使用 Fibers

發行項
06/13/2023

CreateFiber函式會為執行緒建立新的 Fiber。建立執行緒必須指定要執行新 Fiber 的程式碼起始位址。一般而言，起始位址是使用者提供的函式名稱。多個光纖可以執行相同的函式。

下列範例示範如何建立、排程和刪除光纖。 Fiber 會執行本機定義的函式 ReadFiberFunc 和 WriteFiberFunc。此範例會實作光纖型檔案複製作業。執行範例時，您必須指定來源和目的地檔案。請注意，有許多其他方式可以透過程式設計方式複製檔案;此範例主要是為了說明光纖函式的使用。

#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>

VOID
__stdcall
ReadFiberFunc(LPVOID lpParameter);

VOID
__stdcall
WriteFiberFunc(LPVOID lpParameter);

void DisplayFiberInfo(void);

typedef struct
{
   DWORD dwParameter;          // DWORD parameter to fiber (unused)
   DWORD dwFiberResultCode;    // GetLastError() result code
   HANDLE hFile;               // handle to operate on
   DWORD dwBytesProcessed;     // number of bytes processed
} FIBERDATASTRUCT, *PFIBERDATASTRUCT, *LPFIBERDATASTRUCT;

#define RTN_OK 0
#define RTN_USAGE 1
#define RTN_ERROR 13

#define BUFFER_SIZE 32768   // read/write buffer size
#define FIBER_COUNT 3       // max fibers (including primary)

#define PRIMARY_FIBER 0 // array index to primary fiber
#define READ_FIBER 1    // array index to read fiber
#define WRITE_FIBER 2   // array index to write fiber

LPVOID g_lpFiber[FIBER_COUNT];
LPBYTE g_lpBuffer;
DWORD g_dwBytesRead;

int __cdecl _tmain(int argc, TCHAR *argv[])
{
   LPFIBERDATASTRUCT fs;

   if (argc != 3)
   {
      printf("Usage: %s <SourceFile> <DestinationFile>\n", argv[0]);
      return RTN_USAGE;
   }

   //
   // Allocate storage for our fiber data structures
   //
   fs = (LPFIBERDATASTRUCT) HeapAlloc(
                              GetProcessHeap(), 0,
                              sizeof(FIBERDATASTRUCT) * FIBER_COUNT);

   if (fs == NULL)
   {
      printf("HeapAlloc error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   //
   // Allocate storage for the read/write buffer
   //
   g_lpBuffer = (LPBYTE)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
   if (g_lpBuffer == NULL)
   {
      printf("HeapAlloc error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   //
   // Open the source file
   //
   fs[READ_FIBER].hFile = CreateFile(
                                    argv[1],
                                    GENERIC_READ,
                                    FILE_SHARE_READ,
                                    NULL,
                                    OPEN_EXISTING,
                                    FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
                                    NULL
                                    );

   if (fs[READ_FIBER].hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   {
      printf("CreateFile error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   //
   // Open the destination file
   //
   fs[WRITE_FIBER].hFile = CreateFile(
                                     argv[2],
                                     GENERIC_WRITE,
                                     0,
                                     NULL,
                                     CREATE_NEW,
                                     FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
                                     NULL
                                     );

   if (fs[WRITE_FIBER].hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   {
      printf("CreateFile error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   //
   // Convert thread to a fiber, to allow scheduling other fibers
   //
   g_lpFiber[PRIMARY_FIBER]=ConvertThreadToFiber(&fs[PRIMARY_FIBER]);

   if (g_lpFiber[PRIMARY_FIBER] == NULL)
   {
      printf("ConvertThreadToFiber error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   //
   // Initialize the primary fiber data structure.  We don't use
   // the primary fiber data structure for anything in this sample.
   //
   fs[PRIMARY_FIBER].dwParameter = 0;
   fs[PRIMARY_FIBER].dwFiberResultCode = 0;
   fs[PRIMARY_FIBER].hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

   //
   // Create the Read fiber
   //
   g_lpFiber[READ_FIBER]=CreateFiber(0,ReadFiberFunc,&fs[READ_FIBER]);

   if (g_lpFiber[READ_FIBER] == NULL)
   {
      printf("CreateFiber error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   fs[READ_FIBER].dwParameter = 0x12345678;

   //
   // Create the Write fiber
   //
   g_lpFiber[WRITE_FIBER]=CreateFiber(0,WriteFiberFunc,&fs[WRITE_FIBER]);

   if (g_lpFiber[WRITE_FIBER] == NULL)
   {
      printf("CreateFiber error (%d)\n", GetLastError());
      return RTN_ERROR;
   }

   fs[WRITE_FIBER].dwParameter = 0x54545454;

   //
   // Switch to the read fiber
   //
   SwitchToFiber(g_lpFiber[READ_FIBER]);

   //
   // We have been scheduled again. Display results from the 
   // read/write fibers
   //
   printf("ReadFiber: result code is %lu, %lu bytes processed\n",
   fs[READ_FIBER].dwFiberResultCode, fs[READ_FIBER].dwBytesProcessed);

   printf("WriteFiber: result code is %lu, %lu bytes processed\n",
   fs[WRITE_FIBER].dwFiberResultCode, fs[WRITE_FIBER].dwBytesProcessed);

   //
   // Delete the fibers
   //
   DeleteFiber(g_lpFiber[READ_FIBER]);
   DeleteFiber(g_lpFiber[WRITE_FIBER]);

