範例 C 程式：集合和同層級憑證存放區作業
下列範例示範集合存放區的概念，這是實際包含數個憑證存放區內容的暫存 憑證存放區 。 您可以將一或多個存放區新增至集合，以使用單一函式呼叫來存取集合中任何存放區的內容。
此範例說明下列工作和 CryptoAPI 函式：
- 使用 CertOpenStore 和 CertCloseStore開啟和關閉收集存放區、記憶體存放區和系統存放區。
- 使用 CertAddStoreToCollection將同層級存放區新增至集合存放區。
- 使用 CertFindCertificateInStore尋找符合某些準則之存放區中的憑證和憑證連結。
- 使用 CertAddCertificateCoNtextToStore將擷取的憑證新增至記憶體中的存放區。
- 使用 CertAddCertificateLinkToStore將憑證的連結新增至存放區。
- 將存放區儲存在記憶體中至磁片上的檔案。
- 開啟和關閉以檔案為基礎的憑證存放區。
- 使用 CertRemoveStoreFromCollection從集合中移除同層級存放區。
此範例會使用 MyHandleError函式。 此函式的程式碼隨附于範例中。 此函式和其他輔助函式的程式碼也會列在常規用途 Functions底下。
此範例使用 CreateMyDACL 函式，定義于建立 DACL 主題中，以確保使用適當的 DACL 建立開啟的檔案。
下列範例會開啟集合存放區、在記憶體中建立新的憑證存放區，並將新存放區新增為同層級存放區至集合存放區。 程式接著會開啟系統存放區，並擷取憑證。 該憑證會新增至記憶體存放區。 系統會從系統存放區擷取第二個憑證，並將該憑證的連結新增至記憶體存放區。 接著會從集合存放區擷取憑證和連結，其中顯示可從集合存放區擷取同層級存放區中的憑證和連結。 記憶體會儲存至磁片。 然後，記憶體存放區會從集合中移除。 新增至記憶體存放區的連結仍可在記憶體存放區中找到，但無法再于集合存放區中找到。 所有存放區和檔案都會關閉，然後重新開啟檔案存放區，並搜尋憑證連結。 此程式的成功取決於我的商店可供使用。 該存放區必須包含主體為 「Insert_cert_subject_name1」 的憑證，以及主體為 「Insert_cert_subject_name2」 的第二個憑證。 主體的名稱應該變更為已知在我的存放區中的憑證主體名稱。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <Wincrypt.h>
#define MY_ENCODING_TYPE (PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING | X509_ASN_ENCODING)
void MyHandleError(char *s);
void main(void)
{
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// Declare and initialize variables.
HCERTSTORE hCollectionStore; // Collection store
// handle
HCERTSTORE hSystemStore; // System store handle
HCERTSTORE hMemoryStore; // Memory store handle
PCCERT_CONTEXT pDesiredCert = NULL; // Set to NULL for the first
// call to
// CertFindCertificateInStore
HANDLE hStoreFileHandle ; // Output file handle
LPWSTR pszFileName = L"TestStor.sto"; // Output file name
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa; // for DACL
LPWSTR pswzFirstCert = L"Insert_cert_subject_name1";
// Subject of the first
// certificate
LPWSTR pswzSecondCert = L"Insert_cert_subject_name2";
// Subject of the second
// certificate
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open a collection certificate store.
if(hCollectionStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_COLLECTION, // Collection store
0, // Encoding type
// Not used with a collection store
NULL, // Use the default provider
0, // No flags
NULL)) // Not needed
{
printf("Opened a collection store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Error opening the collection store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open a new certificate store in memory.
if(hMemoryStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, // Memory store
0, // Encoding type
// not used with a memory store
NULL, // Use the default provider
0, // No flags
NULL)) // Not needed
{
printf("Opened a memory store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Error opening a memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open the My system store using CertOpenStore.
if(hSystemStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, // System store will be a
// virtual store
0, // Encoding type not needed
// with this PROV
NULL, // Accept the default HCRYPTPROV
CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER,
L"MY")) // System store name
{
printf("Opened the My system store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Could not open the My system store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get a certificate that has the string
// "Insert_cert_subject_name1" in its subject.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hSystemStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found. \n",pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not find the desired certificate.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// pDesiredCert is a pointer to a certificate with a subject that
// includes the string passed as parameter five to the function.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add the certificate from the My store to the memory store.
if(CertAddCertificateContextToStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
pDesiredCert, // Pointer to a certificate
CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
NULL))
{
printf("Certificate added to the memory store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not add the certificate to the "
"memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add the memory store as a sibling to the collection store.
