擷取計數器名稱和解說文字

發行項
06/12/2023

效能資料包含您用來尋找每個已註冊物件和計數器的名稱和解說文字的索引值。 PERF_OBJECT_TYPE結構的ObjectNameTitleIndex和ObjectHelpTitleIndex成員分別包含物件名稱和解說文字的索引值，以及PERF_COUNTER_DEFINITION結構的CounterNameTitleIndex 和 CounterHelpTitleIndex成員分別包含計數器名稱和解說文字的索引值。

若要擷取名稱或解說文字，請呼叫 RegQueryValueEx 函式。將 hKey 參數設定為下列其中一個預先定義的金鑰。一般而言，您會使用 HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT 金鑰，因此您不需要判斷使用者的語言識別項。

Key	描述
HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA	根據您在 lpValueName 參數中指定的語言識別項值來查詢字串。將lpValueName參數設定為「Counter < langid」或「Help < langid >> 」以分別擷取名稱或解說文字，其中「 < langid > 」是格式化為零位 3 位數十六進位數位的系統語言識別項。語言識別項是選擇性的。如果您未指定語言識別項，函式會傳回英文字串。 `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Perflib`請檢查登錄機碼，以取得系統上可用的語言清單。若要擷取大部分語言的文字，請只指定主要語言識別項。例如，若要擷取英文字串，請將語言識別項指定為 009，而不是英文-US 的 1033。若要擷取中文和葡萄牙文文字，請同時指定主要和子語言識別項。 Windows Server 2003 和 Windows XP：只指定葡萄牙文的主要語言識別項。 Windows 10：具有自訂語言識別項的「Help < langid > 」文字一律會以英文傳回字串，不過仍可使用上述機碼從登錄擷取當地語系化值。
HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT	根據目前使用者的預設 UI 語言查詢字串。將 lpValueName 參數設定為「Counter」或「Help」，分別擷取名稱或解說文字。
HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT	查詢英文字串。將 lpValueName 參數設定為「Counter」或「Help」，分別擷取名稱或解說文字。

函式會將資料當做字串清單傳回。每個字串都是以 Null 結尾。最後一個字串後面接著額外的 Null 結束字元。字串會以配對方式列出。每個配對的第一個字串是索引，第二個字串是與索引相關聯的文字。計數器資料只會使用偶數索引，而協助資料則使用奇數索引。配對會以遞增的索引順序傳回。

下列清單顯示計數器和說明資料的範例。將指定計數器的索引值遞增一個，可提供計數器解說文字的索引。例如，7 是與計數器索引 6 相關聯的說明索引。

計數器資料組。

2 系統 4 記憶體 6 % 處理器時間

協助資料組。

3 System 物件類型包含 ...5 Memory 物件類型包含 ...7 處理器時間是以 ... 的百分比表示

請注意，計數器資料中的第一組字串不會識別計數器名稱，而且可以忽略。第一組的索引編號是 1，而字串是數值字串，代表系統計數器的最大索引值。

如需提供者如何載入名稱和解說文字的資訊，請參閱將計數器名稱和描述新增至登錄。

文字中沒有資訊，指出文字是否識別計數器或效能物件。判斷這個或計數器與物件之間的關聯性的唯一方法是查詢效能資料本身。例如，如果您想要在使用者介面中顯示物件及其計數器的清單，則必須擷取效能資料，然後使用索引值來剖析字串的文字資料。如需執行此動作的範例，請參閱顯示物件、實例和計數器名稱。

下列範例示範如何使用 HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT 來擷取計數器，並協助文字並建置資料表以供後續存取。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")

LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource);
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets);
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource);
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets);

void wmain(void)
{
    LPWSTR pCounterTextHead = NULL; // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Counter text.
    LPWSTR pHelpTextHead = NULL;    // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Help text.
    LPDWORD pTextOffsets = NULL;    // Array of DWORDS that contain the offsets to the text in
                                    // pCounterTextHead and pHelpTextHead. The text index
                                    // values mirror the array index.
    DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets = 0;    // Number of elements in the pTextOffsets array.