   //
   // Close handles
   //
   CloseHandle(fs[READ_FIBER].hFile);
   CloseHandle(fs[WRITE_FIBER].hFile);

   //
   // Free allocated memory
   //
   HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, g_lpBuffer);
   HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, fs);

   return RTN_OK;
}

VOID
__stdcall
ReadFiberFunc(
             LPVOID lpParameter
             )
{
   LPFIBERDATASTRUCT fds = (LPFIBERDATASTRUCT)lpParameter;

   //
   // If this fiber was passed NULL for fiber data, just return,
   // causing the current thread to exit
   //
   if (fds == NULL)
   {
      printf("Passed NULL fiber data; exiting current thread.\n");
      return;
   }

   //
   // Display some information pertaining to the current fiber
   //
   DisplayFiberInfo();

   fds->dwBytesProcessed = 0;

   while (1)
   {
      //
      // Read data from file specified in the READ_FIBER structure
      //
      if (!ReadFile(fds->hFile, g_lpBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 
         &g_dwBytesRead, NULL))
      {
         break;
      }

      //
      // if we reached EOF, break
      //
      if (g_dwBytesRead == 0) break;

      //
      // Update number of bytes processed in the fiber data structure
      //
      fds->dwBytesProcessed += g_dwBytesRead;

      //
      // Switch to the write fiber
      //
      SwitchToFiber(g_lpFiber[WRITE_FIBER]);
   } // while

   //
   // Update the fiber result code
   //
   fds->dwFiberResultCode = GetLastError();

   //
   // Switch back to the primary fiber
   //
   SwitchToFiber(g_lpFiber[PRIMARY_FIBER]);
}

VOID
__stdcall
WriteFiberFunc(
              LPVOID lpParameter
              )
{
   LPFIBERDATASTRUCT fds = (LPFIBERDATASTRUCT)lpParameter;
   DWORD dwBytesWritten;

   //
   // If this fiber was passed NULL for fiber data, just return,
   // causing the current thread to exit
   //
   if (fds == NULL)
   {
      printf("Passed NULL fiber data; exiting current thread.\n");
      return;
   }

   //
   // Display some information pertaining to the current fiber
   //
   DisplayFiberInfo();

   //
   // Assume all writes succeeded.  If a write fails, the fiber
   // result code will be updated to reflect the reason for failure
   //
   fds->dwBytesProcessed = 0;
   fds->dwFiberResultCode = ERROR_SUCCESS;

   while (1)
   {
      //
      // Write data to the file specified in the WRITE_FIBER structure
      //
      if (!WriteFile(fds->hFile, g_lpBuffer, g_dwBytesRead, 
         &dwBytesWritten, NULL))
      {
         //
         // If an error occurred writing, break
         //
         break;
      }

      //
      // Update number of bytes processed in the fiber data structure
      //
      fds->dwBytesProcessed += dwBytesWritten;

      //
      // Switch back to the read fiber
      //
      SwitchToFiber(g_lpFiber[READ_FIBER]);
   }  // while

   //
   // If an error occurred, update the fiber result code...
   //
   fds->dwFiberResultCode = GetLastError();

   //
   // ...and switch to the primary fiber
   //
   SwitchToFiber(g_lpFiber[PRIMARY_FIBER]);
}

void
DisplayFiberInfo(
                void
                )
{
   LPFIBERDATASTRUCT fds = (LPFIBERDATASTRUCT)GetFiberData();
   LPVOID lpCurrentFiber = GetCurrentFiber();

   //
   // Determine which fiber is executing, based on the fiber address
   //
   if (lpCurrentFiber == g_lpFiber[READ_FIBER])
      printf("Read fiber entered");
   else
   {
      if (lpCurrentFiber == g_lpFiber[WRITE_FIBER])
         printf("Write fiber entered");
      else
      {
         if (lpCurrentFiber == g_lpFiber[PRIMARY_FIBER])
            printf("Primary fiber entered");
         else
            printf("Unknown fiber entered");
      }
   }

   //
   // Display dwParameter from the current fiber data structure
   //
   printf(" (dwParameter is 0x%lx)\n", fds->dwParameter);
}

此範例會使用光纖資料結構，用來判斷光纖的行為和狀態。每個光纖都有一個資料結構;資料結構的指標會在 Fiber 建立期間使用 FiberProc 函式的參數傳遞至 Fiber。

呼叫端執行緒會呼叫 ConvertThreadToFiber 函式，讓呼叫端能夠排程 Fiber。這也允許由另一個光纖排程光纖。接下來，執行緒會建立兩個額外的 Fiber，一個會針對指定的檔案執行讀取作業，另一個則針對指定的檔案執行寫入作業。

主要光纖會呼叫 SwitchToFiber 函式來排程讀取光纖。成功讀取之後，讀取 Fiber 會排程寫入 Fiber。在寫入光纖中成功寫入之後，寫入 Fiber 會排程讀取光纖。讀取/寫入週期完成時，會排程主要光纖，這會導致顯示讀取/寫入狀態。如果在讀取或寫入作業期間發生錯誤，則會排程主要光纖，而範例會顯示作業的狀態。

在進程終止之前，進程會使用 DeleteFiber 函式釋放光纖、關閉檔案控制代碼，並釋放配置的記憶體。

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使用 Fibers

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使用 Fibers

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