使用者入門：用戶端與伺服器同步處理

發行項
10/17/2009

此主題描述能由單一資料表下載初始資料集，然後下載一組累加變更的主控台應用程式 (Console Application)。這個應用程式是很簡單、直接的，但是它能透過 Sync Framework 文件當中的許多方法，為您介紹已建置好的程式碼。如果您已經讀過用戶端與伺服器同步處理的架構與類別，您應該對於在應用程式中使用的主要類別有些了解。

您可以透過閱讀範例程式碼的方式學習。不過，直接執行此應用程式並看著它實際運作，對您會更有啟發，讓您學到更多。在您執行程式碼之前，請先確定您已經安裝了下列程式：

Sync Framework

此應用程式需要參考 Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.dll、Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server.dll 和 Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.dll。
SQL Server Compact Service Pack 1

此應用程式需要參考 System.Data.SqlServerCe.dll。
必須有不是 SQL Server Compact 版本的 SQL Server 做為伺服器資料庫使用。

此範例程式碼會在連接字串中使用 localhost。若要使用搭配 Visual Studio 安裝的 SQL Server Express 執行個體 (Instance)，將 localhost 變更為 .\sqlexpress。若要使用遠端伺服器，請將 localhost 變更為適當的伺服器名稱。
Sync Framework 範例資料庫。執行資料庫提供者的安裝指令碼 HOW-TO 主題中提供的兩套指令碼。建議您檢閱這兩套指令碼，查看伺服器資料庫中處理變更追蹤的方式。

應用程式是由六個類別組成：

SampleSyncAgent. 此類別衍生自 SyncAgent，並包含 SyncTable。
SampleServerSyncProvider. 此類別衍生自 DbServerSyncProvider，並包含 SyncAdapter。
SampleClientSyncProvider. 此類別衍生自 SqlCeClientSyncProvider。在此範例中，此類別只包含一個用戶端資料庫的連接字串。
SampleStats. 此類別會使用由 SyncAgent 傳回的統計資料。
Program. 此類別會設定同步處理，並從 Utility 類別中呼叫方法。
Utility. 此類別會處理所有與同步處理沒有直接關聯的功能，例如保留連接字串資訊以及對伺服器資料庫進行變更。在其他主題中會使用完整的 Utility 類別。關於此完整類別，請參閱資料庫提供者公用程式類別的 HOW-TO 主題。

API 的主要部分

在您查看完整的程式碼範例之前，我們建議您檢閱下列範例，它們說明了在此應用程式中使用的 API 的幾個主要區段。

建立 SyncTable

下列程式碼範例建立 Customer 資料表的 SyncTable 物件、指出同步處理的方向，以及指出在用戶端上應如何建立資料表。在這個案例中，如果資料表已存在於用戶端資料庫，在第一次同步處理中會卸除該資料表。

SyncTable customerSyncTable = new SyncTable("Customer");
customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable;
customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
this.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable);

Dim customerSyncTable As New SyncTable("Customer")
customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable
customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
Me.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable)

使用 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder

本節中每一套程式碼範例都會為 Customer 資料表建立 SyncAdapter。同步處理配接器 (Adapter) 提供伺服器同步處理提供者與伺服器資料庫互動所需的特定命令。在此應用程式中，同步處理配接器是使用 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 建立的。第一個範例示範如何使用 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 配合自訂變更追蹤系統。第二個範例示範如何使用 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 配合 SQL Server 變更追蹤 (在 SQL Server 2008 中提供)。如需有關變更追蹤的詳細資訊，請參閱追蹤伺服器資料庫中的變更。

如需如何手動而不使用產生器 (Builder) 來建立命令的詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：下載累加資料變更至用戶端。

使用自訂變更追蹤系統

若要使用自訂追蹤系統，請為 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 和 SyncAdapter 指定下列資訊：

要同步處理之資料表和「標記」(Tombstone) 資料表的名稱。標記資料表是用來在伺服器資料庫中追蹤刪除作業。如需詳細資訊，請參閱追蹤伺服器資料庫中的變更。如果資料表位於 dbo 之外的結構描述中，必須指定該結構描述。
同步處理的方向。這會控制 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 所建立的命令。如需有關命令的詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：指定快照集、下載、上傳及雙向同步處理。
在伺服器資料庫的追蹤資料行。此資料行用於在變更發生時追蹤變更，如此一來系統只會下載到新的變更。您可以包含其他資料行，以追蹤變更進行的位置。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：使用自訂變更追蹤系統。
SyncAdapter 的名稱。這必須符合 SyncTable 的名稱，因此，它不應該包含結構描述名稱。

