Deleting items by using EWS in Exchange

Find out how you can use the EWS Managed API or EWS in Exchange to delete items either by moving them to the Deleted Items folder or to the dumpster.

Have you ever asked yourself what the difference is between moving items to the Deleted Items folder, and moving them to the dumpster? You might be curious about the different options for handling deleted items and how to implement those options in your application. Exchange Web Services (EWS) includes three options for handling deleted items. This article will hopefully clear up any confusion you might have about the differences between them.

Deleting items - what are my options?

Before you can understand the overall landscape for deleting items, it's important to recognize the difference between the following:

  • The Deleted Items folder - When you delete items in a mailbox, this is where they go.

  • The dumpster (aka the Recoverable Items folder) - When you remove items from a mailbox, this is where they go.

Figures 1 and 2 show what the deletion process looks like for items and folders in a mailbox.

Figure 1. Process for deleting items from a mailbox

An illustration that shows where items go when they are deleted. Deleted items are moved to the Deleted Items folder, and then are moved to the Recoverable Items folder per retention policy, where they expire and are permantently deleted.


Figure 2. Process for deleting folders from a mailbox

An illustration that shows how deleted folders are moved to the Deleted Items folder and then can be permanently deleted from the mailbox.

You can delete items and folders three different ways, depending on how "permanent" you would like the deletion to be.

Table 1: Options for deleting items by using EWS

Option What happens
Move to the Deleted Items folder
This is the least permanent way to delete items.

This is like putting a piece of paper in the recycle bin by your desk. You can easily grab it if you need it again.

You can use any deletion operation that implements the move to the Deleted Items folder option to perform this action.

You can also use the MoveItem operation ( Item.Move()) or the MoveFolder operation ( Folder.Move()) to move an item or folder to the Deleted Items folder.
Soft delete
The item is moved to the Deletions folder in the dumpster.

This is like emptying your recycle bin into your curbside container. You can still access the item if you need to, it's just a little harder.

For more about the dumpster (also called the Recoverable Items folder) and scenarios such as eDiscovery or litigation holds, see Recoverable Items Folder on TechNet.

Soft deletions aren't recommended for applications that target Exchange 2007. In Exchange 2007, soft deletions are handled by setting a bit on the item to indicate that it will be moved to the dumpster at an unspecified time.

Soft delete traversals, or searches of items that have been soft deleted via the FindItem operation, are not supported in Exchange Online, Exchange Online as part of Office 365, and versions of Exchange starting with Exchange 2010.

NOTE: Folders cannot be soft deleted.
Hard delete
The item or folder is permanently deleted.

Hard-deleted items are placed in the Purges folder of the dumpster. This is like when the recycling truck empties your curbside recycle container. The items cannot be accessed from an email client like Outlook or Outlook Web App, and, unless there is a hold set on the mailbox, the items will be permanently deleted after a set period of time.

You can read more about item retention in the article Configure Deleted Item Retention and Recoverable Items Quotas.

NOTE: Folders are not placed in the Purges folder when they are hard deleted. Hard-deleted folders are removed from the mailbox.

The move to the Deleted Items folder and the hard delete options are transactional, which means that by the time the web service call finishes, the item has been moved to the Deleted Items folder or the dumpster.

To help you better understand the ecosystem of folders that are used to store deleted items, the following figure shows the hierarchy of folders that can contain deleted items. The folder names are as they appear in the DistinguishedFolderIdNameType schema type, or the WellKnownFolderName enumeration in the EWS Managed API.

Figure 3. Hierarchy of folders that contain deleted items

A figure that shows the folder hierarchy of folders that can contain deleted items in both a primary and archive mailbox. Each folder in the image is represented by its distinguished folder name.

