative exfiltration activities are displayed on the User activity tab within an insider risk management case. To learn more about user activity management, see Insider risk management cases: User activities.
Policy health
Note
If your policy is scoped by one or more administrative units, you can only view policy health for the policies you're scoped for. If you're an unrestricted administrator, you can view policy health for all policies in the tenant.
The policy health status gives you insights into potential issues with your insider risk management policies. The Status column on the Policies tab can alert you to policies issues that may prevent user activity from being reported or why the number of activity alerts is unusual. The policy health status can also confirm that the policy is healthy and doesn't need attention or configuration changes.
Important
You must have the Insider Risk Management or the Insider Risk Management Admins role to access policy health.
If there are issues with a policy, the policy health status displays notification warnings and recommendations to help you take action to resolve policy issues. These notifications can help you resolve the following issues:
- Policies with incomplete configuration. These issues may include missing users or groups in the policy or other incomplete policy configuration steps.
- Policies with indicator configuration issues. Indicators are an important part of each policy. If indicators aren't configured, or if too few indicators are selected, the policy may not evaluate risky activities as expected.
- Policy triggers aren't working, or policy trigger requirements aren't properly configured. Policy functionality may depend on other services or configuration requirements to effectively detect triggering events to activate risk score assignment to users in the policy. These dependencies may include issues with connector configuration, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alert sharing, or data loss prevention policy configuration settings.
- Volume limits are nearing or over limits. Insider risk management policies use numerous Microsoft 365 services and endpoints to aggregate risk activity signals. Depending on the number of users in your policies, volume limits may delay identification and reporting of risk activities. Learn more about these limits in the Policy template limits section of this article.
To quickly view the health status for a policy, navigate the Policy tab and the Status column. Here you'll see the following policy health status options for each policy:
- Healthy: No issues have been identified with the policy.
- Recommendations: An issue with the policy that may prevent the policy from operating as expected.
- Warnings: An issue with the policy that may prevent it from identifying potentially risky activities.
For more details about any recommendations or warnings, select a policy on the Policy tab to open the policy details card. More information about the recommendations and warnings, including guidance on how to address these issues, is displayed in the Notifications section of the details card.
Notification messages
Use the following table to learn more about recommendations and warning notifications and actions to take to resolve potential issues.
| Notification messages | Policy templates | Causes / Try this action to fix |
|---|---|---|
| Policy isn't assigning risk scores to activity | All policy templates | You may want to review your policy scope and triggering event configuration so that the policy can assign risk scores to activities 1. Review the users that are selected for the policy. If you have few users selected, you may want to select additional users. 2. If you're using an HR connector, check that your HR connector is sending the correct data. 3. If you're using a DLP policy as your triggering event, check your DLP policy configuration to ensure it's configured to be used in this policy. 4. For security violation policies, review the Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alert triage status selected in Insider risk settings > Intelligent detections. Confirm that the alert filter isn't too narrow. |
| Policy hasn't generated any alerts | All policy templates | You may want to review your policy configuration so that you're analyzing the most relevant scoring activity. 1. Confirm that you've selected indicators that you want to score. The more indicators selected, the more activities are assigned risk scores. 2. Review threshold customization for policy. If the thresholds selected don't align with your organization's risk tolerance, adjust the selections so that alerts are created based on your preferred thresholds. 3. Review the users and groups selected for the policy. Confirm you've selected all of the applicable users and groups. 4. For security violation policies, confirm you've selected the alert triage status that you want to score for Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alerts in Intelligent Detections in settings. |
| No users or groups are included in this policy | All policy templates | Users or groups aren't assigned to the policy. Edit your policy and select users or groups for the policy. |
| No indicators have been selected for this policy | All policy templates | Indicators haven't been selected for the policy Edit your policy and select appropriate policy indicators for the policy. |
| No priority user groups are included in this policy | - Data leaks by priority users - Security policy violations by priority users |
Priority user groups aren't assigned to the policy. Configure priority user groups in Insider risk management settings and assign priority user groups to the policy. |
| No triggering event has been selected for this policy | All policy templates | A triggering event isn't configured for the policy Risk scores won't be assigned to user activities until you edit the policy and select a triggering event. |