SqlSyncAdapterBuilder customerBuilder = new SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn);

customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer";
customerBuilder.TombstoneTableName = customerBuilder.TableName + "_Tombstone";
customerBuilder.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
customerBuilder.CreationTrackingColumn = "InsertTimestamp";
customerBuilder.UpdateTrackingColumn = "UpdateTimestamp";
customerBuilder.DeletionTrackingColumn = "DeleteTimestamp";

SyncAdapter customerSyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter(false, false, false, false);
customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer";
this.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter);

Dim customerBuilder As New SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn)

customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer"
customerBuilder.TombstoneTableName = customerBuilder.TableName + "_Tombstone"
customerBuilder.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
customerBuilder.CreationTrackingColumn = "InsertTimestamp"
customerBuilder.UpdateTrackingColumn = "UpdateTimestamp"
customerBuilder.DeletionTrackingColumn = "DeleteTimestamp"

Dim customerSyncAdapter As SyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter()
customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer"
Me.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter)

使用 SQL Server 變更追蹤

若要使用 SQL Server 變更追蹤，請為 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 和 SyncAdapter 指定下列資訊：

要同步處理的資料表名稱。
同步處理的方向。這會控制 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 所建立的命令。如需有關命令的詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：指定快照集、下載、上傳及雙向同步處理。
要使用的變更追蹤類型。根據預設，Sync Framework 預期您會指定自訂變更追蹤資料行。在此程式碼範例中，指定了 SQL Server 變更追蹤。
SyncAdapter 的名稱。這必須符合 SyncTable 的名稱，因此，不應該包含結構描述名稱。

SqlSyncAdapterBuilder customerBuilder = new SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn);

customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer";
customerBuilder.ChangeTrackingType = ChangeTrackingType.SqlServerChangeTracking;

SyncAdapter customerSyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter();
customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer";
this.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter);

Dim customerBuilder As New SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn)

customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer"
customerBuilder.ChangeTrackingType = ChangeTrackingType.SqlServerChangeTracking

Dim customerSyncAdapter As SyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter()
customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer"
Me.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter)

指定新的錨定命令

下列程式碼範例指出可從伺服器擷取新的錨定值的命令。此值儲存在用戶端資料庫中，而同步 (Synchronize) 變更的指令會使用到它。在每一次的同步處理期間，會使用新的錨定值和來自上一個同步處理的最後一個錨定值：同步處理這些上限與下限之間的變更集。

在此情況中，MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION 會從 SQL Server 資料庫中傳回時間戳記值 (MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION 是在 SQL Server 2005 Service Pack 2 中加入的)。會使用時間戳記值的原因，是因為 SqlSyncAdapterBuilder 指定的追蹤資料行中包含了時間戳記值。如果追蹤資料行中也包含了日期值，您可以使用例如 GETUTCDATE() 函式 (而非 MIN_ACTIVE_ROWVERSION)。如需錨定的詳細資訊，請參閱追蹤伺服器資料庫中的變更。

SyncSession 類別包含幾個可用於同步處理命令的字串常數，SyncNewReceivedAnchor 就是其中之一。您也可以直接在您的查詢中使用常值 @sync_new_received_anchor。

SqlCommand selectNewAnchorCommand = new SqlCommand();
string newAnchorVariable = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor;
selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText = "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1";
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters[newAnchorVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn;
this.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand;

Dim selectNewAnchorCommand As New SqlCommand()
Dim newAnchorVariable As String = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor
selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText = "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1"
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters(newAnchorVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn
Me.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand

呼叫同步方法

下列程式碼範例會具現化 SampleSyncAgent，並呼叫 Synchronize 方法。在 SampleSyncAgent 類別中，指定 SampleClientSyncProvider 做為 LocalProvider，指定 SampleServerSyncProvider 做為 RemoteProvider，以及已描述過的同步處理資料表。

SampleSyncAgent sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent();
SyncStatistics syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();

Dim sampleSyncAgent As New SampleSyncAgent()
Dim syncStatistics As SyncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()

在 SampleStats 類別中，SyncAgent 傳回的統計資料，用於提供同步處理工作階段的回應給使用者。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：使用事件和程式商務邏輯。

Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncStartTime);
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " + syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded);
Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime);
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);

Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncStartTime)
Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " & syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded)
Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime)
Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)

完整程式碼範例

現在您已經看過涉及同步處理的程式碼的主要區段，而這些區段結合成一個經過詳盡註解的完整的應用程式。在您執行此應用程式之後，我們建議您閱讀撰寫一般用戶端和伺服器同步處理工作一節中的主題。您將會看到的類別，與此主題中的程式碼範例所使用的類別相同。不過，它們會以更複雜的方式套用到其他的資料表中。

使用自訂變更追蹤的完整範例

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlServerCe;
using Microsoft.Synchronization;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe;

namespace Microsoft.Samples.Synchronization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            //The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
            //object that the Synchronize method returns.
            SampleStats sampleStats = new SampleStats();

            //Delete and re-create the database. The client synchronization
            //provider also enables you to create the client database 
            //if it does not exist.
            Utility.SetClientPassword();
            Utility.RecreateCompactDatabase();

            //Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncAgent
            //and call Synchronize.
            SampleSyncAgent sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent();
            SyncStatistics syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial");

            //Make changes on the server.
            Utility.MakeDataChangesOnServer();

            //Subsequent synchronization.
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");

            //Return server data back to its original state.
            Utility.CleanUpServer();

            //Exit.
            Console.Write("\nPress Enter to close the window.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    //Create a class that is derived from 
    //Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncAgent.
    public class SampleSyncAgent : SyncAgent
    {
        public SampleSyncAgent()
        {
            //Instantiate a client synchronization provider and specify it
            //as the local provider for this synchronization agent.
            this.LocalProvider = new SampleClientSyncProvider();

            //Instantiate a server synchronization provider and specify it
            //as the remote provider for this synchronization agent.
            this.RemoteProvider = new SampleServerSyncProvider();

            //Add the Customer table: specify a synchronization direction of
            //DownloadOnly.
            SyncTable customerSyncTable = new SyncTable("Customer");
            customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable;
            customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
            this.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable);
        }
    }

    //Create a class that is derived from 
    //Microsoft.Synchronization.Server.DbServerSyncProvider.
    public class SampleServerSyncProvider : DbServerSyncProvider
    {
        public SampleServerSyncProvider()
        {
            //Create a connection to the sample server database.
            Utility util = new Utility();
            SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync);
            this.Connection = serverConn;

            //Create a command to retrieve a new anchor value from
            //the server. In this case, we use a timestamp value
            //that is retrieved and stored in the client database.
            //During each synchronization, the new anchor value and
            //the last anchor value from the previous synchronization
            //are used: the set of changes between these upper and
            //lower bounds is synchronized.
            //
            //SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor is a string constant; 
            //you could also use @sync_new_received_anchor directly in 
            //your queries.
            SqlCommand selectNewAnchorCommand = new SqlCommand();
            string newAnchorVariable = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor;
            selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText = "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1";
            selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp);
            selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters[newAnchorVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
            selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn;
            this.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand;


            //Create a SyncAdapter for the Customer table by using 
            //the SqlSyncAdapterBuilder:
            //  * Specify the base table and tombstone table names.
            //  * Specify the columns that are used to track when
            //    changes are made.
            //  * Specify download-only synchronization.
            //  * Call ToSyncAdapter to create the SyncAdapter.
            //  * Specify a name for the SyncAdapter that matches the
            //    the name specified for the corresponding SyncTable.
            //    Do not include the schema names (Sales in this case).

            SqlSyncAdapterBuilder customerBuilder = new SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn);

            customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer";
            customerBuilder.TombstoneTableName = customerBuilder.TableName + "_Tombstone";
            customerBuilder.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
            customerBuilder.CreationTrackingColumn = "InsertTimestamp";
            customerBuilder.UpdateTrackingColumn = "UpdateTimestamp";
            customerBuilder.DeletionTrackingColumn = "DeleteTimestamp";

            SyncAdapter customerSyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter(false, false, false, false);
            customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer";
            this.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter);

        }
    }

    //Create a class that is derived from 
    //Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeClientSyncProvider.
    //You can just instantiate the provider directly and associate it
    //with the SyncAgent, but you could use this class to handle client 
    //provider events and other client-side processing.
    public class SampleClientSyncProvider : SqlCeClientSyncProvider
    {

        public SampleClientSyncProvider()
        {
            //Specify a connection string for the sample client database.
            Utility util = new Utility();
            this.ConnectionString = Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync;
        }
    }

