OpCodes Class

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Provides field representations of the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions for emission by the ILGenerator class members (such as Emit).

Inheritance Hierarchy

System.Object
  System.Reflection.Emit.OpCodes

Namespace:  System.Reflection.Emit
Assembly:  mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

'Declaration
<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public Class OpCodes

[ComVisibleAttribute(true)]
public class OpCodes

The OpCodes type exposes the following members.

Methods

	Name	Description
	Equals(Object)	Determines whether the specified Object is equal to the current Object. (Inherited from Object.)
	Finalize	Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Object is reclaimed by garbage collection. (Inherited from Object.)
	GetHashCode	Serves as a hash function for a particular type. (Inherited from Object.)
	GetType	Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object.)
	MemberwiseClone	Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object.)
	TakesSingleByteArgument	Returns true or false if the supplied opcode takes a single byte argument.
	ToString	Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object.)

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Fields

	Name	Description
	Add	Adds two values and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Add_Ovf	Adds two integers, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Add_Ovf_Un	Adds two unsigned integer values, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	And	Computes the bitwise AND of two values and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Arglist	Returns an unmanaged pointer to the argument list of the current method.
	Beq	Transfers control to a target instruction if two values are equal.
	Beq_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if two values are equal.
	Bge	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value.
	Bge_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value.
	Bge_Un	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Bge_Un_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Bgt	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than the second value.
	Bgt_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than the second value.
	Bgt_Un	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Bgt_Un_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Ble	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than or equal to the second value.
	Ble_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than or equal to the second value.
	Ble_Un	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than or equal to the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Ble_Un_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than or equal to the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Blt	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than the second value.
	Blt_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than the second value.
	Blt_Un	Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Blt_Un_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values.
	Bne_Un	Transfers control to a target instruction when two unsigned integer values or unordered float values are not equal.
	Bne_Un_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) when two unsigned integer values or unordered float values are not equal.
	Box	Converts a value type to an object reference (type O).
	Br	Unconditionally transfers control to a target instruction.
	Br_S	Unconditionally transfers control to a target instruction (short form).
	Break	Signals the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) to inform the debugger that a break point has been tripped.
	Brfalse	Transfers control to a target instruction if value is false, a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic), or zero.
	Brfalse_S	Transfers control to a target instruction if value is false, a null reference, or zero.
	Brtrue	Transfers control to a target instruction if value is true, not null, or non-zero.
	Brtrue_S	Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if value is true, not null, or non-zero.
	Call	Calls the method indicated by the passed method descriptor.
	Calli	Calls the method indicated on the evaluation stack (as a pointer to an entry point) with arguments described by a calling convention.
	Callvirt	Calls a late-bound method on an object, pushing the return value onto the evaluation stack.
	Castclass	Attempts to cast an object passed by reference to the specified class.
	Ceq	Compares two values. If they are equal, the integer value 1 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack.
	Cgt	Compares two values. If the first value is greater than the second, the integer value 1 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack.
	Cgt_Un	Compares two unsigned or unordered values. If the first value is greater than the second, the integer value 1 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack.
	Ckfinite	Throws ArithmeticException if value is not a finite number.
	Clt	Compares two values. If the first value is less than the second, the integer value 1 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack.
	Clt_Un	Compares the unsigned or unordered values value1 and value2. If value1 is less than value2, then the integer value 1 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 (int32) is pushed onto the evaluation stack.
	Constrained	Constrains the type on which a virtual method call is made.
	Conv_I	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to native int.
	Conv_I1	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to int8, then extends (pads) it to int32.
	Conv_I2	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to int16, then extends (pads) it to int32.
	Conv_I4	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to int32.
	Conv_I8	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to int64.
	Conv_Ovf_I	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed native int, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed native int, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I1	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int8 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I1_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int8 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I2	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int16 and extending it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I2_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int16 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I4	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I4_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I8	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int64, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_I8_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed int64, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned native int, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned native int, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U1	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int8 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U1_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int8 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U2	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int16 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U2_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int16 and extends it to int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U4	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U4_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int32, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U8	Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int64, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_Ovf_U8_Un	Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int64, throwing OverflowException on overflow.
