in~ operator

Applies to: ✅ Microsoft Fabric ✅ Azure Data Explorer ✅ Azure Monitor ✅ Microsoft Sentinel

Filters a record set for data with a case-insensitive string.

The following table provides a comparison of the in operators:

Operator	Description	Case-Sensitive	Example (yields true)
in	Equals to one of the elements	Yes	"abc" in ("123", "345", "abc")
!in	Not equals to any of the elements	Yes	"bca" !in ("123", "345", "abc")
in~	Equals to any of the elements	No	"Abc" in~ ("123", "345", "abc")
!in~	Not equals to any of the elements	No	"bCa" !in~ ("123", "345", "ABC")

Note

Nested arrays are flattened into a single list of values. For example, x in (dynamic([1,[2,3]])) becomes x in (1,2,3).

For further information about other operators and to determine which operator is most appropriate for your query, see datatype string operators.

Case-insensitive operators are currently supported only for ASCII-text. For non-ASCII comparison, use the tolower() function.

Performance tips

Note

When more than 128 search terms are used, text index lookup optimization is disabled, which might lead to reduced query performance.

Note

Performance depends on the type of search and the structure of the data. For best practices, see Query best practices.

When possible, use the case-sensitive in.

Syntax

T | where col in~ (expression, ... )

Learn more about syntax conventions.

Parameters

Name	Type	Required	Description
T	string	✔️	The tabular input to filter.
col	string	✔️	The column by which to filter.
expression	scalar or tabular	✔️	An expression that specifies the values for which to search. Each expression can be a scalar value or a tabular expression that produces a set of values. If a tabular expression has multiple columns, the first column is used. The search will consider up to 1,000,000 distinct values.

Returns

Rows in T for which the predicate is true.

Examples

List of scalars

The following query shows how to use in~ with a comma-separated list of scalar values.

Run the query

StormEvents 
| where State in~ ("FLORIDA", "georgia", "NEW YORK") 
| count

Output

Count
4775

Dynamic array

The following query shows how to use in~ with a dynamic array.

Run the query

StormEvents 
| where State in~ (dynamic(["FLORIDA", "georgia", "NEW YORK"])) 
| count

Output

Count
4775

The same query can also be written with a let statement.

Run the query

let states = dynamic(["FLORIDA", "georgia", "NEW YORK"]);
StormEvents 
| where State has_any (states)
| summarize count() by State

Output

Count
4775

Tabular expression

The following query shows how to use in~ with an inline tabular expression. Notice that an inline tabular expression must be enclosed with double parentheses.

Run the query

StormEvents 
| where State in~ (PopulationData | where Population > 5000000 | project State)
| summarize count() by State

Output

State	count_
TEXAS	4701
ILLINOIS	2022
MISSOURI	2016
GEORGIA	1983
MINNESOTA	1881
...	...

The same query can also be written with a let statement. Notice that the double parentheses as provided in the last example aren't necessary in this case.

Run the query

let large_states = PopulationData | where Population > 5000000 | project State;
StormEvents 
| where State in~ (large_states)
| summarize count() by State

Output

State	count_
TEXAS	4701
ILLINOIS	2022
MISSOURI	2016
GEORGIA	1983
MINNESOTA	1881
...	...