HOW TO：從多個來源填入物件集合 (LINQ)
本範例示範如何將不同來源的資料合併成新的型別。
.gif "注意事項") 注意事項 |
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請不要嘗試將記憶體中資料或檔案系統中的資料，與仍然在資料庫中的資料聯結。這類跨定義域的聯結會產生未定義的結果，原因是針對資料庫查詢和其他類型的來源定義聯結作業的方式可能不同。此外，如果資料庫中的資料量太大，這類作業也可能會導致記憶體不足的例外狀況 (Exception)。若要將資料庫中的資料聯結至記憶體中資料，請先在資料庫查詢中呼叫 ToList 或 ToArray，然後再對傳回的集合執行聯結。 |
若要建立資料檔案
- 建立新的 Visual C# 或 Visual Basic 專案，然後將 names.csv 和 scores.csv 檔案複製到包含方案資料夾的資料夾中，如 HOW TO：從不同的檔案聯結內容 (LINQ) 中所述。
範例
下列範例顯示如何使用具名型別 Student，來儲存將兩個記憶體中字串集合合併得來的資料，這些字串模擬 .csv 格式的試算表資料。第一個字串集合表示學生名稱和學號，而第二個集合表示學生學號 (第一欄) 和四個測驗分數。學號會當做外部索引鍵使用。
Class Student
Public FirstName As String
Public LastName As String
Public ID As Integer
Public ExamScores As List(Of Integer)
End Class
Class PopulateCollection
Shared Sub Main()
' Merge content from spreadsheets into a list of Student objects.
' These data files are defined in How to: Join Content from
' Dissimilar Files (LINQ).
' Each line of names.csv consists of a last name, a first name, and an
' ID number, separated by commas. For example, Omelchenko,Svetlana,111
Dim names As String() = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines("../../../names.csv")
' Each line of scores.csv consists of an ID number and four test
' scores, separated by commas. For example, 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
Dim scores As String() = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines("../../../scores.csv")
' The following query merges the content of two dissimilar spreadsheets
' based on common ID values.
' Multiple From clauses are used instead of a Join clause
' in order to store the results of scoreLine.Split.
' Note the dynamic creation of a list of integers for the
' ExamScores member. We skip the first item in the split string
' because it is the student ID, not an exam score.
Dim queryNamesScores = From nameLine In names
Let splitName = nameLine.Split(New Char() {","})
From scoreLine In scores
Let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(New Char() {","})
Where splitName(2) = splitScoreLine(0)
Select New Student() With {
.FirstName = splitName(0), .LastName = splitName(1), .ID = splitName(2),
.ExamScores = (From scoreAsText In splitScoreLine Skip 1
Select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).ToList()}
' Optional. Store the query results for faster access in future
' queries. This could be useful with very large data files.
Dim students As List(Of Student) = queryNamesScores.ToList()
' Display each student's name and exam score average.
For Each s In students
Console.WriteLine("The average score of " & s.FirstName & " " &
s.LastName & " is " & s.ExamScores.Average())
Next
' Keep console window open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
End Class
' Output:
' The average score of Omelchenko Svetlana is 82.5
' The average score of O'Donnell Claire is 72.25
' The average score of Mortensen Sven is 84.5
' The average score of Garcia Cesar is 88.25
' The average score of Garcia Debra is 67
' The average score of Fakhouri Fadi is 92.25
' The average score of Feng Hanying is 88
' The average score of Garcia Hugo is 85.75
' The average score of Tucker Lance is 81.75
' The average score of Adams Terry is 85.25
' The average score of Zabokritski Eugene is 83
' The average score of Tucker Michael is 92
class Student
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int ID { get; set; }
public List<int> ExamScores { get; set; }
}
class PopulateCollection
{
static void Main()
{
// These data files are defined in How to: Join Content from
// Dissimilar Files (LINQ).
// Each line of names.csv consists of a last name, a first name, and an
// ID number, separated by commas. For example, Omelchenko,Svetlana,111
string[] names = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../names.csv");
// Each line of scores.csv consists of an ID number and four test
// scores, separated by commas. For example, 111, 97, 92, 81, 60
string[] scores = System.IO.File.ReadAllLines(@"../../../scores.csv");
// Merge the data sources using a named type.