    pCounterTextHead = GetText(L"Counter");
    if (NULL == pCounterTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Counter\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    pHelpTextHead = GetText(L"Help");
    if (NULL == pHelpTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Help\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (BuildTextTable(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, &pTextOffsets, &dwNumberOfOffsets))
    {
        PrintCounterAndHelpText(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, pTextOffsets, dwNumberOfOffsets);
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"BuildTextTable failed.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    if (pCounterTextHead)
        free(pCounterTextHead);

    if (pHelpTextHead)
        free(pHelpTextHead);

    if (pTextOffsets)
        free(pTextOffsets);

    // You do not need to call RegCloseKey if you are only
    // retrieving names and help text.
}


// Get the text based on the source value. This function uses the
// HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT key to get the strings.
LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    LPWSTR pBuffer = NULL;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;

    // Query the size of the text data so you can allocate the buffer.
    status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT, pwszSource, NULL, NULL, NULL, &dwBufferSize);
    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed getting required buffer size. Error is 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // Allocate the text buffer and query the text.
    pBuffer = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
    if (pBuffer)
    {
        status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT, pwszSource, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)pBuffer, &dwBufferSize);
        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
        {
            wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
            free(pBuffer);
            pBuffer = NULL;
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"malloc failed to allocate memory.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    return pBuffer;
}


// Build a table of offsets into the counter and help text buffers. Use the index
// values from the performance data queries to access the offsets.
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets)
{
    BOOL fSuccess = FALSE;
    LPWSTR pwszCounterText = NULL;  // Used to cycle through the Counter text
    LPWSTR pwszHelpText = NULL;     // Used to cycle through the Help text
    LPDWORD pOffsets = NULL;
    DWORD dwCounterIndex = 0;       // Index value of the Counter text
    DWORD dwHelpIndex = 0;          // Index value of the Help text
    DWORD dwSize = 0;               // Size of the block of memory that holds the offset array


    pwszCounterText = pCounterHead;
    pwszHelpText = pHelpHead;

    *pNumberOfOffsets = GetNumberOfTextEntries(L"Last Help");
    if (0 == *pNumberOfOffsets)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetNumberOfTextEntries failed; returned 0 for number of entries.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    dwSize = sizeof(DWORD) * (*pNumberOfOffsets + 1);  // Add one to make the array one-based

    pOffsets = (LPDWORD)malloc(dwSize);
    if (pOffsets)
    {
        ZeroMemory(pOffsets, dwSize);
        *pOffsetsHead = pOffsets;

        // Bypass first record (pair) of the counter data - contains upper bounds of system counter index.
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);

        for (; *pwszCounterText; pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1))
        {
            dwCounterIndex = _wtoi(pwszCounterText);
            dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);

            // Use the counter's index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the counter text in the array element.
            pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);  //Skip past index value
            pOffsets[dwCounterIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszCounterText - pCounterHead);

            // Some help indexes for system counters do not have a matching counter, so loop
            // until you find the matching help index or the index is greater than the corresponding
            // counter index. For example, if the indexes were as follows, you would loop
            // until the help index was 11.
            //
            // Counter index       Help Index
            //   2                    3
            //   4                    5
            //   6                    7
            //                        9   (skip because there is no matching Counter index)
            //   10                   11
            while (*pwszHelpText && dwHelpIndex < dwCounterIndex)
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past index value
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past help text to the next index value
                dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);
            }

            // Use the Help index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the help text in the array element.
            if (dwHelpIndex == (dwCounterIndex + 1))
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past index value
                pOffsets[dwHelpIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszHelpText - pHelpHead);
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past help text to next index value
            }
        }

        fSuccess = TRUE;
    }

cleanup:

    return fSuccess;
}


// Retrieve the last help index used from the registry. Use this number
// to allocate an array of DWORDs. Note that index values are not contiguous.
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    DWORD dwEntries = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    HKEY hkey = NULL;
    DWORD dwSize = sizeof(DWORD);
    LPWSTR pwszMessage = NULL;

    status = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
        L"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Perflib",
        0,
        KEY_READ,
        &hkey);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegOpenKeyEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    status = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, pwszSource, NULL, 0, (LPBYTE)&dwEntries, &dwSize);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
    }

cleanup:

    if (hkey)
        RegCloseKey(hkey);

    return dwEntries;
}


// Print the pairs of counter and help text.
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets)
{    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(dwNumberOfOffsets);
    // Counter index values are even numbers that start at 2 so begin with
    // the second element of the array of offsets. Many array elements will
    // not contain offset values (index values are not contiguous).

