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Command design

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Applies to: yesVisual Studio noVisual Studio for Mac

Note

This article applies to Visual Studio 2017. If you're looking for the latest Visual Studio documentation, see Visual Studio documentation. We recommend upgrading to the latest version of Visual Studio. Download it here

When you add a command to a VSPackage, you must specify where it is to appear, when it is available, and how it is to be handled.

Define commands

To define new commands, include a Visual Studio command table (.vsct) file in your VSPackage project. If you have created a VSPackage by using the Visual Studio package template, the project includes one of these files. For more information, see Visual Studio command table (.vsct) files.

Visual Studio merges all the .vsct files it finds so that it can display the commands. Because these files are distinct from the VSPackage binary, Visual Studio does not have to load the package to find the commands. For more information, see How VSPackages add user interface elements.

Visual Studio uses the ProvideMenuResourceAttribute registration attribute to define menu resources and commands. For more information, see Command implementation.

Commands can be changed at run time in a number of different ways. They can be displayed or hidden, enabled or disabled. They can display different text or icons, or contain different values. A great deal of customization may be performed before Visual Studio loads your VSPackage. For more information, see How VSPackages add user interface elements.

Command handlers

When you create a command, you must provide an event handler to execute the command. If the user selects the command, it must be appropriately routed. Routing a command means sending it to the correct VSPackage to enable or disable it, hide or display it, and execute it if the user chooses to do so. For more information, see Command routing algorithm.

Visual Studio command environment

Visual Studio can host any number of VSPackages, and each can contribute its own command set. The environment displays only the commands that are appropriate to the current task. For more information, see Command availability and Selection context objects.

A VSPackage that defines new commands, menus, toolbars, or shortcut menus provides its command information to the Visual Studio at installation time through registry entries that reference resources in native or managed assemblies. Each resource then references a binary data resource (.cto) file, which is produced when you compile a Visual Studio command table (.vsct) file. This enables Visual Studio to provide merged command sets, menus, and toolbars without having to load every installed VSPackage.

Command organization

The environment positions commands by group, priority, and menu.

  • Groups are logical collections of related commands, for example, the Cut, Copy, and Paste command group. Groups are the commands that appear on menus.

  • Priority determines the order in which individual commands in a group appear on the menu.

  • Menus act as containers for groups.

    The environment predefines some commands, groups, and menus. For more information, see Default command, group, and toolbar placement.

    A command can be assigned to a primary group. The primary group controls the position of the command in the main menu structure and in the Customize dialog box. A command can appear in multiple groups; for example, a command can be on the main menu, on a shortcut menu, and on a toolbar. For more information, see How VSPackages add user interface elements.

Command routing

The process of invoking and routing commands for VSPackages differs from the process of calling methods on object instances.

The environment routes commands sequentially from the innermost (local) command context, which is based on current selection, to the outermost (global) context. The first context that is able to execute the command is the one that handles it. For more information, see Command routing algorithm.

In most instances, the environment handles commands by using the IOleCommandTarget interface. Because the command routing scheme enables many different objects to handle commands, IOleCommandTarget can be implemented by any number of objects; these include Microsoft ActiveX controls, window view implementations, document objects, project hierarchies, and VSPackage objects themselves (for global commands). In some specialized cases, for example, routing commands in a hierarchy, the IVsHierarchy interface must be implemented.

Title Description
Command implementation Describes how to implement commands in a VSPackage.
Command availability Describes how Visual Studio context determines which commands are available.
Command routing algorithm Describes how Visual Studio command routing architecture enables commands to be handled by different VSPackages.
Command placement guidelines Suggests how to position commands in the Visual Studio environment.
How VSPackages add user interface elements Describes how VSPackages can best utilize the Visual Studio command architecture.
Default command, group, and toolbar placement Describes how VSPackages can best use the commands that are included in Visual Studio.
Manage VSPackages Describes how Visual Studio loads VSPackages.
Visual Studio command table (.vsct) files Provides information about XML-based .vsct files, which are used to describe the layout and appearance of commands in VSPackages.