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回呼範例

更新:2007 年 11 月

這個範例示範如何將委派傳遞至預期函式指標的 Unmanaged 函式。委派是一種含有方法參考的類別,相當於型別安全函式指標或回呼函式 (Callback Function)。

注意事項:

當您在呼叫內使用委派時,在該呼叫期間,Common Language Runtime 會保護委派不被記憶體回收。不過,如果 Unmanaged 函式儲存在呼叫完成之後所要使用的委派,您必須在 Unmanaged 函式完成委派之前手動防止記憶體回收。如需詳細資訊,請參閱 HandleRef 範例GCHandle 範例

回呼範例使用下列 Unmanaged 函式,顯示其原始函式宣告:

  • 從 PinvokeLib.dll 匯出 TestCallBack

    void TestCallBack(FPTR pf, int value);
    
  • 從 PinvokeLib.dll 匯出 TestCallBack2

    void TestCallBack2(FPTR2 pf2, char* value);
    

PinvokeLib.dll 是自訂的 Unmanaged 程式庫,包含先前列示之函式的實作。

在這個範例中,LibWrap 類別包含 TestCallBack 和 TestCallBack2 方法的 Managed 原型。這兩個方法會將委派當成參數傳遞至回呼函式。委派的簽章 (Signature) 必須符合它所參考的方法簽章。例如,FPtr 和 FPtr2 委派具有相同於 DoSomething 與 DoSomething2 方法的簽章。

下列程式碼範例的原始程式碼是由 .NET Framework 平台叫用技術範例所提供。

宣告原型

Public Delegate Function FPtr( ByVal value As Integer ) As Boolean
Public Delegate Function FPtr2( ByVal value As String ) As Boolean

Public Class LibWrap
   ' Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
   Declare Sub TestCallBack Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( ByVal cb _
      As FPtr, ByVal value As Integer )
   Declare Sub TestCallBack2 Lib "..\LIB\PinvokeLib.dll" ( ByVal cb2 _
      As FPtr2, ByVal value As String )
End Class 'LibWrap
public delegate bool FPtr( int value );
public delegate bool FPtr2( String value );

public class LibWrap
{// Declares managed prototypes for unmanaged functions.
   [ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
   public static extern void TestCallBack( FPtr cb, int value );   
   [ DllImport( "..\\LIB\\PinvokeLib.dll" )]
   public static extern void TestCallBack2( FPtr2 cb2, String value );   
}

呼叫函式

Public Class App
   Public Shared Sub Main()

      Dim cb As FPtr
      cb = AddressOf App.DoSomething
      Dim cb2 As FPtr2
      cb2 = AddressOf App.DoSomething2
      LibWrap.TestCallBack( cb, 99 )
      LibWrap.TestCallBack2( cb2, "abc" )
   End Sub 'Main
   Public Shared Function DoSomething( ByVal value As Integer ) As Boolean
      Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf + "Callback called with _
         param: {0}", value )
      …
   End Function 'DoSomething
   Public Shared Function DoSomething2( ByVal value As String ) As Boolean
      Console.WriteLine( ControlChars.CrLf + "Callback called with _
          param: {0}", value )
      …
   End Function 'DoSomething2
End Class 'App
public class App
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      FPtr cb = new FPtr( App.DoSomething );
      LibWrap.TestCallBack( cb, 99 );
      FPtr2 cb2 = new FPtr2( App.DoSomething2 );
      LibWrap.TestCallBack2( cb2, "abc" );
   }
   
   public static bool DoSomething( int value )
   {
      Console.WriteLine( "\nCallback called with param: {0}", value );
      …
   }
   public static bool DoSomething2( String value )
   {
      Console.WriteLine( "\nCallback called with param: {0}", value );
      …
   }   
}

請參閱

概念

其他封送處理範例

平台叫用資料型別

在 Managed 程式碼中建立原型