    // There is typically a large number of counters, so this example prints
    // the first 10 counters and help text.
    //for (DWORD i = 2; i < (dwNumberOfOffsets+1); i++)

    for (DWORD i = 2; i < 22; i++)
    {
        if (pTextOffsets[i]) // If index offset is not zero
        {
            if (0 == (i % 2)) // Counter text index (even number)
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n", i, pCounterTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
            else
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n\n", i, pHelpTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
        }
    }
}

下列範例示範如何使用 HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA 來擷取計數器文字。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strsafe.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")

LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource);
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets);
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource);
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets);
LANGID GetLanguageId();

void wmain(void)
{
    LPWSTR pCounterTextHead = NULL; // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Counter text.
    LPWSTR pHelpTextHead = NULL;    // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Help text.
    LPDWORD pTextOffsets = NULL;    // Array of DWORDS that contain the offsets to the text in
                                    // pCounterTextHead and pHelpTextHead. The text index
                                    // values mirror the array index.
    DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets = 0;    // Number of elements in the pTextOffsets array.

    pCounterTextHead = GetText(L"Counter");
    if (NULL == pCounterTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Counter\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    pHelpTextHead = GetText(L"Help");
    if (NULL == pHelpTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Help\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (BuildTextTable(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, &pTextOffsets, &dwNumberOfOffsets))
    {
        PrintCounterAndHelpText(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, pTextOffsets, dwNumberOfOffsets);
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"BuildTextTable failed.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    if (pCounterTextHead)
        free(pCounterTextHead);

    if (pHelpTextHead)
        free(pHelpTextHead);

    if (pTextOffsets)
        free(pTextOffsets);

    // You do not need to call RegCloseKey if you are only
    // retrieving names and help text.
}


// Get the text based on the source value. This function uses the
// HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA key to get the strings.
LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    LPWSTR pBuffer = NULL;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    LANGID langid = 0;
    WCHAR wszSourceAndLangId[15];   // Identifies the source of the text; either
                                    // "Counter <langid>" or "Help <langid>"


    // Create the lpValueName string for the registry query.
    langid = GetLanguageId();
    if (0 == langid)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetLanguageId failed to get the default language identifier.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    StringCchPrintf(wszSourceAndLangId, 15, L"%s %03x", pwszSource, langid);

    // Query the size of the text data so you can allocate the buffer.
    status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA, wszSourceAndLangId, NULL, NULL, NULL, &dwBufferSize);
    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed getting required buffer size. Error is 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // Allocate the text buffer and query the text.
    pBuffer = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
    if (pBuffer)
    {
        status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA, wszSourceAndLangId, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)pBuffer, &dwBufferSize);
        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
        {
            wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
            free(pBuffer);
            pBuffer = NULL;
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"malloc failed to allocate memory.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    return pBuffer;
}


// Retrieve the default language identifier of the current user. For most languages,
// you use the primary language identifier only to retrieve the text. In Windows XP and
// Windows Server 2003, you use the complete language identifier to retrieve Chinese
// text. In Windows Vista, you use the complete language identifier to retrieve Portuguese
// text.
LANGID GetLanguageId()
{
    LANGID langid = 0;  // Complete language identifier.
    WORD primary = 0;   // Primary language identifier.
    OSVERSIONINFO osvi;