	Conv_R_Un	Converts the unsigned integer value on top of the evaluation stack to float32.
	Conv_R4	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to float32.
	Conv_R8	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to float64.
	Conv_U	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned native int, and extends it to native int.
	Conv_U1	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int8, and extends it to int32.
	Conv_U2	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int16, and extends it to int32.
	Conv_U4	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int32, and extends it to int32.
	Conv_U8	Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to unsigned int64, and extends it to int64.
	Cpblk	Copies a specified number bytes from a source address to a destination address.
	Cpobj	Copies the value type located at the address of an object (type &, * or native int) to the address of the destination object (type &, * or native int).
	Div	Divides two values and pushes the result as a floating-point (type F) or quotient (type int32) onto the evaluation stack.
	Div_Un	Divides two unsigned integer values and pushes the result (int32) onto the evaluation stack.
	Dup	Copies the current topmost value on the evaluation stack, and then pushes the copy onto the evaluation stack.
	Endfilter	Transfers control from the filter clause of an exception back to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) exception handler.
	Endfinally	Transfers control from the fault or finally clause of an exception block back to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) exception handler.
	Initblk	Initializes a specified block of memory at a specific address to a given size and initial value.
	Initobj	Initializes each field of the value type at a specified address to a null reference or a 0 of the appropriate primitive type.
	Isinst	Tests whether an object reference (type O) is an instance of a particular class.
	Jmp	Exits current method and jumps to specified method.
	Ldarg	Loads an argument (referenced by a specified index value) onto the stack.
	Ldarg_0	Loads the argument at index 0 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldarg_1	Loads the argument at index 1 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldarg_2	Loads the argument at index 2 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldarg_3	Loads the argument at index 3 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldarg_S	Loads the argument (referenced by a specified short form index) onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldarga	Load an argument address onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldarga_S	Load an argument address, in short form, onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldc_I4	Pushes a supplied value of type int32 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_0	Pushes the integer value of 0 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_1	Pushes the integer value of 1 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_2	Pushes the integer value of 2 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_3	Pushes the integer value of 3 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_4	Pushes the integer value of 4 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_5	Pushes the integer value of 5 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_6	Pushes the integer value of 6 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_7	Pushes the integer value of 7 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_8	Pushes the integer value of 8 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_M1	Pushes the integer value of -1 onto the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldc_I4_S	Pushes the supplied int8 value onto the evaluation stack as an int32, short form.
	Ldc_I8	Pushes a supplied value of type int64 onto the evaluation stack as an int64.
	Ldc_R4	Pushes a supplied value of type float32 onto the evaluation stack as type F (float).
	Ldc_R8	Pushes a supplied value of type float64 onto the evaluation stack as type F (float).
	Ldelem	Loads the element at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as the type specified in the instruction.
	Ldelem_I	Loads the element with type native int at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as a native int.
	Ldelem_I1	Loads the element with type int8 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldelem_I2	Loads the element with type int16 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldelem_I4	Loads the element with type int32 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldelem_I8	Loads the element with type int64 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int64.
	Ldelem_R4	Loads the element with type float32 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type F (float).
	Ldelem_R8	Loads the element with type float64 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type F (float).
	Ldelem_Ref	Loads the element containing an object reference at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type O (object reference).
	Ldelem_U1	Loads the element with type unsigned int8 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldelem_U2	Loads the element with type unsigned int16 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldelem_U4	Loads the element with type unsigned int32 at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an int32.
	Ldelema	Loads the address of the array element at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type & (managed pointer).
	Ldfld	Finds the value of a field in the object whose reference is currently on the evaluation stack.
	Ldflda	Finds the address of a field in the object whose reference is currently on the evaluation stack.
	Ldftn	Pushes an unmanaged pointer (type native int) to the native code implementing a specific method onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldind_I	Loads a value of type native int as a native int onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_I1	Loads a value of type int8 as an int32 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_I2	Loads a value of type int16 as an int32 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_I4	Loads a value of type int32 as an int32 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_I8	Loads a value of type int64 as an int64 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_R4	Loads a value of type float32 as a type F (float) onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_R8	Loads a value of type float64 as a type F (float) onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_Ref	Loads an object reference as a type O (object reference) onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_U1	Loads a value of type unsigned int8 as an int32 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_U2	Loads a value of type unsigned int16 as an int32 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldind_U4	Loads a value of type unsigned int32 as an int32 onto the evaluation stack indirectly.
	Ldlen	Pushes the number of elements of a zero-based, one-dimensional array onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloc	Loads the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloc_0	Loads the local variable at index 0 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloc_1	Loads the local variable at index 1 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloc_2	Loads the local variable at index 2 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloc_3	Loads the local variable at index 3 onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloc_S	Loads the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack, short form.
