I found a workaround. I installed the following program:
https://github.com/arp242/find-cursor
and I use the command:
find-cursor --repeat 0 --follow --distance 1 --wait 1000 --line-width 18 --size 18 --color green
(within a script called laser_pointer.sh). It creates a solid green circle which follows my mouse and can be seen when sharing a screen on Teams. Note that the laser pointer will lag a bit behind the actual cursor based on --wait 1000. This lag time forces you to move the cursor slowly, ensuring that viewers will see the motion more clearly on their end.