| HR connector isn't configured or working as expected | - Data theft by departing user - Security policy violations by departing user - Data leaks by risky users - Security policy violations by risky users |
There's an issue with the HR connector. 1. If you're using an HR connector, check that your HR connector is sending correct data OR 2. Select the Microsoft Entra account deleted triggering event. |
| No devices are onboarded | - Data theft by departing users - Data leaks - Data leaks by risky users - Data Leaks by priority users |
Device indicators are selected but there aren't any devices onboarded to the compliance portal Check whether devices are onboarded and meet requirements. |
| HR connector hasn't uploaded data recently | - Data theft by departing user - Security policy violations by departing user - Data leaks by risky users - Security policy violations by risky users |
HR connector hasn't imported data in more than 7 days. Check that your HR connector is configured correctly and sending data. |
| We're unable to check the status of your HR connector right now, please check again later | - Data theft by departing user - Security policy violations by departing user - Data leaks by risky users - Security policy violations by risky users |
The insider risk management solution is unable to check the status of your HR connector. Check that your HR connector is configured correctly and sending data, or come back and check the policy status. |
| DLP policy isn't selected as the triggering event | - Data leaks - Data leaks by priority users |
A DLP policy hasn't been selected as a triggering event or the selected DLP policy has been deleted. Edit the policy and either select an active DLP policy or 'User performs an exfiltration activity' as the triggering event in the policy configuration. |
| DLP policy used in this policy is turned off | - Data leaks - Data leaks by priority users |
DLP policy used in this policy is turned off. 1. Turn the DLP policy assigned to this policy on. OR 2. Edit this policy and either select a new DLP policy or 'User performs an exfiltration activity' as the triggering event in the policy configuration. |
| DLP policy doesn't meet requirements | - Data leaks - Data leaks by priority users |
DLP policies used as triggering events must be configured to generate high severity alerts. 1. Edit your DLP policy to assign applicable alerts as High severity. OR 2. Edit this policy and select User performs an exfiltration activity as the triggering event. |
| Your organization doesn't have a Microsoft Defender for Endpoint subscription | - Security policy violations - Security policy violations by departing users - Security policy violations by risky users - Security policy violations by priority users |
An active Microsoft Defender for Endpoint subscription wasn't detected for your organization. Until a Microsoft Defender for Endpoint subscription is added, these policies won't assign risk scores to user activity. |
| Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alerts aren't being shared with the compliance portal | - Security policy violations - Security policy violations by departing users - Security policy violations by risky users - Security policy violations by priority users |
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alerts aren't being shared with the compliance portal. Configure sharing of Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alerts. |
| You're approaching the maximum limit of users being actively scored for this policy template | All policy templates | Each policy template has a maximum number of in-scope users. See the template limit section details. Review the users in the Users tab and remove any users who don't need to be scored anymore. |
| Triggering event is repeatedly occurring for over 15% of users in this policy | All policy templates | Adjust the triggering event to help reduce how often users are brought into the policy scope. |
Create a new policy
To create a new insider risk management policy, you'll generally use the policy wizard in the Insider risk management solution in the Microsoft Purview compliance portal. You can also create quick policies for general data leaks and data theft by departing users from Analytics checks if applicable.
Complete Step 6: Create an insider risk management policy to configure new insider risk policies.
Update a policy
Select the appropriate tab for the portal you're using. To learn more about the Microsoft Purview portal, see Microsoft Purview portal. To learn more about the Compliance portal, see Microsoft Purview compliance portal.
- Sign in to the Microsoft Purview portal using credentials for an admin account in your Microsoft 365 organization.
- Go to the Insider Risk Management solution.
- Select Policies in the left navigation.
- On the policy dashboard, select the policy you want to update.
- On the policy details page, select Edit policy.
- On the Name and description page, if you want, you can update the description for the policy.
Note
You can't edit the Policy template or Name field.
- Select Next to continue.
- Go to step 7 of the Create a policy procedure.
Copy a policy
You may need to create a new policy that is similar to an existing policy but needs just a few configuration changes. Instead of creating a new policy from scratch, you can copy an existing policy and then modify the areas that need to be updated in the new policy.
Select the appropriate tab for the portal you're using. To learn more about the Microsoft Purview portal, see Microsoft Purview portal. To learn more about the Compliance portal, see Microsoft Purview compliance portal.
- Sign in to the Microsoft Purview portal using credentials for an admin account in your Microsoft 365 organization.
- Go to the Insider Risk Management solution.
- Select Policies in the left navigation.
- On the policy dashboard, select the policy you want to copy.
- On the policy details page, select Copy.