	Ldloca	Loads the address of the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldloca_S	Loads the address of the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack, short form.
	Ldnull	Pushes a null reference (type O) onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldobj	Copies the value type object pointed to by an address to the top of the evaluation stack.
	Ldsfld	Pushes the value of a static field onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldsflda	Pushes the address of a static field onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldstr	Pushes a new object reference to a string literal stored in the metadata.
	Ldtoken	Converts a metadata token to its runtime representation, pushing it onto the evaluation stack.
	Ldvirtftn	Pushes an unmanaged pointer (type native int) to the native code implementing a particular virtual method associated with a specified object onto the evaluation stack.
	Leave	Exits a protected region of code, unconditionally transferring control to a specific target instruction.
	Leave_S	Exits a protected region of code, unconditionally transferring control to a target instruction (short form).
	Localloc	Allocates a certain number of bytes from the local dynamic memory pool and pushes the address (a transient pointer, type *) of the first allocated byte onto the evaluation stack.
	Mkrefany	Pushes a typed reference to an instance of a specific type onto the evaluation stack.
	Mul	Multiplies two values and pushes the result on the evaluation stack.
	Mul_Ovf	Multiplies two integer values, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Mul_Ovf_Un	Multiplies two unsigned integer values, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Neg	Negates a value and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Newarr	Pushes an object reference to a new zero-based, one-dimensional array whose elements are of a specific type onto the evaluation stack.
	Newobj	Creates a new object or a new instance of a value type, pushing an object reference (type O) onto the evaluation stack.
	Nop	Fills space if opcodes are patched. No meaningful operation is performed although a processing cycle can be consumed.
	Not	Computes the bitwise complement of the integer value on top of the stack and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack as the same type.
	Or	Compute the bitwise complement of the two integer values on top of the stack and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Pop	Removes the value currently on top of the evaluation stack.
	Prefix1	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefix2	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefix3	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefix4	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefix5	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefix6	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefix7	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Prefixref	Infrastructure. This is a reserved instruction.
	Readonly	Specifies that the subsequent array address operation performs no type check at run time, and that it returns a managed pointer whose mutability is restricted.
	Refanytype	Retrieves the type token embedded in a typed reference.
	Refanyval	Retrieves the address (type &) embedded in a typed reference.
	Rem	Divides two values and pushes the remainder onto the evaluation stack.
	Rem_Un	Divides two unsigned values and pushes the remainder onto the evaluation stack.
	Ret	Returns from the current method, pushing a return value (if present) from the callee's evaluation stack onto the caller's evaluation stack.
	Rethrow	Rethrows the current exception.
	Shl	Shifts an integer value to the left (in zeroes) by a specified number of bits, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Shr	Shifts an integer value (in sign) to the right by a specified number of bits, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Shr_Un	Shifts an unsigned integer value (in zeroes) to the right by a specified number of bits, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Sizeof	Pushes the size, in bytes, of a supplied value type onto the evaluation stack.
	Starg	Stores the value on top of the evaluation stack in the argument slot at a specified index.
	Starg_S	Stores the value on top of the evaluation stack in the argument slot at a specified index, short form.
	Stelem	Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack, whose type is specified in the instruction.
	Stelem_I	Replaces the array element at a given index with the native int value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_I1	Replaces the array element at a given index with the int8 value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_I2	Replaces the array element at a given index with the int16 value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_I4	Replaces the array element at a given index with the int32 value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_I8	Replaces the array element at a given index with the int64 value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_R4	Replaces the array element at a given index with the float32 value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_R8	Replaces the array element at a given index with the float64 value on the evaluation stack.
	Stelem_Ref	Replaces the array element at a given index with the object ref value (type O) on the evaluation stack.
	Stfld	Replaces the value stored in the field of an object reference or pointer with a new value.
	Stind_I	Stores a value of type native int at a supplied address.
	Stind_I1	Stores a value of type int8 at a supplied address.
	Stind_I2	Stores a value of type int16 at a supplied address.
	Stind_I4	Stores a value of type int32 at a supplied address.
	Stind_I8	Stores a value of type int64 at a supplied address.
	Stind_R4	Stores a value of type float32 at a supplied address.
	Stind_R8	Stores a value of type float64 at a supplied address.
	Stind_Ref	Stores a object reference value at a supplied address.
	Stloc	Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at a specified index.
	Stloc_0	Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 0.
	Stloc_1	Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 1.
	Stloc_2	Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 2.
	Stloc_3	Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 3.
	Stloc_S	Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index (short form).
	Stobj	Copies a value of a specified type from the evaluation stack into a supplied memory address.
	Stsfld	Replaces the value of a static field with a value from the evaluation stack.
	Sub	Subtracts one value from another and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Sub_Ovf	Subtracts one integer value from another, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Sub_Ovf_Un	Subtracts one unsigned integer value from another, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack.
	Switch	Implements a jump table.
	Tailcall	Performs a postfixed method call instruction such that the current method's stack frame is removed before the actual call instruction is executed.
	Throw	Throws the exception object currently on the evaluation stack.
	Unaligned	Indicates that an address currently atop the evaluation stack might not be aligned to the natural size of the immediately following ldind, stind, ldfld, stfld, ldobj, stobj, initblk, or cpblk instruction.
	Unbox	Converts the boxed representation of a value type to its unboxed form.
	Unbox_Any	Converts the boxed representation of a type specified in the instruction to its unboxed form.
	Volatile	Specifies that an address currently atop the evaluation stack might be volatile, and the results of reading that location cannot be cached or that multiple stores to that location cannot be suppressed.
	Xor	Computes the bitwise XOR of the top two values on the evaluation stack, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack.

