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使用 DTE 啟動 Visual Studio

  • 發行項

從 Visual Studio 2017 開始，使用 DTE 啟動 Visual Studio 的機制不同於啟動舊版 Visual Studio。 這項變更是必要的，因為 Visual Studio 2017 和更新版本支援主要版本的並存安裝 (例如，您可以並存安裝預覽和發行版本)。

本文的其餘部分顯示您可以使用 DTE 啟動 Visual Studio 2019 的程式碼。

設定專案

若要查看啟動程式碼的運作情況，請遵循下列步驟建立專案。

  1. 為 .NET Framework 建立新的主控台應用程式。

  2. 安裝 Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Configuration.Interop NuGet 套件，並新增組件的參考。

  3. 將參考加入至 EnvDTE。

  4. 將後續的範例程式碼貼到 Program.cs 檔案中。

  5. 若要執行程式，請按 F5。 您應該會在程式結束前看到 Visual Studio 2019 開啟。

程式碼範例

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Configuration;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes;
using System.Threading;

namespace ConsoleLauncherApp
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            EnvDTE.DTE dte = LaunchVsDte(isPreRelease: false);

            dte.MainWindow.WindowState = EnvDTE.vsWindowState.vsWindowStateMaximize;
            dte.MainWindow.WindowState = EnvDTE.vsWindowState.vsWindowStateMinimize;
            dte.MainWindow.WindowState = EnvDTE.vsWindowState.vsWindowStateNormal;
            dte.Quit();
        }

        private static EnvDTE.DTE LaunchVsDte(bool isPreRelease)
        {
            ISetupInstance setupInstance = GetSetupInstance(isPreRelease);
            string installationPath = setupInstance.GetInstallationPath();
            string executablePath = Path.Combine(installationPath, @"Common7\IDE\devenv.exe");
            Process vsProcess = Process.Start(executablePath);
            string runningObjectDisplayName = $"VisualStudio.DTE.16.0:{vsProcess.Id}";

            IEnumerable<string> runningObjectDisplayNames = null;
            object runningObject;
            for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++)
            {
                try
                {
                    runningObject = GetRunningObject(runningObjectDisplayName, out runningObjectDisplayNames);
                }
                catch
                {
                    runningObject = null;
                }

                if (runningObject != null)
                {
                    return (EnvDTE.DTE)runningObject;
                }

                Thread.Sleep(millisecondsTimeout: 1000);
            }

            throw new TimeoutException($"Failed to retrieve DTE object. Current running objects: {string.Join(";", runningObjectDisplayNames)}");
        }

        private static object GetRunningObject(string displayName, out IEnumerable<string> runningObjectDisplayNames)
        {
            IBindCtx bindContext = null;
            NativeMethods.CreateBindCtx(0, out bindContext);

            IRunningObjectTable runningObjectTable = null;
            bindContext.GetRunningObjectTable(out runningObjectTable);

            IEnumMoniker monikerEnumerator = null;
            runningObjectTable.EnumRunning(out monikerEnumerator);

            object runningObject = null;
            List<string> runningObjectDisplayNameList = new List<string>();
            IMoniker[] monikers = new IMoniker[1];
            IntPtr numberFetched = IntPtr.Zero;
            while (monikerEnumerator.Next(1, monikers, numberFetched) == 0)
            {
                IMoniker moniker = monikers[0];

                string objectDisplayName = null;
                try
                {
                    moniker.GetDisplayName(bindContext, null, out objectDisplayName);
                }
                catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
                {
                    // Some ROT objects require elevated permissions.
                }

                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(objectDisplayName))
                {
                    runningObjectDisplayNameList.Add(objectDisplayName);
                    if (objectDisplayName.EndsWith(displayName, StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    {
                        runningObjectTable.GetObject(moniker, out runningObject);
                        if (runningObject == null)
                        {
                            throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to get running object with display name {displayName}");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            runningObjectDisplayNames = runningObjectDisplayNameList;
            return runningObject;
        }

        private static ISetupInstance GetSetupInstance(bool isPreRelease)
        {
            return GetSetupInstances().First(i => IsPreRelease(i) == isPreRelease);
        }

        private static IEnumerable<ISetupInstance> GetSetupInstances()
        {
            ISetupConfiguration setupConfiguration = new SetupConfiguration();
            IEnumSetupInstances enumerator = setupConfiguration.EnumInstances();

            int count;
            do
            {
                ISetupInstance[] setupInstances = new ISetupInstance[1];
                enumerator.Next(1, setupInstances, out count);
                if (count == 1 && setupInstances[0] != null)
                {
                    yield return setupInstances[0];
                }
            }
            while (count == 1);
        }

        private static bool IsPreRelease(ISetupInstance setupInstance)
        {
            ISetupInstanceCatalog setupInstanceCatalog = (ISetupInstanceCatalog)setupInstance;
            return setupInstanceCatalog.IsPrerelease();
        }

        private static class NativeMethods
        {
            [DllImport("ole32.dll")]
            public static extern int CreateBindCtx(uint reserved, out IBindCtx ppbc);
        }
    }
}

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