// All certificates in the memory store will now be available in
// the collection store. Any new certificates added to the memory
// store will also be available in the collection store.
if(CertAddStoreToCollection(
hCollectionStore,
hMemoryStore,
CERT_PHYSICAL_STORE_ADD_ENABLE_FLAG,// New certificates can be
// added to the sibling store
1)) // The sibling store's
// priority
// because this store has
// the highest priority,
// certificates added to
// the collection store will
// actually be stored in this
// store
{
printf("The memory store is added to the collection store.\n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("The memory store was not added "
"to the collection.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find a different certificate in the My store, and add, to the
// memory store, a link to that certificate.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hSystemStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not find the second certificate.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add a link to a second certificate from the My store to the new
// memory store.
if(CertAddCertificateLinkToStore(
hMemoryStore, // store handle
pDesiredCert, // pointer to a certificate
CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
NULL))
{
printf("%S link added to the memory store. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not add the certificate link to the "
"memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the first certificate in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found in the "
"memory store. \n",pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate was not in the "
"memory store.\n", pswzFirstCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find that same certificate in the collection store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate was not in the "
"memory collection.\n", pswzFirstCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the certificate link in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // Mo dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S link was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate link was not in the "
"memory store.\n", pswzSecondCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create a file to save the new store and certificate into.
// Create a DACL for the file.
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
// Call function to set the DACL. The DACL
// is set in the SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
// lpSecurityDescriptor member.
// if CreateMyDACL(&sa) fails, call MyHandleError("CreateMyDACL failed.")
if(hStoreFileHandle = CreateFile(
pszFileName, // File path
GENERIC_WRITE, // Access mode
0, // Share mode
&sa, // Security
CREATE_ALWAYS, // How to create the file
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, // File attributes
NULL)) // File template
{
printf("Created a new file on disk. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not create a file on disk.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// hStoreFileHandle is the output file handle.
// Save the memory store and its certificate to the output file.
if( CertSaveStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
0, // Encoding type not needed here
CERT_STORE_SAVE_AS_STORE,
CERT_STORE_SAVE_TO_FILE,
hStoreFileHandle, // The handle of an open disk file
0)) // dwFlags--no flags are needed here
{
printf("Saved the memory store to disk. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not save the memory store to disk.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Remove the sibling store from the collection.
// CertRemoveStoreFromCollection returns void.
printf("\nRemoving the memory store from the collection.\n");
CertRemoveStoreFromCollection(
hCollectionStore,
hMemoryStore);
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the link in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S link is still in the "
"memory store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The certificate link was not in the "
"memory store.\n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Try to find certificate link in the collection store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
pswzSecondCert,
NULL))
{
printf("The %S link was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("Removing the store from the collection worked.\n");
printf("The %S link is not in the "
"collection store.\n",pswzSecondCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Close the stores and the file. Reopen the file store,
// and check its contents.
if(hMemoryStore)
CertCloseStore(
hMemoryStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
if(hSystemStore)
CertCloseStore(
hSystemStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
if(hStoreFileHandle)
CloseHandle(hStoreFileHandle);
printf("All of the stores and files are closed. \n");
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Reopen the file store.
if(hMemoryStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_FILENAME, // Store provider type
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // If needed, use the usual
// encoding types
NULL, // Use the default HCRYPTPROV
0, // Accept the default for all
// dwFlags
L"TestStor.sto" )) // The name of an existing file
// as a Unicode string
{
printf("The file store has been reopened. \n");
}
else
{
printf("The file store could not be reopened. \n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the certificate link in the reopened file store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
pswzSecondCert,
NULL))
{
printf("The %S certificate link was found in the "
"file store. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The certificate link was not in the file store.\n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clean up memory and end.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(hMemoryStore)
CertCloseStore(
hMemoryStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
printf("All of the stores and files are closed. \n");
} // End of main
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// This example uses the function MyHandleError, a simple error
// handling function, to print an error message to the standard error
// (stderr) file and exit the program.
// For most applications, replace this function with one
// that does more extensive error reporting.
void MyHandleError(char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr,"An error occurred in running the program. \n");
fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",s);
fprintf(stderr, "Error number %x.\n", GetLastError());
fprintf(stderr, "Program terminating. \n");
exit(1);
} // End of MyHandleError