BigInteger.LeftShift(BigInteger, Int32) Operator

Reference

Definition

Namespace:: System.Numerics

Assembly:: System.Runtime.Numerics.dll

Assembly:: System.Numerics.dll

Assembly:: netstandard.dll

Source:: BigInteger.cs

Source:: BigInteger.cs

Source:: BigInteger.cs

Important

Some information relates to prerelease product that may be substantially modified before it’s released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here.

Shifts a BigInteger value a specified number of bits to the left.

public:
 static System::Numerics::BigInteger operator <<(System::Numerics::BigInteger value, int shift);

public:
 static System::Numerics::BigInteger operator <<(System::Numerics::BigInteger value, int shift) = System::Numerics::IShiftOperators<System::Numerics::BigInteger, int, System::Numerics::BigInteger>::op_LeftShift;

public static System.Numerics.BigInteger operator << (System.Numerics.BigInteger value, int shift);

static member ( <<< ) : System.Numerics.BigInteger * int -> System.Numerics.BigInteger

Public Shared Operator << (value As BigInteger, shift As Integer) As BigInteger

Parameters

value: BigInteger

The value whose bits are to be shifted.

shift: Int32

The number of bits to shift value to the left.

Returns

BigInteger

A value that has been shifted to the left by the specified number of bits.

Implements

LeftShift(TSelf, TOther)

Remarks

The LeftShift method defines the operation of the bitwise left-shift operator for BigInteger values. It enables code such as the following:

BigInteger number = BigInteger.Parse("-9047321678449816249999312055");
Console.WriteLine("Shifting {0} left by:", number);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 16; ctr++)
{
   BigInteger newNumber = number << ctr;
   Console.WriteLine(" {0,2} bits: {1,35} {2,30}",
                     ctr, newNumber, newNumber.ToString("X"));
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    Shifting -9047321678449816249999312055 left by:
//      0 bits:       -9047321678449816249999312055       E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49
//      1 bits:      -18094643356899632499998624110       C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692
//      2 bits:      -36189286713799264999997248220       8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24
//      3 bits:      -72378573427598529999994496440      F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48
//      4 bits: -1.4475714685519705999998899288E+29      E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490
//      5 bits: -2.8951429371039411999997798576E+29      C588763A1ADE0FA5983F76920
//      6 bits: -5.7902858742078823999995597152E+29      8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED240
//      7 bits:  -1.158057174841576479999911943E+30     F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA480
//      8 bits: -2.3161143496831529599998238861E+30     E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB4900
//      9 bits: -4.6322286993663059199996477722E+30     C588763A1ADE0FA5983F769200
//     10 bits: -9.2644573987326118399992955443E+30     8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED2400
//     11 bits: -1.8528914797465223679998591089E+31    F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA4800
//     12 bits: -3.7057829594930447359997182177E+31    E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49000
//     13 bits: -7.4115659189860894719994364355E+31    C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692000
//     14 bits: -1.4823131837972178943998872871E+32    8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24000
//     15 bits: -2.9646263675944357887997745742E+32   F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48000
//     16 bits: -5.9292527351888715775995491484E+32   E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490000

    let number = BigInteger.Parse "-9047321678449816249999312055"
    printfn $"Shifting {number} left by:"

    for ctr = 0 to 16 do
        let newNumber = number <<< ctr
        printfn $" {ctr, 2} bits: {newNumber, 35} {newNumber:X}"
// The example displays the following output:
//    Shifting -9047321678449816249999312055 left by:
//      0 bits:       -9047321678449816249999312055       E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49
//      1 bits:      -18094643356899632499998624110       C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692
//      2 bits:      -36189286713799264999997248220       8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24
//      3 bits:      -72378573427598529999994496440      F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48
//      4 bits: -1.4475714685519705999998899288E+29      E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490
//      5 bits: -2.8951429371039411999997798576E+29      C588763A1ADE0FA5983F76920
//      6 bits: -5.7902858742078823999995597152E+29      8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED240
//      7 bits:  -1.158057174841576479999911943E+30     F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA480
//      8 bits: -2.3161143496831529599998238861E+30     E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB4900
//      9 bits: -4.6322286993663059199996477722E+30     C588763A1ADE0FA5983F769200
//     10 bits: -9.2644573987326118399992955443E+30     8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED2400
//     11 bits: -1.8528914797465223679998591089E+31    F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA4800
//     12 bits: -3.7057829594930447359997182177E+31    E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49000
//     13 bits: -7.4115659189860894719994364355E+31    C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692000
//     14 bits: -1.4823131837972178943998872871E+32    8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24000
//     15 bits: -2.9646263675944357887997745742E+32   F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48000
//     16 bits: -5.9292527351888715775995491484E+32   E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490000

