正規化
更新：2007 年 11 月
有些 Unicode 字元具有多個對等的二進位表示，這是由許多結合 and/or 的複合字元集所組成。單一字元有多種表示，使得搜尋、排序、比對和其他作業變得更為複雜。
Unicode 標準會定義稱為正規化的程序，針對任何字元的對等二進位表示，傳回一項二進位表示。正規化可以使用多種演算法，這些演算法稱為正規化表單，必須遵守不同的規則。.NET Framework 目前支援 Unicode 正規化格式 C、D、KC 及 KD。
.gif "注意事項") 注意事項： |
|---|
對於兩個正規化為相同正規化表單的字串，可以使用序數比較 (也就是字元對字元的二進位比較) 來加以比較。 |
如需由 .NET Framework 支援之正規化格式的詳細資訊，請參閱 NormalizationForm。如需正規化、字元切割及等價的詳細資訊，請參閱位於 Unicode 主站台的 Unicode 標準附錄 #15，＜Unicode 正規化格式＞。
正規化字串
應用程式應使用 String 物件的 String.Normalize 方法來傳回依預設正規化為正規化表單 C 的新字串。或者，應用程式可以使用 String 物件的 String.Normalize 方法來指定 NormalizationForm 值，傳回特別正規化為正規化表單 C、D、KC 或 KD 的新字串。
測試判斷字串是否正規化
您的應用程式可以使用 String 物件的 String.IsNormalized 方法來判斷物件的字串值是否正規化為正規化表單 C。或者，應用程式可以使用 String 物件的 String.IsNormalized 方法來指定特定的 NormalizationForm 值，以判斷物件的字串值是否特別正規化為正規化表單 C、D、KC 或 KD。
範例
下列程式碼範例示範 IsNormalized 和 Normalize 方法。這個程式碼範例會測試來判斷原始字串是否為四種正規化表單中的任何一種、建立原始字串的每種正規化表單版本、測試來判斷每個正規化字串是否為預期的正規化表單，然後在每個正規化字串中顯示每個字元的十六進位字碼指標。
' This example demonstrates the String.Normalize method
' and the String.IsNormalized method
Imports System
Imports System.Text
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic
Class Sample
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
Dim s1 = New [String](New Char() {ChrW(&H0063), ChrW(&H0301), ChrW(&H0327), ChrW(&H00BE)})
Dim s2 As String = Nothing
Dim divider = New [String]("-"c, 80)
divider = [String].Concat(Environment.NewLine, divider, Environment.NewLine)
Try
Show("s1", s1)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C")
Console.WriteLine("U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT")
Console.WriteLine("U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA")
Console.WriteLine("U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS")
Console.WriteLine(divider)
Console.WriteLine("A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized())
Console.WriteLine("A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC))
Console.WriteLine("A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD))
Console.WriteLine("A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC))
Console.WriteLine("A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}", s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD))
Console.WriteLine(divider)
Console.WriteLine("Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.")
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE")
Console.WriteLine("U+0033 = DIGIT THREE")
Console.WriteLine("U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH")
Console.WriteLine("U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR")
Console.WriteLine(divider)
s2 = s1.Normalize()
Console.Write("B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: ")
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized())
Show("s2", s2)
Console.WriteLine()
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC)
Console.Write("B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: ")
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC))
Show("s2", s2)
Console.WriteLine()
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD)
Console.Write("B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: ")
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD))
Show("s2", s2)
Console.WriteLine()
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKC)
Console.Write("B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: ")
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC))
Show("s2", s2)
Console.WriteLine()
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD)
Console.Write("B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: ")
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD))
Show("s2", s2)
Console.WriteLine()
Catch e As Exception
Console.WriteLine(e.Message)
End Try
End Sub 'Main
Private Shared Sub Show(title As String, s As String)
Console.Write("Characters in string {0} = ", title)
Dim x As Char
For Each x In s.ToCharArray()
Console.Write("{0:X4} ", AscW(x))
Next x
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub 'Show
End Class 'Sample
'
'This example produces the following results:
'
'Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE
'
'U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
'U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
'U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
'U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
'
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
'A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
'A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: False
'A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: False
'A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
'A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False
'
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
'Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.
