HOW TO：在自己的執行緒上顯示每個 Windows Form 以支援 COM Interop

發行項
08/21/2008

更新：2007 年 11 月

您可以在 .NET Framework 訊息迴圈上顯示表單，藉此解決 COM 的互通性問題，這個訊息迴圈可以使用 Application.Run 方法來建立。

若要使 Windows Form 能從 COM 用戶端應用程式正確運作，您就必須在 Windows Form 訊息迴圈上執行表單。若要這麼做，請使用下列其中一種方法：

您可以使用 Form.ShowDialog 方法來顯示 Windows Form。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：顯示 Windows Form 和 ShowDialog 方法以支援 COM Interop。
在個別的執行緒上顯示每一個 Windows Form。
在 .NET Framework 元件中的新執行緒上建立共用的訊息迴圈。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：在共用執行緒上顯示 Windows Form 以支援 COM Interop。

在 Visual Studio 中對此功能有相當廣泛的支援。

範例

下列程式碼範例示範如何在個別的執行緒上顯示表單，並呼叫 Application.Run 方法，在該執行緒上開始 Windows Form 訊息幫浦 (Message Pump)。若要使用這個方法，您必須從 Unmanaged 應用程式使用 Invoke 方法封送處理對表單的任何呼叫。

這個方式需要表單的每個執行個體使用自己的訊息迴圈在自己的執行緒上執行。您不能讓每個執行緒上有超過一個以上的訊息迴圈。因此，您不能變更用戶端應用程式的訊息迴圈。不過，您可以修改 .NET Framework 元件，開始一個使用自己的訊息迴圈的新執行緒。

Imports System.Windows.Forms
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

<ComClass(COMForm.ClassId, COMForm.InterfaceId, COMForm.EventsId)> _
Public Class COMForm

#Region "COM GUIDs"
    ' These  GUIDs provide the COM identity for this class 
    ' and its COM interfaces. If you change them, existing 
    ' clients will no longer be able to access the class.
    Public Const ClassId As String = "1b49fe33-7c93-41ae-9dc7-8ac4d823286a"
    Public Const InterfaceId As String = "11651e1f-6db0-4c9e-b644-dcb79e6de2f6"
    Public Const EventsId As String = "7e61f977-b39d-47a6-8f34-f743c65ae3a3"
#End Region

    ' A creatable COM class must have a Public Sub New() 
    ' with no parameters, otherwise, the class will not be 
    ' registered in the COM registry and cannot be created 
    ' via CreateObject.
    Public Sub New()
        MyBase.New()
    End Sub

    Private WithEvents frmManager As FormManager

    Public Sub ShowForm1()
        ' Call the StartForm method by using a new instance
        ' of the Form1 class.
        StartForm(New Form1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub StartForm(ByVal frm As Form)

        ' This procedure is used to show all forms
        ' that the client application requests. When the first form
        ' is displayed, this code will create a new message
        ' loop that runs on a new thread. The new form will
        ' be treated as the main form.

        ' Later forms will be shown on the same message loop.
        If IsNothing(frmManager) Then
            frmManager = New FormManager(frm)
        Else
            frmManager.ShowForm(frm)
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub frmManager_MessageLoopExit() _
    Handles frmManager.MessageLoopExit

        'Release the reference to the frmManager object.
        frmManager = Nothing

    End Sub

End Class

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Windows.Forms

<ComVisible(False)> _
Friend Class FormManager
    ' This class is used so that you can generically pass any
    ' form that you want to the delegate.

    Private WithEvents appContext As ApplicationContext
    Private Delegate Sub FormShowDelegate(ByVal form As Form)
    Event MessageLoopExit()

    Public Sub New(ByVal MainForm As Form)
        Dim t As Thread
        If IsNothing(appContext) Then
            appContext = New ApplicationContext(MainForm)
            t = New Thread(AddressOf StartMessageLoop)
            t.IsBackground = True
            t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA)
            t.Start()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub StartMessageLoop()
        ' Call the Application.Run method to run the form on its own message loop.
        Application.Run(appContext)
    End Sub

    Public Sub ShowForm(ByVal form As Form)

        Dim formShow As FormShowDelegate

        ' Start the main form first. Otherwise, focus will stay on the 
        ' calling form.
        appContext.MainForm.Activate()

        ' Create a new instance of the FormShowDelegate method, and
        ' then invoke the delegate off the MainForm object.
        formShow = New FormShowDelegate( _
        AddressOf ShowFormOnMainForm_MessageLoop)

        appContext.MainForm.Invoke(formShow, New Object() {form})
    End Sub

    Private Sub ShowFormOnMainForm_MessageLoop(ByVal form As Form)
        form.Show()
    End Sub

    Private Sub ac_ThreadExit( _
    ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles appContext.ThreadExit
        appContext.MainForm.Dispose()
        appContext.MainForm = Nothing
        appContext.Dispose()
        appContext = Nothing
        RaiseEvent MessageLoopExit()
    End Sub
End Class

Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private Sub Button1_Click( _
    ByVal sender As System.Object, _
    ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Button1.Click
        MessageBox.Show("Clicked button")
    End Sub

    'Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCode()> _
    Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
        If disposing AndAlso components IsNot Nothing Then
            components.Dispose()
        End If
        MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
    End Sub

    'Required by the Windows Form Designer
    Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer

    'NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer
    'It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.  
    'Do not modify it using the code editor.
    <System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> _
    Private Sub InitializeComponent()
        Me.TextBox1 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
        Me.TextBox2 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
        Me.TextBox3 = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
        Me.Button1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Button
        Me.SuspendLayout()
        '
        'TextBox1
        '
        Me.TextBox1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 12)
        Me.TextBox1.Name = "TextBox1"
        Me.TextBox1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(100, 20)
        Me.TextBox1.TabIndex = 0
        '
        'TextBox2
        '
        Me.TextBox2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 38)
        Me.TextBox2.Name = "TextBox2"
        Me.TextBox2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(100, 20)
        Me.TextBox2.TabIndex = 1
        '
        'TextBox3
        '
        Me.TextBox3.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 66)
        Me.TextBox3.Name = "TextBox3"
        Me.TextBox3.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(100, 20)
        Me.TextBox3.TabIndex = 2
        '
        'Button1
        '
        Me.Button1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(12, 92)
        Me.Button1.Name = "Button1"
        Me.Button1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(75, 23)
        Me.Button1.TabIndex = 3
        Me.Button1.Text = "Command"
        Me.Button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = True
        '
        'Form1
        '
        Me.AutoScaleDimensions = New System.Drawing.SizeF(6.0!, 13.0!)
        Me.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font
        Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(132, 146)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.Button1)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox3)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox2)
        Me.Controls.Add(Me.TextBox1)
        Me.Name = "Form1"
        Me.Text = "Form1"
        Me.ResumeLayout(False)
        Me.PerformLayout()

    End Sub
    Friend WithEvents TextBox1 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
    Friend WithEvents TextBox2 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
    Friend WithEvents TextBox3 As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox
    Friend WithEvents Button1 As System.Windows.Forms.Button

End Class

編譯程式碼

將 COMForm、Form1 和 FormManager 型別編譯到稱為 COMWinform.dll 的組件中。使用封裝 COM 的組件中所描述的其中一種方法，註冊 COM Interop 的組件。現在，您可以在 Unmanaged 應用程式中使用組件和其對應的型別程式庫 (.tlb) 檔案。例如，您可以在 Visual Basic 6.0 可執行檔專案中，將型別程式庫當做參考使用。