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Remarks

For a detailed description of the member opcodes, see the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) documentation, especially "Partition III: CIL Instruction Set" and "Partition II: Metadata Definition and Semantics". The documentation is available online; see ECMA C# and Common Language Infrastructure Standards on MSDN and Standard ECMA-335 - Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) on the Ecma International Web site.

Examples

The following example demonstrates the construction of a dynamic method using ILGenerator to emit OpCodes into a MethodBuilder.

Note:
To run this example, see Building Examples That Use a Demo Method and a TextBlock Control.

Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Emit

Class Example

   Public Shared Sub Demo(ByVal outputBlock As System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock)

      Dim myDomain As AppDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
      Dim myAsmName As New AssemblyName("MyDynamicAssembly")

      Dim myAsmBuilder As AssemblyBuilder = _
         myDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(myAsmName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run)

      Dim pointModule As ModuleBuilder = _
         myAsmBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("PointModule")

      Dim pointTypeBld As TypeBuilder = pointModule.DefineType("Point", _
              TypeAttributes.Public)

      Dim xField As FieldBuilder = pointTypeBld.DefineField("x", _
           GetType(Integer), _
           FieldAttributes.Public)
      Dim yField As FieldBuilder = pointTypeBld.DefineField("y", _
           GetType(Integer), _
           FieldAttributes.Public)

      ' Base class and base class constructor.
      Dim objType As Type = Type.GetType("System.Object")
      Dim objCtor As ConstructorInfo = objType.GetConstructor(New Type() {})

      Dim ctorParams() As Type = {GetType(Integer), GetType(Integer)}

      Dim pointCtor As ConstructorBuilder = pointTypeBld.DefineConstructor( _
        MethodAttributes.Public, _
        CallingConventions.Standard, _
        ctorParams)
      Dim ctorIL As ILGenerator = pointCtor.GetILGenerator()

      ' Build the constructor. Begin by invoking the base class
      ' constructor. The zero-index parameter of the constructor
      ' is the new instance. Store the values of the fields.
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, objCtor)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, xField)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, yField)
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

      ' Build a method to output some information about the data
      ' in the dynamic class. This method will have the following
      ' signature:
      '    Public Sub WritePoint(ByVal outputBlock As TextBlock) 

      Dim obType As Type = outputBlock.GetType()
      Dim writePtMthd As MethodBuilder = pointTypeBld.DefineMethod("WritePoint", _
            MethodAttributes.Public, _
            Nothing, _
            New Type() { obType })

      ' To obtain the current text from the text block, and to 
      ' store the updated value, get the "get" and "set" accessors
      ' for the Text property:
      Dim textProp As PropertyInfo = obType.GetProperty("Text")
      Dim getter As MethodInfo = textProp.GetGetMethod()
      Dim setter As MethodInfo = textProp.GetSetMethod()