'
'U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
'U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
'U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
'U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR
'
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
'B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
'
'B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
'
'B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE
'
'B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034
'
'B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
'Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034
'
// This example demonstrates the String.Normalize method
// and the String.IsNormalized method
using System;
using System.Text;
class Sample
{
public static void Main()
{
// Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
string s1 = new String( new char[] {'\u0063', '\u0301', '\u0327', '\u00BE'});
string s2 = null;
string divider = new String('-', 80);
divider = String.Concat(Environment.NewLine, divider, Environment.NewLine);
try
{
Show("s1", s1);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C");
Console.WriteLine("U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT");
Console.WriteLine("U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA");
Console.WriteLine("U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS");
Console.WriteLine(divider);
Console.WriteLine("A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {0}",
s1.IsNormalized());
Console.WriteLine("A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: {0}",
s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC));
Console.WriteLine("A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: {0}",
s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD));
Console.WriteLine("A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}",
s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC));
Console.WriteLine("A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}",
s1.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD));
Console.WriteLine(divider);
Console.WriteLine("Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE");
Console.WriteLine("U+0033 = DIGIT THREE");
Console.WriteLine("U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH");
Console.WriteLine("U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR");
Console.WriteLine(divider);
s2 = s1.Normalize();
Console.Write("B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized());
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
Console.Write("B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
Console.Write("B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKC);
Console.Write("B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD);
Console.Write("B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
}
private static void Show(string title, string s)
{
Console.Write("Characters in string {0} = ", title);
foreach(short x in s.ToCharArray())
{
Console.Write("{0:X4} ", x);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
/*
This example produces the following results:
Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE
U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: False
A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: False
A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.
U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE
B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034
B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034
*/
// This example demonstrates the String.Normalize method
// and the String.IsNormalized method
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Text;
void Show( String^ title, String^ s )
{
Console::Write( "Characters in string {0} = ", title );
System::Collections::IEnumerator^ myEnum = s->ToCharArray()->GetEnumerator();
while ( myEnum->MoveNext() )
{
/*) * __try_cast < Char * > ( myEnum -> Current );*/
int x;
Console::Write( "{0:X4} ", x );
}
Console::WriteLine();
}
int main()
{
// Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
array<Char>^temp0 = {L'c',L'\u0301',L'\u0327',L'\u00BE'};
String^ s1 = gcnew String( temp0 );
String^ s2 = nullptr;
String^ divider = gcnew String( '-',80 );
divider = String::Concat( Environment::NewLine, divider, Environment::NewLine );
try
{
Show( "s1", s1 );
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C" );
Console::WriteLine( "U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT" );
Console::WriteLine( "U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA" );
Console::WriteLine( "U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS" );
Console::WriteLine( divider );
Console::WriteLine( "A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized() );
Console::WriteLine( "A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormC ) );
Console::WriteLine( "A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormD ) );
Console::WriteLine( "A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKC ) );
Console::WriteLine( "A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}", s1->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKD ) );
Console::WriteLine( divider );
Console::WriteLine( "Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1." );
Console::WriteLine();
Console::WriteLine( "U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE" );
Console::WriteLine( "U+0033 = DIGIT THREE" );
Console::WriteLine( "U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH" );
Console::WriteLine( "U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR" );
Console::WriteLine( divider );
s2 = s1->Normalize();
Console::Write( "B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: " );
Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized() );
Show( "s2", s2 );
Console::WriteLine();
s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormC );
Console::Write( "B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: " );
Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormC ) );
Show( "s2", s2 );
Console::WriteLine();
s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormD );
Console::Write( "B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: " );
Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormD ) );
Show( "s2", s2 );
Console::WriteLine();
s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormKC );
Console::Write( "B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: " );
Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKC ) );
Show( "s2", s2 );
Console::WriteLine();
s2 = s1->Normalize( NormalizationForm::FormKD );
Console::Write( "B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: " );
Console::WriteLine( s2->IsNormalized( NormalizationForm::FormKD ) );
Show( "s2", s2 );
Console::WriteLine();
}
catch ( Exception^ e )
{
Console::WriteLine( e->Message );
}
}
/*
This example produces the following results:
Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE
U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: False
A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: False
A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.
