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11/17/2011

Walkthrough: Calling JavaScript from Managed Code

Microsoft Silverlight will reach end of support after October 2021. Learn more.

This topic shows how to call JavaScript from managed code in a Web page that includes the Silverlight plug-in. Using managed code in a Silverlight-based application to call client script typically involves the following tasks:

Handling the Startup event of the XAML Application object in order to bind client script to the XAML code.
Registering the client-script event.
Invoking client script from managed class methods.

Note:
Silverlight for Windows Phone does not support the HTML Bridge feature.

Prerequisites

You need the following components to complete this walkthrough:

Silverlight 5.
Silverlight Tools for Visual Studio 2010.
Microsoft Visual Studio 2010.

All of the Silverlight software is available from the Silverlight download site.

Creating a Silverlight Project and Test Page

The first step is to create a Silverlight project and a test page.

To create a Silverlight project and test page

Create a new Silverlight Application project named M2JS in Visual Basic or Visual C#. Select the Host the Silverlight application in a new Web site option. For more information, see How to: Create a New Silverlight Project.
Open the M2JSTestPage.html file in Design view.
Add an HTML button to the page.
Set the following properties of the button:
- id: "btnCallJSMethod"
- value: "Click to make a managed call to a JavaScript method"
The following example shows the markup for the button.
```
<input type="button" id="btnCallJSMethod"
  value="Click to make a managed call to a JavaScript method" />
```

Binding the HTML Button Event to XAML Code

An App.xaml file is automatically created when you create a Silverlight project. The code-behind file for the App.xaml file (App.xaml.cs for C# and App.xaml.vb for Visual Basic) defines an App class that contains an Application_Startup method. You can write code in this method to bind or establish a connection between your Web page and a managed class.

To bind a client event to XAML code

Open the code-behind class file for the App.xaml file.
At the top of the file, add a using or Imports statement to import the System.Windows.Browser namespace.

Add code to the Application_Startup method that performs the following tasks:

Gets a reference to the System.Windows.Browser.HtmlDocument object.
Creates a delegate for a method named CallGlobalJSMethod in the current class.
Binds the CallGlobalJSMethod method to the click event of the HTML button using the document reference and the delegate.

The following example shows the completed Application_Startup method.

Private Sub Application_Startup(ByVal o As Object, ByVal e As StartupEventArgs) Handles Me.Startup
    Me.RootVisual = New Page()
    ' HtmlDocument requires Imports System.Windows.Browser.
    Dim doc As HtmlDocument = HtmlPage.Document
    Dim del As New EventHandler(AddressOf Me.CallGlobalJSMethod)

    ' Hook up the simple JavaScript method HTML button.
    doc.GetElementById("btnCallJSMethod").AttachEvent("click", del)
End Sub

private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e) {
    this.RootVisual = new Page();
    // HtmlDocument requires using System.Windows.Browser.
    HtmlDocument doc = HtmlPage.Document;

    // Hook up the simple JavaScript method HTML button.
    doc.GetElementById("btnCallJSMethod").AttachEvent("click", 
        new EventHandler(this.CallGlobalJSMethod));
}

In the App class, add the CallGlobalJSMethod method to perform the following tasks:

Get the current date and time and build it into a string that indicates that the date and time was calculated in managed code.
Call the HtmlPage.Window.Invoke method to call the client-script function named globalJSMethod, passing it the date-time string.

The following example shows the completed CallGlobalJSMethod method.

' Call a global JavaScript method defined on the HTML page.
Private Sub CallGlobalJSMethod(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
    Dim strMS As String = DateTime.Now.Millisecond.ToString()
    Dim strTime As String = "Time came from managed code" + ControlChars.NewLine _
              + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString() _
              + " MS = " + strMS

    HtmlPage.Window.Invoke("globalJSMethod", strTime)
End Sub

// Call a global JavaScript method defined on the HTML page.
private void CallGlobalJSMethod(object o, EventArgs e) {

    string strMS = DateTime.Now.Millisecond.ToString();

    string strTime = "Time came from managed code \n"
        + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
        + " MS = " + strMS;

    HtmlPage.Window.Invoke("globalJSMethod", strTime);
}

Calling the Client-Script Function from Managed Code

The next step is to add a client-script function to a Web page that contains the Silverlight plug-in.