      ' To concatenate two strings, get the static Concat method of 
      ' the String class:
      Dim concat2 As MethodInfo = _
         GetType(String).GetMethod("Concat", _
                                   BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Static, _
                                   Type.DefaultBinder, _
                                   New Type() { GetType(String), GetType(String) }, _
                                   Nothing)

      ' To format the point values, get the String.Format method 
      ' overload that takes a format string and two values, which
      ' are passed as objects:
      '    String.Format(String, Object, Object)
      Dim sfParams() As Type = { GetType(String), GetType(Object), GetType(Object) }
        Dim strFormat As MethodInfo = _
           GetType(String).GetMethod("Format", _
                                     BindingFlags.Public Or BindingFlags.Static, _
                                     Type.DefaultBinder, _
                                     sfParams, Nothing)
      ' The format string.
      Dim ptFormat As String = "The value of the Point is: ({0}, {1})" & vbLf

      Dim il As ILGenerator = writePtMthd.GetILGenerator()

      ' At the very end of the method, the TextBlock instance needs 
      ' to be on the execution stack, to call the "set" accessor for
      ' the Text property. The TextBlock is the argument passed to
      ' WritePoint; load it onto the stack now.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1)

      ' The existing value of the TextBlock.Text property must be on
      ' the stack, too, so load the TextBlock instance again. Then 
      ' call the "get" accessor for the Text property. The second
      ' TextBlock reference is popped off the stack, and the string 
      ' value is pushed onto the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1)
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getter)


      ' Now load the arguments for the static String.Format method.
      ' There's no need to load an instance, because this is a static
      ' method. Instead, load the first argument for String.Format by 
      ' pushing the format string onto the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, ptFormat)

      ' Since the second argument is an object, and it corresponds to
      ' to the value of an integer field, the integer field must be 
      ' boxed - stored on the heap as an Object. To load the integer
      ' field, push a reference to the current instance of Point, which
      ' is always passed as the hidden 0-index parameter of an instance
      ' method. Load the field, which pops the Point off the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, xField)

      ' Now execute the box opcode, which pops the value of field 'x'
      ' and pushes a reference to the integer value, boxed as an object.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, GetType(Integer))

      ' Repeat the process for 'y'.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, yField)
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, GetType(Integer))

      ' All three arguments for String.Format are on the execution
      ' stack. Call the static method, which pops the three arguments
      ' off the stack and pushes the return value onto the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, strFormat)

      ' Call the static String.Concat method to concatenate the value
      ' of the Text property and the formatted string.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, concat2)

      ' The stack now has an instance of TextBlock and the concatenated
      ' string. Call the "set" accessor, which pops these items off the
      ' stack and stores the string in the property. 
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, setter)

      ' There is nothing left on the stack, so it is safe to return 
      ' from the Sub.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)

      ' Create the type, and then create an instance of the type with
      ' 'x' and 'y' values of 8 and 19.
      Dim ptType As Type = pointTypeBld.CreateType()
      Dim ptInstance As Object = Activator.CreateInstance(ptType, _
         New Object() { 8, 19 })

      ' Invoke WritePoint, to display the values.
      ptType.InvokeMember("WritePoint", _
         BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, _
         Type.DefaultBinder, _
         ptInstance, _
         New Object() {outputBlock})

   End Sub 
End Class 

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'The value of the Point is: (8, 19)

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

class Example
{
   public static void Demo(System.Windows.Controls.TextBlock outputBlock)
   {
      AppDomain myDomain = AppDomain.CurrentDomain;
      AssemblyName myAsmName = new AssemblyName("MyDynamicAssembly");

      AssemblyBuilder myAsmBuilder = 
         myDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(myAsmName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);

      ModuleBuilder pointModule = myAsmBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("PointModule");

      TypeBuilder pointTypeBld = pointModule.DefineType("Point", TypeAttributes.Public);

      FieldBuilder xField = pointTypeBld.DefineField("x", typeof(int), FieldAttributes.Public);
      FieldBuilder yField = pointTypeBld.DefineField("y", typeof(int), FieldAttributes.Public);

      // Base class and base class constructor.
      Type objType = Type.GetType("System.Object");
      ConstructorInfo objCtor = objType.GetConstructor(new Type[] {});

      Type[] ctorParams = {typeof(int), typeof(int)};

      ConstructorBuilder pointCtor = 
         pointTypeBld.DefineConstructor(MethodAttributes.Public, 
                                        CallingConventions.Standard, ctorParams);
      ILGenerator ctorIL = pointCtor.GetILGenerator();