Dim number As BigInteger = BigInteger.Parse("-9047321678449816249999312055")
Console.WriteLine("Shifting {0} left by:", number)
For ctr As Integer = 0 To 16
   Dim newNumber As BigInteger = number << ctr
   Console.WriteLine(" {0,2} bits: {1,35} {2,30}", ctr, newNumber, newNumber.ToString("X"))
Next
' The example displays the following output:
'    Shifting -9047321678449816249999312055 left by:
'      0 bits:       -9047321678449816249999312055       E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49
'      1 bits:      -18094643356899632499998624110       C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692
'      2 bits:      -36189286713799264999997248220       8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24
'      3 bits:      -72378573427598529999994496440      F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48
'      4 bits: -1.4475714685519705999998899288E+29      E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490
'      5 bits: -2.8951429371039411999997798576E+29      C588763A1ADE0FA5983F76920
'      6 bits: -5.7902858742078823999995597152E+29      8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED240
'      7 bits:  -1.158057174841576479999911943E+30     F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA480
'      8 bits: -2.3161143496831529599998238861E+30     E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB4900
'      9 bits: -4.6322286993663059199996477722E+30     C588763A1ADE0FA5983F769200
'     10 bits: -9.2644573987326118399992955443E+30     8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED2400
'     11 bits: -1.8528914797465223679998591089E+31    F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA4800
'     12 bits: -3.7057829594930447359997182177E+31    E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49000
'     13 bits: -7.4115659189860894719994364355E+31    C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692000
'     14 bits: -1.4823131837972178943998872871E+32    8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24000
'     15 bits: -2.9646263675944357887997745742E+32   F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48000
'     16 bits: -5.9292527351888715775995491484E+32   E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490000

Note

Unlike the bitwise left-shift operation with integer primitives, the LeftShift method preserves the sign of the original BigInteger value.

Languages that do not support custom operators can perform a bitwise left-shift operation by multiplying value by BigInteger.Pow(2, shift). The following example shows that the results are identical to the results of using this operator.

BigInteger number = BigInteger.Parse("-9047321678449816249999312055");
Console.WriteLine("Shifting {0} left by:", number);
for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 16; ctr++)
{
   BigInteger newNumber = BigInteger.Multiply(number, BigInteger.Pow(2, ctr));
   Console.WriteLine(" {0,2} bits: {1,35} {2,30}",
                     ctr, newNumber, newNumber.ToString("X"));
}
// The example displays the following output:
//    Shifting -9047321678449816249999312055 left by:
//      0 bits:       -9047321678449816249999312055       E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49
//      1 bits:      -18094643356899632499998624110       C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692
//      2 bits:      -36189286713799264999997248220       8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24
//      3 bits:      -72378573427598529999994496440      F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48
//      4 bits: -1.4475714685519705999998899288E+29      E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490
//      5 bits: -2.8951429371039411999997798576E+29      C588763A1ADE0FA5983F76920
//      6 bits: -5.7902858742078823999995597152E+29      8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED240
//      7 bits:  -1.158057174841576479999911943E+30     F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA480
//      8 bits: -2.3161143496831529599998238861E+30     E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB4900
//      9 bits: -4.6322286993663059199996477722E+30     C588763A1ADE0FA5983F769200
//     10 bits: -9.2644573987326118399992955443E+30     8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED2400
//     11 bits: -1.8528914797465223679998591089E+31    F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA4800
//     12 bits: -3.7057829594930447359997182177E+31    E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49000
//     13 bits: -7.4115659189860894719994364355E+31    C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692000
//     14 bits: -1.4823131837972178943998872871E+32    8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24000
//     15 bits: -2.9646263675944357887997745742E+32   F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48000
//     16 bits: -5.9292527351888715775995491484E+32   E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490000

