每日觸發程式範例 (C++)
此 C++ 範例示範如何建立排程每天執行記事本的工作。 此工作包含每日觸發程式，指定要啟動工作的開始界限和一天間隔。 此範例也會示範如何設定重複模式，讓觸發程式重複工作。 此工作也包含一個動作，指定要執行記事本的工作。
下列程式描述如何排程工作以每天啟動可執行檔。
若要排程記事本每天啟動
初始化 COM 並設定一般 COM 安全性。
建立 ITaskService 物件。
此物件可讓您在指定的資料夾中建立工作。
取得工作資料夾以建立工作。
使用 ITaskService：：GetFolder 方法來取得資料夾，並使用 ITaskService：：NewTask 方法建立 ITaskDefinition 物件。
使用 ITaskDefinition 物件定義工作的相關資訊，例如工作的註冊資訊。
使用 ITaskDefinition 的 RegistrationInfo 屬性 ，以及 ITaskDefinition 介面的其他屬性來定義工作資訊。
使用 ITaskDefinition 的 Triggers 屬性 建立每日觸發程式，以存取工作的 ITriggerCollection 介面。
使用 ITriggerCollection：：Create 方法來指定您想要建立每日觸發程式。 您可以設定觸發程式的開始界限和天數間隔，讓工作的動作排定在特定日期的指定時間執行。 此範例也會示範如何設定重複模式，讓觸發程式重複工作。
使用 ITaskDefinition 的 Actions 屬性 來存取工作的 IActionCollection 介面，建立要執行的動作。
使用 IActionCollection：：Create 方法來指定您想要建立的動作類型。 這個範例會使用 IExecAction 物件，代表執行命令列作業的動作。
使用 ITaskFolder：：RegisterTaskDefinition 方法註冊工作。
下列 C++ 範例示範如何排程工作每天執行記事本。
/********************************************************************
This sample schedules a task to start on a daily basis.
********************************************************************/
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <comdef.h>
#include <wincred.h>
// Include the task header file.
#include <taskschd.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "taskschd.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comsupp.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "credui.lib")
using namespace std;
int __cdecl wmain()
{
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM.
HRESULT hr = CoInitializeEx(NULL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeEx failed: %x", hr );
return 1;
}
// Set general COM security levels.
hr = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1,
NULL,
NULL,
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT_PRIVACY,
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,
NULL,
0,
NULL);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCoInitializeSecurity failed: %x", hr );
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create a name for the task.
LPCWSTR wszTaskName = L"Daily Trigger Test Task";
// Get the windows directory and set the path to notepad.exe.
wstring wstrExecutablePath = _wgetenv( L"WINDIR");
wstrExecutablePath += L"\\SYSTEM32\\NOTEPAD.EXE";
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Create an instance of the Task Service.
ITaskService *pService = NULL;
hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_TaskScheduler,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_ITaskService,
(void**)&pService );
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to create an instance of ITaskService: %x", hr);
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Connect to the task service.
hr = pService->Connect(_variant_t(), _variant_t(),
_variant_t(), _variant_t());
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("ITaskService::Connect failed: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the pointer to the root task folder. This folder will hold the
// new task that is registered.
ITaskFolder *pRootFolder = NULL;
hr = pService->GetFolder( _bstr_t( L"\\") , &pRootFolder );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("Cannot get Root Folder pointer: %x", hr );
pService->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// If the same task exists, remove it.
pRootFolder->DeleteTask( _bstr_t( wszTaskName), 0 );
// Create the task builder object to create the task.
ITaskDefinition *pTask = NULL;
hr = pService->NewTask( 0, &pTask );
pService->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if (FAILED(hr))
{
printf("Failed to CoCreate an instance of the TaskService class: %x", hr);
pRootFolder->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the registration info for setting the identification.
IRegistrationInfo *pRegInfo= NULL;
hr = pTask->get_RegistrationInfo( &pRegInfo );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get identification pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRegInfo->put_Author( _bstr_t(L"Author Name") );
pRegInfo->Release(); // COM clean up. Pointer is no longer used.
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put identification info: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Get the trigger collection to insert the daily trigger.
ITriggerCollection *pTriggerCollection = NULL;
hr = pTask->get_Triggers( &pTriggerCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get trigger collection: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add the daily trigger to the task.