      // Build the constructor. Begin by invoking the base class
      // constructor. The zero-index parameter of the constructor
      // is the new instance. Store the values of the fields.
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Call, objCtor);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, xField);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, yField);
      ctorIL.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

      // Build a method to output some information about the data
      // in the dynamic class. This method will have the following
      // signature:
      //    public void WritePoint(TextBlock outputBlock) 

      Type obType = outputBlock.GetType();
      MethodBuilder writePtMthd = 
         pointTypeBld.DefineMethod("WritePoint", 
                                   MethodAttributes.Public, 
                                   null, 
                                   new Type[] { obType });

      // To obtain the current text from the text block, and to 
      // store the updated value, get the "get" and "set" accessors
      // for the Text property:
      PropertyInfo textProp = obType.GetProperty("Text");
      MethodInfo getter = textProp.GetGetMethod();
      MethodInfo setter = textProp.GetSetMethod();

      // To concatenate two strings, get the static Concat method of 
      // the String class:
      MethodInfo concat2 = 
         typeof(string).GetMethod("Concat", 
                                  BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, 
                                  Type.DefaultBinder, 
                                  new Type[] { typeof(string), typeof(string) }, 
                                  null);

      // To format the point values, get the String.Format method 
      // overload that takes a format string and two values, which
      // are passed as objects:
      //    String.Format(string, object, object)
      Type[] sfParams = { typeof(string), typeof(object), typeof(object) };
      MethodInfo strFormat = 
         typeof(string).GetMethod("Format", 
                                  BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static, 
                                  Type.DefaultBinder, 
                                  sfParams, null);
      // The format string.
      string ptFormat = "The value of the Point is: ({0}, {1})\n";

      ILGenerator il = writePtMthd.GetILGenerator();

      // At the very end of the method, the TextBlock instance needs 
      // to be on the execution stack, to call the "set" accessor for
      // the Text property. The TextBlock is the argument passed to
      // WritePoint; load it onto the stack now.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);

      // The existing value of the TextBlock.Text property must be on
      // the stack, too, so load the TextBlock instance again. Then 
      // call the "get" accessor for the Text property. The second
      // TextBlock reference is popped off the stack, and the string 
      // value is pushed onto the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getter);


      // Now load the arguments for the static String.Format method.
      // There's no need to load an instance, because this is a static
      // method. Instead, load the first argument for String.Format by 
      // pushing the format string onto the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, ptFormat);

      // Since the second argument is an object, and it corresponds to
      // to the value of an integer field, the integer field must be 
      // boxed - stored on the heap as an Object. To load the integer
      // field, push a reference to the current instance of Point, which
      // is always passed as the hidden 0-index parameter of an instance
      // method. Load the field, which pops the Point off the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, xField);

      // Now execute the box opcode, which pops the value of field 'x'
      // and pushes a reference to the integer value, boxed as an object.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, typeof(int));

      // Repeat the process for 'y'.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, yField);
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, typeof(int));

      // All three arguments for String.Format are on the execution
      // stack. Call the static method, which pops the three arguments
      // off the stack and pushes the return value onto the stack.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, strFormat);

      // Call the static String.Concat method to concatenate the value
      // of the Text property and the formatted string.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, concat2);

      // The stack now has an instance of TextBlock and the concatenated
      // string. Call the "set" accessor, which pops these items off the
      // stack and stores the string in the property. 
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, setter);

      // There is nothing left on the stack, so it is safe to return 
      // from the Sub.
      il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

      // Create the type, and then create an instance of the type with
      // 'x' and 'y' values of 8 and 19.
      Type ptType = pointTypeBld.CreateType();
      object ptInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(ptType, new object[] { 8, 19 });

      // Invoke WritePoint, to display the values.
      ptType.InvokeMember("WritePoint", 
                          BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, 
                          Type.DefaultBinder, 
                          ptInstance, 
                          new object[] { outputBlock });
   }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

The value of the Point is: (8, 19)
 */

Version Information

Silverlight

Supported in: 5, 4, 3

Silverlight for Windows Phone

Supported in: Windows Phone OS 7.1

Platforms

For a list of the operating systems and browsers that are supported by Silverlight, see Supported Operating Systems and Browsers.

Thread Safety

Any public static (Shared in Visual Basic) members of this type are thread safe. Any instance members are not guaranteed to be thread safe.

See Also

Reference

System.Reflection.Emit Namespace