XObject.Changed Event
Definition
Important
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Raised when this XObject or any of its descendants have changed.
public:
event EventHandler<System::Xml::Linq::XObjectChangeEventArgs ^> ^ Changed;public event EventHandler<System.Xml.Linq.XObjectChangeEventArgs> Changed;member this.Changed : EventHandler<System.Xml.Linq.XObjectChangeEventArgs> Public Custom Event Changed As EventHandler(Of XObjectChangeEventArgs) Event Type
Examples
The following example adds an event handler to the root element of an XML tree. It then modifies the tree, causing LINQ to XML to raise some events.
XElement root = new XElement("Root", "content");
root.Changing += new EventHandler<XObjectChangeEventArgs>(
(sender, cea) =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Changing event raised");
XElement xSender = (XElement)sender;
Console.WriteLine(" Sender: {0}", xSender.Name);
Console.WriteLine(" ObjectChange: {0}", cea.ObjectChange);
}
);
root.Changed += new EventHandler<XObjectChangeEventArgs>(
(sender, cea) =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Changed event raised");
XElement xSender = (XElement)sender;
Console.WriteLine(" Sender: {0}", xSender.Name);
Console.WriteLine(" ObjectChange: {0}", cea.ObjectChange);
}
);
root.Add(new XElement("Child", "child content"));
Module Module1
WithEvents root As XElement = <Root>content</Root>
Sub Main()
root.Add(<Child>child content</Child>)
End Sub
Private Sub root_Changing( _
ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As XObjectChangeEventArgs) _
Handles root.Changing
Dim xSender As XElement = DirectCast(sender, XElement)
Console.WriteLine("Changing event raised")
Console.WriteLine(" Sender: {0}", xSender.Name)
Console.WriteLine(" ObjectChange: {0}", e.ObjectChange)
End Sub
Private Sub root_Changed( _
ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As XObjectChangeEventArgs) _
Handles root.Changed
Dim xSender As XElement = DirectCast(sender, XElement)
Console.WriteLine("Changed event raised")
Console.WriteLine(" Sender: {0}", xSender.Name)
Console.WriteLine(" ObjectChange: {0}", e.ObjectChange)
End Sub
End Module
This example produces the following output:
Changing event raised
Sender: Child
ObjectChange: Add
Changed event raised
Sender: Child
ObjectChange: Add
Events are useful when you want to maintain some aggregate information in an XML tree. For example, you may want maintain an invoice total that is the sum of the line items of the invoice. This example uses events to maintain the total of all of the child elements under the complex element Items.
XElement root = new XElement("Root",
new XElement("Total", 0),
new XElement("Items")
);
XElement total = root.Element("Total");
XElement items = root.Element("Items");
items.Changed += (object sender, XObjectChangeEventArgs cea) =>
{
switch (cea.ObjectChange)
{
case XObjectChange.Add:
if (sender is XElement)
total.Value = ((int)total + (int)(XElement)sender).ToString();
if (sender is XText)
total.Value = ((int)total + (int)((XText)sender).Parent).ToString();
break;
case XObjectChange.Remove:
if (sender is XElement)
total.Value = ((int)total - (int)(XElement)sender).ToString();
if (sender is XText)
total.Value = ((int)total - Int32.Parse(((XText)sender).Value)).ToString();
break;
}
Console.WriteLine("Changed {0} {1}", sender.GetType().ToString(), cea.ObjectChange.ToString());
};
items.SetElementValue("Item1", 25);
items.SetElementValue("Item2", 50);
items.SetElementValue("Item2", 75);
items.SetElementValue("Item3", 133);
items.SetElementValue("Item1", null);
items.SetElementValue("Item4", 100);
Console.WriteLine("Total:{0}", (int)total);
Console.WriteLine(root);
Module Module1
Private total As XElement = Nothing
Private WithEvents items As XElement = Nothing
Private root As XElement = _
<Root>
<Total>0</Total>
<Items></Items>
</Root>
Sub Main()
total = root.<Total>(0)
items = root.<Items>(0)
items.SetElementValue("Item1", 25)
items.SetElementValue("Item2", 50)
items.SetElementValue("Item2", 75)
items.SetElementValue("Item3", 133)
items.SetElementValue("Item1", Nothing)
items.SetElementValue("Item4", 100)
Console.WriteLine("Total:{0}", CInt(total))
Console.WriteLine(root)
End Sub
Private Sub XObjectChanged( _
ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal cea As XObjectChangeEventArgs) _
Handles items.Changed
Select Case cea.ObjectChange
Case XObjectChange.Add
If sender.GetType() Is GetType(XElement) Then
total.Value = CStr(CInt(total.Value) + _
CInt((DirectCast(sender, XElement)).Value))
End If
If sender.GetType() Is GetType(XText) Then
total.Value = CStr(CInt(total.Value) + _
CInt((DirectCast(sender, XText)).Value))
End If
Case XObjectChange.Remove
If sender.GetType() Is GetType(XElement) Then
total.Value = CStr(CInt(total.Value) - _
CInt((DirectCast(sender, XElement)).Value))
End If
If sender.GetType() Is GetType(XText) Then
total.Value = CStr(CInt(total.Value) - _
CInt((DirectCast(sender, XText)).Value))
End If
End Select
Console.WriteLine("Changed {0} {1}", _
sender.GetType().ToString(), _
cea.ObjectChange.ToString())
End Sub
End Module
This code produces the following output:
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XElement Add
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XElement Add
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XText Remove
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XText Add
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XElement Add
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XElement Remove
Changed System.Xml.Linq.XElement Add
Total:308
<Root>
<Total>308</Total>
<Items>
<Item2>75</Item2>
<Item3>133</Item3>
<Item4>100</Item4>
</Items>
</Root>
Remarks
Events are raised only when an XML tree is modified, not when it is constructed. This is because you have to add an event handler to an event before you can receive events, and you cannot add an event handler before you have a reference to an XObject. You cannot get a reference to an XObject before the XML tree is constructed. This means that during functional construction of an XML tree, you will not receive events.
You should be careful when modifying an XML tree within one of these events, because doing this might lead to unexpected results. For example, if you receive a Changing event, and while the event is being processed you remove the node from the tree, you might not receive the Changed event. When an event is being processed, it is valid to modify an XML tree other than the one that contains the node that is receiving the event; it is even valid to modify the same tree provided the modifications do not affect the specific nodes on which the event was raised. However, if you modify the area of the tree that contains the node receiving the event, the events that you receive and the impact to the tree are undefined.