ITrigger *pTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTriggerCollection->Create( TASK_TRIGGER_DAILY, &pTrigger );
pTriggerCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create the trigger: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IDailyTrigger *pDailyTrigger = NULL;
hr = pTrigger->QueryInterface(
IID_IDailyTrigger, (void**) &pDailyTrigger );
pTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call on IDailyTrigger failed: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_Id( _bstr_t( L"Trigger1" ) );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put trigger ID: %x", hr);
// Set the task to start daily at a certain time. The time
// format should be YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS(+-)(timezone).
// For example, the start boundary below
// is January 1st 2005 at 12:05
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_StartBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2005-01-01T12:05:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put start boundary: %x", hr);
// Set the time when the trigger is deactivated.
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_EndBoundary( _bstr_t(L"2007-05-02T12:05:00") );
if( FAILED(hr) )
printf("\nCannot put the end boundary: %x", hr);
// Define the interval for the daily trigger. An interval of 2 produces an
// every other day schedule
hr = pDailyTrigger->put_DaysInterval( (short)2 );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put days interval: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pDailyTrigger->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Add a repetition to the trigger so that it repeats
// five times.
IRepetitionPattern *pRepetitionPattern = NULL;
hr = pDailyTrigger->get_Repetition( &pRepetitionPattern );
pDailyTrigger->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get repetition pattern: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRepetitionPattern->put_Duration( _bstr_t(L"PT4M"));
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put repetition duration: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pRepetitionPattern->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
hr = pRepetitionPattern->put_Interval( _bstr_t(L"PT1M"));
pRepetitionPattern->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put repetition interval: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Add an action to the task. This task will execute notepad.exe.
IActionCollection *pActionCollection = NULL;
// Get the task action collection pointer.
hr = pTask->get_Actions( &pActionCollection );
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot get task collection pointer: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Create the action, specifying that it is an executable action.
IAction *pAction = NULL;
hr = pActionCollection->Create( TASK_ACTION_EXEC, &pAction );
pActionCollection->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot create action: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
IExecAction *pExecAction = NULL;
hr = pAction->QueryInterface(
IID_IExecAction, (void**) &pExecAction );
pAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nQueryInterface call failed for IExecAction: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Set the path of the executable to notepad.exe.
hr = pExecAction->put_Path( _bstr_t( wstrExecutablePath.c_str() ) );
pExecAction->Release();
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nCannot put the executable path: %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Securely get the user name and password. The task will
// be created to run with the credentials from the supplied
// user name and password.
CREDUI_INFO cui;
TCHAR pszName[CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH] = TEXT("");
TCHAR pszPwd[CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH] = TEXT("");
BOOL fSave;
DWORD dwErr;
cui.cbSize = sizeof(CREDUI_INFO);
cui.hwndParent = NULL;
// Ensure that MessageText and CaptionText identify
// what credentials to use and which application requires them.
cui.pszMessageText = TEXT("Account information for task registration:");
cui.pszCaptionText = TEXT("Enter Account Information for Task Registration");
cui.hbmBanner = NULL;
fSave = FALSE;
// Create the UI asking for the credentials.
dwErr = CredUIPromptForCredentials(
&cui, // CREDUI_INFO structure
TEXT(""), // Target for credentials
NULL, // Reserved
0, // Reason
pszName, // User name
CREDUI_MAX_USERNAME_LENGTH, // Max number for user name
pszPwd, // Password
CREDUI_MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH, // Max number for password
&fSave, // State of save check box
CREDUI_FLAGS_GENERIC_CREDENTIALS | // Flags
CREDUI_FLAGS_ALWAYS_SHOW_UI |
CREDUI_FLAGS_DO_NOT_PERSIST);
if(dwErr)
{
cout << "Did not get credentials." << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Save the task in the root folder.
IRegisteredTask *pRegisteredTask = NULL;
hr = pRootFolder->RegisterTaskDefinition(
_bstr_t( wszTaskName ),
pTask,
TASK_CREATE_OR_UPDATE,
_variant_t(_bstr_t(pszName)),
_variant_t(_bstr_t(pszPwd)),
TASK_LOGON_PASSWORD,
_variant_t(L""),
&pRegisteredTask);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
printf("\nError saving the Task : %x", hr );
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName));
SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd));
return 1;
}
printf("\n Success! Task successfully registered. " );
// Clean up
pRootFolder->Release();
pTask->Release();
pRegisteredTask->Release();
CoUninitialize();
SecureZeroMemory(pszName, sizeof(pszName));
SecureZeroMemory(pszPwd, sizeof(pszPwd));
return 0;
}
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