使用旗號物件

下列範例會使用 旗號物件 來限制可執行特定工作的執行緒數目。 首先，它會使用 CreateSemaphore 函式來建立旗號，並指定初始和最大計數，然後使用 CreateThread 函式來建立執行緒。

執行緒嘗試執行工作之前，它會使用 WaitForSingleObject 函式來判斷信號的目前計數是否允許它執行此動作。 等候函式的逾時參數設定為零，因此如果旗號處於非簽署狀態，函式會立即傳回。 WaitForSingleObject 會將旗號的計數遞減一。

當執行緒完成工作時，它會使用 ReleaseSemaphore 函式來遞增旗號的計數，進而讓另一個等候的執行緒執行工作。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX_SEM_COUNT 10
#define THREADCOUNT 12

HANDLE ghSemaphore;

DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc( LPVOID );

int main( void )
{
    HANDLE aThread[THREADCOUNT];
    DWORD ThreadID;
    int i;

    // Create a semaphore with initial and max counts of MAX_SEM_COUNT

    ghSemaphore = CreateSemaphore( 
        NULL,           // default security attributes
        MAX_SEM_COUNT,  // initial count
        MAX_SEM_COUNT,  // maximum count
        NULL);          // unnamed semaphore

    if (ghSemaphore == NULL) 
    {
        printf("CreateSemaphore error: %d\n", GetLastError());
        return 1;
    }

    // Create worker threads

    for( i=0; i < THREADCOUNT; i++ )
    {
        aThread[i] = CreateThread( 
                     NULL,       // default security attributes
                     0,          // default stack size
                     (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) ThreadProc, 
                     NULL,       // no thread function arguments
                     0,          // default creation flags
                     &ThreadID); // receive thread identifier

        if( aThread[i] == NULL )
        {
            printf("CreateThread error: %d\n", GetLastError());
            return 1;
        }
    }

    // Wait for all threads to terminate

    WaitForMultipleObjects(THREADCOUNT, aThread, TRUE, INFINITE);

    // Close thread and semaphore handles

    for( i=0; i < THREADCOUNT; i++ )
        CloseHandle(aThread[i]);

    CloseHandle(ghSemaphore);

    return 0;
}

DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc( LPVOID lpParam )
{

    // lpParam not used in this example
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpParam);

    DWORD dwWaitResult; 
    BOOL bContinue=TRUE;

    while(bContinue)
    {
        // Try to enter the semaphore gate.

        dwWaitResult = WaitForSingleObject( 
            ghSemaphore,   // handle to semaphore
            0L);           // zero-second time-out interval

        switch (dwWaitResult) 
        { 
            // The semaphore object was signaled.
            case WAIT_OBJECT_0: 
                // TODO: Perform task
                printf("Thread %d: wait succeeded\n", GetCurrentThreadId());
                bContinue=FALSE;            

                // Simulate thread spending time on task
                Sleep(5);

                // Release the semaphore when task is finished

                if (!ReleaseSemaphore( 
                        ghSemaphore,  // handle to semaphore
                        1,            // increase count by one
                        NULL) )       // not interested in previous count
                {
                    printf("ReleaseSemaphore error: %d\n", GetLastError());
                }
                break; 

            // The semaphore was nonsignaled, so a time-out occurred.
            case WAIT_TIMEOUT: 
                printf("Thread %d: wait timed out\n", GetCurrentThreadId());
                break; 
        }
    }
    return TRUE;
}