// var could be used instead of an explicit type. Note the dynamic
// creation of a list of ints for the ExamScores member. We skip
// the first item in the split string because it is the student ID,
// not an exam score.
IEnumerable<Student> queryNamesScores =
from nameLine in names
let splitName = nameLine.Split(',')
from scoreLine in scores
let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(',')
where splitName[2] == splitScoreLine[0]
select new Student()
{
FirstName = splitName[0],
LastName = splitName[1],
ID = Convert.ToInt32(splitName[2]),
ExamScores = (from scoreAsText in splitScoreLine.Skip(1)
select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).
ToList()
};
// Optional. Store the newly created student objects in memory
// for faster access in future queries. This could be useful with
// very large data files.
List<Student> students = queryNamesScores.ToList();
// Display each student's name and exam score average.
foreach (var student in students)
{
Console.WriteLine("The average score of {0} {1} is {2}.",
student.FirstName, student.LastName,
student.ExamScores.Average());
}
//Keep console window open in debug mode
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/* Output:
The average score of Omelchenko Svetlana is 82.5.
The average score of O'Donnell Claire is 72.25.
The average score of Mortensen Sven is 84.5.
The average score of Garcia Cesar is 88.25.
The average score of Garcia Debra is 67.
The average score of Fakhouri Fadi is 92.25.
The average score of Feng Hanying is 88.
The average score of Garcia Hugo is 85.75.
The average score of Tucker Lance is 81.75.
The average score of Adams Terry is 85.25.
The average score of Zabokritski Eugene is 83.
The average score of Tucker Michael is 92.
*/
在 select 字串中，則會使用物件初始設定式，以利用兩個來源的資料具現化 (Instantiate) 每個新 Student 物件。
如果您不需要儲存查詢的結果，則匿名型別會比具名型別方便使用。如果要在執行查詢的方法外傳遞查詢結果，則必須使用具名型別。下列範例會執行與上一個範例相同的工作，但使用的是匿名型別而非具名型別：
' Merge the data by using an anonymous type.
' Note the dynamic creation of a list of integers for the
' ExamScores member. We skip 1 because the first string
' in the array is the student ID, not an exam score.
Dim queryNamesScores2 =
From nameLine In names
Let splitName = nameLine.Split(New Char() {","})
From scoreLine In scores
Let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(New Char() {","})
Where splitName(2) = splitScoreLine(0)
Select New With
{.Last = splitName(0),
.First = splitName(1),
.ExamScores = (From scoreAsText In splitScoreLine Skip 1
Select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText)).ToList()}
' Display each student's name and exam score average.
For Each s In queryNamesScores2
Console.WriteLine("The average score of " & s.First & " " &
s.Last & " is " & s.ExamScores.Average())
Next
// Merge the data sources by using an anonymous type.
// Note the dynamic creation of a list of ints for the
// ExamScores member. We skip 1 because the first string
// in the array is the student ID, not an exam score.
var queryNamesScores2 =
from nameLine in names
let splitName = nameLine.Split(',')
from scoreLine in scores
let splitScoreLine = scoreLine.Split(',')
where splitName[2] == splitScoreLine[0]
select new
{
First = splitName[0],
Last = splitName[1],
ExamScores = (from scoreAsText in splitScoreLine.Skip(1)
select Convert.ToInt32(scoreAsText))
.ToList()
};
// Display each student's name and exam score average.
foreach (var student in queryNamesScores2)
{
Console.WriteLine("The average score of {0} {1} is {2}.",
student.First, student.Last, student.ExamScores.Average());
}
編譯程式碼
依照 HOW TO：從不同的檔案聯結內容 (LINQ) 中的指示，設定原始程式檔。
建立以 .NET Framework 3.5 版或以後版本為目標的 Visual Studio 專案。專案預設會含 System.Core.dll 的參考，以及 System.Linq 命名空間 (Namespace) 的 using 指示詞 (C#) 或 Imports 陳述式 (Visual Basic)。
請將這段程式碼複製到您的專案，
按 F5 編譯和執行程式。
按任何鍵離開主控台視窗。