    let number = BigInteger.Parse "-9047321678449816249999312055"
    printfn $"Shifting {number} left by:"

    for ctr = 0 to 16 do
        let newNumber = number * BigInteger.Pow(2, ctr)
        printfn $" {ctr, 2} bits: {newNumber, 35} {newNumber:X}"
// The example displays the following output:
//    Shifting -9047321678449816249999312055 left by:
//      0 bits:       -9047321678449816249999312055       E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49
//      1 bits:      -18094643356899632499998624110       C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692
//      2 bits:      -36189286713799264999997248220       8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24
//      3 bits:      -72378573427598529999994496440      F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48
//      4 bits: -1.4475714685519705999998899288E+29      E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490
//      5 bits: -2.8951429371039411999997798576E+29      C588763A1ADE0FA5983F76920
//      6 bits: -5.7902858742078823999995597152E+29      8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED240
//      7 bits:  -1.158057174841576479999911943E+30     F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA480
//      8 bits: -2.3161143496831529599998238861E+30     E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB4900
//      9 bits: -4.6322286993663059199996477722E+30     C588763A1ADE0FA5983F769200
//     10 bits: -9.2644573987326118399992955443E+30     8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED2400
//     11 bits: -1.8528914797465223679998591089E+31    F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA4800
//     12 bits: -3.7057829594930447359997182177E+31    E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49000
//     13 bits: -7.4115659189860894719994364355E+31    C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692000
//     14 bits: -1.4823131837972178943998872871E+32    8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24000
//     15 bits: -2.9646263675944357887997745742E+32   F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48000
//     16 bits: -5.9292527351888715775995491484E+32   E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490000

Dim number As BigInteger = BigInteger.Parse("-9047321678449816249999312055")
Console.WriteLine("Shifting {0} left by:", number)
For ctr As Integer = 0 To 16
   Dim newNumber As BigInteger = BigInteger.Multiply(number, BigInteger.Pow(2, ctr))
   Console.WriteLine(" {0,2} bits: {1,35} {2,30}", 
                     ctr, newNumber, newNumber.ToString("X"))
Next
' The example displays the following output:
'    Shifting -9047321678449816249999312055 left by:
'      0 bits:       -9047321678449816249999312055       E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49
'      1 bits:      -18094643356899632499998624110       C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692
'      2 bits:      -36189286713799264999997248220       8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24
'      3 bits:      -72378573427598529999994496440      F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48
'      4 bits: -1.4475714685519705999998899288E+29      E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490
'      5 bits: -2.8951429371039411999997798576E+29      C588763A1ADE0FA5983F76920
'      6 bits: -5.7902858742078823999995597152E+29      8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED240
'      7 bits:  -1.158057174841576479999911943E+30     F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA480
'      8 bits: -2.3161143496831529599998238861E+30     E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB4900
'      9 bits: -4.6322286993663059199996477722E+30     C588763A1ADE0FA5983F769200
'     10 bits: -9.2644573987326118399992955443E+30     8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED2400
'     11 bits: -1.8528914797465223679998591089E+31    F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA4800
'     12 bits: -3.7057829594930447359997182177E+31    E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB49000
'     13 bits: -7.4115659189860894719994364355E+31    C588763A1ADE0FA5983F7692000
'     14 bits: -1.4823131837972178943998872871E+32    8B10EC7435BC1F4B307EED24000
'     15 bits: -2.9646263675944357887997745742E+32   F1621D8E86B783E9660FDDA48000
'     16 bits: -5.9292527351888715775995491484E+32   E2C43B1D0D6F07D2CC1FBB490000

Applies to

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