To call JavaScript from managed code

Open the M2JSTestPage.html file in Source view.
Just before the closing </head> tag, create a script element.
In the script element, create a CallGlobalJSMethod function that will be called from the managed code. The function will be passed one parameter that contains the data that is passed from the managed-code method.

The following example shows the globalJSMethod method. The code displays the managed-code data and adds data generated in the client-script function.
```
<script type="text/javascript">
function globalJSMethod(strParamGGS){
    var d = new Date();
    alert(strParamGGS + " \n JavaScript milliseconds: " +
        d.getMilliseconds());
}
</script>
```
Build the application.
Right-click the M2JSTestPage.html page and then click View in Browser.
Click the Click to make a managed call to a JavaScript method button.

A message box displays the time in milliseconds when the managed-code method ran and the time in milliseconds when the client script ran.

Example

The following example shows the App.xaml code-behind and the relevant markup for the HTML test page (M2JSTestPage.html).

Code

' App.xaml.vb
Imports System.Windows.Browser

Partial Public Class App
    Inherits Application

    Public Sub New()
        InitializeComponent()
    End Sub
    Private Sub Application_Startup(ByVal o As Object, ByVal e As StartupEventArgs) Handles Me.Startup
        Me.RootVisual = New Page()
        ' HtmlDocument requires Imports System.Windows.Browser.
        Dim doc As HtmlDocument = HtmlPage.Document
        Dim del As New EventHandler(AddressOf Me.CallGlobalJSMethod)

        ' Hook up the simple JavaScript method HTML button.
        doc.GetElementById("btnCallJSMethod").AttachEvent("click", del)
    End Sub

    ' Call a global JavaScript method defined on the HTML page.
    Private Sub CallGlobalJSMethod(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
        Dim strMS As String = DateTime.Now.Millisecond.ToString()
        Dim strTime As String = "Time came from managed code" + ControlChars.NewLine _
                  + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString() _
                  + " MS = " + strMS

        HtmlPage.Window.Invoke("globalJSMethod", strTime)
    End Sub

End Class

// App.xaml.cs
using System.Windows;
using System;
using System.Windows.Browser;

namespace M2JS {
    public partial class App : Application {

        public App() {
            this.Startup += this.Application_Startup;

            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e) {
            this.RootVisual = new Page();
            // HtmlDocument requires using System.Windows.Browser.
            HtmlDocument doc = HtmlPage.Document;

            // Hook up the simple JavaScript method HTML button.
            doc.GetElementById("btnCallJSMethod").AttachEvent("click", 
                new EventHandler(this.CallGlobalJSMethod));
        }

        // Call a global JavaScript method defined on the HTML page.
        private void CallGlobalJSMethod(object o, EventArgs e) {

            string strMS = DateTime.Now.Millisecond.ToString();

            string strTime = "Time came from managed code \n"
                + DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()
                + " MS = " + strMS;

            HtmlPage.Window.Invoke("globalJSMethod", strTime);
        }

    }
}

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
    <title>Silverlight Project Test Page </title>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    function globalJSMethod(strParamGGS){
        var d = new Date();
        alert(strParamGGS + " \n JavaScript milliseconds: " +
        d.getMilliseconds());
    }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="silverlightControlHost">
        <input type="button" id="btnCallJSMethod" 
          value="Click to make a managed call to a JavaScript method" />
        <object data="data:application/x-silverlight-2," type="application/x-silverlight-2">
            <param name="source" value="ClientBin/M2JS.xap" />
        </object>
        <iframe id="_sl_historyFrame"
          style="visibility:hidden;height:0px;width:0px;border:0px"></iframe>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

共用方式為

Walkthrough: Calling JavaScript from Managed Code

Prerequisites

Creating a Silverlight Project and Test Page

To create a Silverlight project and test page

Binding the HTML Button Event to XAML Code

To bind a client event to XAML code

Calling the Client-Script Function from Managed Code

To call JavaScript from managed code

Example

Code

See Also

Tasks

Reference

Other Resources

其他資源