- In the policy wizard, name the new policy, and then update the policy configuration as needed.
Immediately start scoring user activity
There may be scenarios where you need to start assigning risk scores to users with insider risk policies outside of the insider risk management triggering event workflow. Use Start scoring activity for users on the Policies tab to manually add a user (or users) to one or more insider risk policies for a specific amount of time, to start assigning risk scores to their activity, and to bypass the requirement for a user to have a triggering indicator (like a DLP policy match or an Employment End Date from the HR Connector).
The value in the Reason for scoring activity field appears on the users' activity timeline. Users manually added to policies are displayed in the Users dashboard and alerts are created if the activity meets the policy alert thresholds. At any given time, you can have up to 4,000 users in scope that have been manually added using the Start scoring activity for users feature.
Some scenarios where you may want to immediately start scoring user activities include:
- When users are identified with risk concerns and you want to immediately start assigning risk scores to their activity for one or more of your policies.
- When there's an incident that may require you to immediately start assigning risk scores to involved users' activity for one or more of your policies.
- When you haven't configured your HR connector yet, but you want to start assigning risk scores to user activities for HR events by uploading a .csv file.
Note
It may take several hours for manually added users to appear in the Users dashboard. Activities for the previous 90 days for these users may take up to 24 hours to display. To view activities for manually added users, go to the Users tab, select the user on the Users dashboard, and then open the User activity tab on the details pane.
Manually start scoring activity for users in one or more insider risk management policies
Select the appropriate tab for the portal you're using. To learn more about the Microsoft Purview portal, see Microsoft Purview portal. To learn more about the Compliance portal, see Microsoft Purview compliance portal.
Sign in to the Microsoft Purview portal using credentials for an admin account in your Microsoft 365 organization.
Go to the Insider Risk Management solution.
Select Policies in the left navigation.
On the policy dashboard, select the policy or policies you want to add users to.
Select Start scoring activity for users.
In the Add users to multiple policies pane, in the Reason field, add a reason for adding the users.
In the This should last for (choose between 5 and 30 days) field, define the number of days to score the user's activity.
Enter the name of the user you want to add, or use the Search user to add to policies field to search for a user, and then select the user name. Repeat this process to assign additional users. The list of users you select appear in the users section of the Add users to multiple policies pane.
Note
If the policy is scoped by one or more administrative units, you can only see users that you've been scoped for.
To import a list of users, select Import to import a .csv (comma-separated values) file. The file must be in the following format and you must list the user principal names in the file:
user principal name user1@domain.com user2@domain.comSelect Add users to policies to accept the changes.
Stop scoring users in a policy
To stop scoring users in a policy, see the Insider risk management users: Remove users from in-scope assignment to policies article.
Delete a policy
Important
You can't undo a policy deletion.
When you delete a policy, there are two options. You can:
- Delete just the policy.
- Delete the policy and all associated alerts and users.
If you choose the second option:
- All alerts generated by that policy are deleted unless they're associated with a case. Associated cases are never deleted when you delete a policy.
- Any user associated with an alert from that policy is removed from the Users page.
- If a user is in scope of more than one policy, that user is only removed from the policy that is being deleted. They are not removed from other active policies.
For example, let's say that you create a policy for test purposes before rolling it out to your organization. After you've finished testing, you can quickly delete the policy and all associated test data so that you can start fresh when you're ready to push the policy live.
It can take up to 72 hours to complete a policy deletion.
Note
If you delete a policy associated with insider risk management Adaptive Protection, you'll see a warning that Adaptive Protection will stop assigning insider risk levels to users until you choose a different policy in Adaptive Protection. This is because Adaptive Protection must be associated with a policy to be in effect.
To delete a policy
Select the appropriate tab for the portal you're using. To learn more about the Microsoft Purview portal, see Microsoft Purview portal. To learn more about the Compliance portal, see Microsoft Purview compliance portal.
Sign in to the Microsoft Purview portal using credentials for an admin account in your Microsoft 365 organization.
Go to the Insider Risk Management solution.
Select Policies in the left navigation.
On the policy dashboard, select the policy you want to delete.
Select Delete on the dashboard toolbar.
Do one of the following:
- Select Delete only the policy.
- Select Delete the policy and all associated alerts and users.
Important
You can't undo a policy deletion.
Select Confirm.
You'll see a message in the upper part of the screen that tells you if the deletion was successful or whether it's pending.