U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE
B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034
B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034
*/
// This example demonstrates the String.Normalize method
// and the String.IsNormalized method
import System.*;
import System.Text.*;
class Sample
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Character c; combining characters acute and cedilla; character 3/4
String s1 = new String(new char[] { '\u0063', '\u0301', '\u0327',
'\u00BE' });
String s2 = null;
String divider = new String('-', 80);
divider = String.Concat(Environment.get_NewLine(), divider,
Environment.get_NewLine());
try {
Show("s1", s1);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C");
Console.WriteLine("U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT");
Console.WriteLine("U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA");
Console.WriteLine("U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS");
Console.WriteLine(divider);
Console.WriteLine("A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form "
+ "(Form C)?: {0}", System.Convert.ToString(s1.IsNormalized()));
Console.WriteLine("A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: {0}",
System.Convert.ToString(s1.
IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC)));
Console.WriteLine("A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: {0}",
System.Convert.ToString(s1.
IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD)));
Console.WriteLine("A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: {0}",
System.Convert.ToString(s1.
IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC)));
Console.WriteLine("A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: {0}",
System.Convert.ToString(s1.
IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD)));
Console.WriteLine(divider);
Console.WriteLine("Set string s2 to each normalized form of "
+ "string s1.");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA "
+ "AND ACUTE");
Console.WriteLine("U+0033 = DIGIT THREE");
Console.WriteLine("U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH");
Console.WriteLine("U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR");
Console.WriteLine(divider);
s2 = s1.Normalize();
Console.Write("B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form "
+ "(Form C)?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized());
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC);
Console.Write("B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormC));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormD);
Console.Write("B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormD));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKC);
Console.Write("B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKC));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
s2 = s1.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormKD);
Console.Write("B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: ");
Console.WriteLine(s2.IsNormalized(NormalizationForm.FormKD));
Show("s2", s2);
Console.WriteLine();
}
catch (System.Exception e) {
Console.WriteLine(e.get_Message());
}
} //main
private static void Show(String title, String s)
{
Console.Write("Characters in string {0} = ", title);
char myCharArray[] = s.ToCharArray();
for (int iCtr = 0; iCtr < myCharArray.length; iCtr++) {
char c = myCharArray[iCtr];
Console.Write(((System.Int32)c).ToString("X4") + " ");
}
Console.WriteLine();
} //Show
} //Sample
/*
This example produces the following results:
Characters in string s1 = 0063 0301 0327 00BE
U+0063 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C
U+0301 = COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0327 = COMBINING CEDILLA
U+00BE = VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A1) Is s1 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: False
A2) Is s1 normalized to Form C?: False
A3) Is s1 normalized to Form D?: False
A4) Is s1 normalized to Form KC?: False
A5) Is s1 normalized to Form KD?: False
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set string s2 to each normalized form of string s1.
U+1E09 = LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE
U+0033 = DIGIT THREE
U+2044 = FRACTION SLASH
U+0034 = DIGIT FOUR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1) Is s2 normalized to the default form (Form C)?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
B2) Is s2 normalized to Form C?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 00BE
B3) Is s2 normalized to Form D?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 00BE
B4) Is s2 normalized to Form KC?: True
Characters in string s2 = 1E09 0033 2044 0034
B5) Is s2 normalized to Form KD?: True
Characters in string s2 = 0063 0327 0301 0033 2044 0034
*/