Table 2: Folders that contain deleted items

Folder name Introduced in Description
deleteditems
Exchange 2007
The default Deleted Items folder. Items remain in this folder until they are soft- or hard-deleted or until a retention period has been exceeded. Then they are moved to a folder in the dumpster. Deleted folders are placed in the Deleted Items folder, and when they are soft- or hard-deleted, they are permanently removed from the mailbox and are not recoverable.
recoverableitemsroot
Exchange 2010
The root of the dumpster, or the Recoverable Items folder. Dumpster access was implemented in EWS in Exchange 2010. The display name for this folder is "Recoverable Items".
recoverableitemsdeletions
Exchange 2010
The main dumpster folder for a mailbox. Soft-deleted items and items moved from the Deleted Items folder by a retention policy are placed in this folder. The display name for this folder is "Deletions".
recoverableitemsversions
Exchange 2010
Where older versions of an item are stored. Old versions of an item are created when an item is updated. Draft item versions are not saved to this folder. The display name of this folder is "Versions".
recoverableitemspurges
Exchange 2010
Where items that are removed from the Deletions folder are stored. All store hard-deleted items are moved to this folder. The display name for this folder is "Purges".
archiveddeletedtitems
Exchange 2010
The default Deleted Items folder for an archive mailbox.
archiverecoverablesitemsroot
Exchange 2010
The root dumpster folder for an archive mailbox. Archived items that are soft-deleted are moved to a subfolder in this folder.
archiverecoverableitemsdeletions
Exchange 2010
The main dumpster folder for an archive mailbox. Archived items moved to the dumpster are placed here.
archiverecoverableitemsversions
Exchange 2010
Where older versions of archived items are stored.
archiverecoverableitemspurges
Exchange 2010
Where items that are hard-deleted from the archive Deletions folder in the dumpster are stored. All store hard-deleted archived items are moved to this folder.

How do I delete items?

Use one of the following to indicate whether to move an item to the Deleted Items folder or perform a soft delete or a hard delete:

  • The DisposalType simple type, if you use EWS to access Exchange.

  • The DeleteMode enumeration, if you use the EWS Managed API.

You can use a number of different EWS operations or EWS Managed API methods to delete items and folders from a mailbox.

Table 3: EWS operations and EWS Managed API methods for deleting items

EWS operation EWS Managed API method Introduced in What it does
DeleteFolder operation
Folder.Delete method
Exchange 2007
Deletes folders from a mailbox. With EWS, you can batch delete folders. With the EWS Managed API, you can only delete a single folder per call.
DeleteItem operation
Item.Delete method

ExchangeService.DeleteItems method
Exchange 2007
Deletes items from a mailbox.
EmptyFolder operation
Folder.Empty method
Exchange 2010
Deletes all the items in a folder, and, optionally, deletes all subfolders in a folder.
ApplyConversationAction operation
Conversation.EnableAlwaysDeleteItems method

Conversation.DeleteItems method
Exchange 2010
Sets a delete processing action on email messages in a conversation so that they are deleted.
DeleteUserConfiguration operation
UserConfiguration.Delete method
Exchange 2010
Deletes a folder associated item and moves it to the dumpster.
CreateItem operation
Appointment.Accept method

Appointment.AcceptTentatively method

Appointment.CancelMeeting method

Appointment.Decline

MeetingRequest.Accept method

MeetingRequest.AcceptTentatively method

MeetingRequest.Decline method
Exchange 2007
Indirectly moves an item to the Deleted Items folder whenever a response to a meeting request is sent or the response is set on the appointment.

The deletion type is not set on this operation. The meeting messages are moved to the Deleted Items folder when a response object is successfully processed by the service.

You can also move items to the Deleted Items folder by using Inbox rules. For example, you can create rules that have a delete action.

Some points to note about deleting items:

  • Deleting an occurrence of a recurring item does not trigger a move to the Deleted Items folder or the dumpster. This results in an update to the recurring master item of the recurring series.

  • You cannot delete default folders from the mailbox.

  • Avoid deleting meetings or meeting messages, such as meeting requests and or meeting updates. Instead, respond to these items by using response objects. This way, the associated calendar items are updated to reflect the responder's or organizer's actions.

  • An item's change key is not updated when the item is moved to the Deleted Items or Deletions folder.

  • If you perform a hard delete on an item and then call a SyncFolderHierarchy operation or SyncFolderHierarchy EWS Managed API method, or a SyncFolderItems operation or SyncFolderItems method, a Delete change entry will be returned. If you move an item to the Deleted Items folder, an Update change entry is returned. This is because the item or folder will have a new ParentFolderId property value. Read more about synchronization if synchronizing deleted items is part of your scenario.

Find out more about deleting items

See also