    ZeroMemory(&osvi, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO));
    osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);

    if (GetVersionEx(&osvi))
    {
        langid = GetUserDefaultUILanguage();
        primary = PRIMARYLANGID(langid);

        if ( (LANG_PORTUGUESE == primary && osvi.dwBuildNumber > 5) || // Windows Vista and later
             (LANG_CHINESE == primary && (osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osvi.dwMinorVersion >= 1)) ) // XP and Windows Server 2003
        {
            ; //Use the complete language identifier.
        }
        else
        {
            langid = primary;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"GetVersionEx failed with 0x%x.\n", GetLastError());
    }

    return langid;
}


// Build a table of offsets into the counter and help text buffers. Use the index
// values from the performance data queries to access the offsets.
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets)
{
    BOOL fSuccess = FALSE;
    LPWSTR pwszCounterText = NULL;  // Used to cycle through the Counter text
    LPWSTR pwszHelpText = NULL;     // Used to cycle through the Help text
    LPDWORD pOffsets = NULL;
    DWORD dwCounterIndex = 0;       // Index value of the Counter text
    DWORD dwHelpIndex = 0;          // Index value of the Help text
    DWORD dwSize = 0;               // Size of the block of memory that holds the offset array

    pwszCounterText = pCounterHead;
    pwszHelpText = pHelpHead;

    *pNumberOfOffsets = GetNumberOfTextEntries(L"Last Help");
    if (0 == *pNumberOfOffsets)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetNumberOfTextEntries failed; returned 0 for number of entries.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    dwSize = sizeof(DWORD) * (*pNumberOfOffsets + 1);  // Add one to make the array one-based

    pOffsets = (LPDWORD)malloc(dwSize);
    if (pOffsets)
    {
        ZeroMemory(pOffsets, dwSize);
        *pOffsetsHead = pOffsets;

        // Bypass first record (pair) of the counter data - contains upper bounds of system counter index.
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);

        for (; *pwszCounterText; pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1))
        {
            dwCounterIndex = _wtoi(pwszCounterText);
            dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);

            // Use the counter's index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the counter text in the array element.
            pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);  //Skip past index value
            pOffsets[dwCounterIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszCounterText - pCounterHead);

            // Some help indexes for system counters do not have a matching counter, so loop
            // until you find the matching help index or the index is greater than the corresponding
            // counter index. For example, if the indexes were as follows, you would loop
            // until the help index was 11.
            //
            // Counter index       Help Index
            //   2                    3
            //   4                    5
            //   6                    7
            //                        9   (skip because there is no matching Counter index)
            //   10                   11
            while (*pwszHelpText && dwHelpIndex < dwCounterIndex)
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past index value
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past help text to the next index value
                dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);
            }

            // Use the Help index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the help text in the array element.
            if (dwHelpIndex == (dwCounterIndex + 1))
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past index value
                pOffsets[dwHelpIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszHelpText - pHelpHead);
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past help text to next index value
            }
        }

        fSuccess = TRUE;
    }

cleanup:

    return fSuccess;
}


// Retrieve the last help index used from the registry. Use this number
// to allocate an array of DWORDs. Note that index values are not contiguous.
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    DWORD dwEntries = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    HKEY hkey = NULL;
    DWORD dwSize = sizeof(DWORD);
    LPWSTR pwszMessage = NULL;

    status = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
        L"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Perflib",
        0,
        KEY_READ,
        &hkey);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegOpenKeyEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    status = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, pwszSource, NULL, 0, (LPBYTE)&dwEntries, &dwSize);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
    }

cleanup:

    if (hkey)
        RegCloseKey(hkey);

    return dwEntries;
}


// Print the pairs of counter and help text.
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets)
{   UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(dwNumberOfOffsets);
    // Counter index values are even numbers that start at 2 so begin with
    // the second element of the array of offsets. Many array elements will
    // not contain offset values (index values are not contiguous).

    // There is typically a large number of counters, so this example prints
    // the first 10 counters and help text.
    //for (DWORD i = 2; i < (dwNumberOfOffsets+1); i++)

    for (DWORD i = 2; i < 22; i++)
    {
        if (pTextOffsets[i]) // If index offset is not zero
        {
            if (0 == (i % 2)) // Counter text index (even number)
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n", i, pCounterTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
            else
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n\n", i, pHelpTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
        }
    }
}

共用方式為

擷取計數器名稱和解說文字

意見反應

其他資源