    //Handle the statistics that are returned by the SyncAgent.
    public class SampleStats
    {
        public void DisplayStats(SyncStatistics syncStatistics, string syncType)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
            if (syncType == "initial")
            {
                Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******");
            }
            else if (syncType == "subsequent")
            {
                Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****");
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncStartTime);
            Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " + syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded);
            Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime);
            Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);

        }
    }

    public class Utility
    {

        private static string _clientPassword;

        //Get and set the client database password.
        public static string Password
        {
            get { return _clientPassword; }
            set { _clientPassword = value; }
        }

        //Have the user enter a password for the client database file.
        public static void SetClientPassword()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Type a strong password for the client");
            Console.WriteLine("database, and then press Enter.");
            Utility.Password = Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //Return the client connection string with the password.
        public static string ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync
        {
            get { return @"Data Source='SyncSampleClient.sdf'; Password=" + Utility.Password; }
        }

        //Return the server connection string. 
        public static string ConnStr_DbServerSync
        {

            get { return @"Data Source=localhost; Initial Catalog=SyncSamplesDb; Integrated Security=True"; }

        }

        //Make server changes that are synchronized on the second 
        //synchronization.
        public static void MakeDataChangesOnServer()
        {
            int rowCount = 0;

            using (SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync))
            {
                SqlCommand sqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand();
                sqlCommand.CommandText =
                    "INSERT INTO Sales.Customer (CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType) " +
                    "VALUES ('Cycle Mart', 'James Bailey', 'Retail') " +
                    
                    "UPDATE Sales.Customer " +
                    "SET  SalesPerson = 'James Bailey' " +
                    "WHERE CustomerName = 'Tandem Bicycle Store' " +

                    "DELETE FROM Sales.Customer WHERE CustomerName = 'Sharp Bikes'"; 
                
                serverConn.Open();
                rowCount = sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
                serverConn.Close();
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Rows inserted, updated, or deleted at the server: " + rowCount);
        }

        //Revert changes that were made during synchronization.
        public static void CleanUpServer()
        {
            using (SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync))
            {
                SqlCommand sqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand();
                sqlCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                sqlCommand.CommandText = "usp_InsertSampleData";
                
                serverConn.Open();               
                sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
                serverConn.Close();
            }
        }

        //Delete the client database.
        public static void RecreateCompactDatabase()
        {
            using (SqlCeConnection clientConn = new SqlCeConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync))
            {
                if (File.Exists(clientConn.Database))
                {
                    File.Delete(clientConn.Database);
                }
            }

            SqlCeEngine sqlCeEngine = new SqlCeEngine(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync);
            sqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase();
        }
    }
}

Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlServerCe
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe

Class Program

    Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)

        'The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
        'object that the Synchronize method returns.
        Dim sampleStats As New SampleStats()

        'Delete and re-create the database. The client synchronization
        'provider also enables you to create the client database 
        'if it does not exist.
        Utility.SetClientPassword()
        Utility.RecreateCompactDatabase()

        'Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncAgent
        'and call Synchronize.
        Dim sampleSyncAgent As New SampleSyncAgent()
        Dim syncStatistics As SyncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
        sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial")

        'Make changes on the server.
        Utility.MakeDataChangesOnServer()

        'Subsequent synchronization.
        syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
        sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")

        'Return server data back to its original state.
        Utility.CleanUpServer()

        'Exit.
        Console.Write(vbLf + "Press Enter to close the window.")
        Console.ReadLine()

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Program

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleSyncAgent
    Inherits SyncAgent

    Public Sub New()
        'Instantiate a client synchronization provider and specify it
        'as the local provider for this synchronization agent.
        Me.LocalProvider = New SampleClientSyncProvider()

        'Instantiate a server synchronization provider and specify it
        'as the remote provider for this synchronization agent.
        Me.RemoteProvider = New SampleServerSyncProvider()

        'Add the Customer table: specify a synchronization direction of
        'DownloadOnly.
        Dim customerSyncTable As New SyncTable("Customer")
        customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable
        customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
        Me.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable)

    End Sub 'New 
End Class 'SampleSyncAgent

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.Server.DbServerSyncProvider.
Public Class SampleServerSyncProvider
    Inherits DbServerSyncProvider

    Public Sub New()
        'Create a connection to the sample server database.
        Dim util As New Utility()
        Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync)
        Me.Connection = serverConn

        'Create a command to retrieve a new anchor value from
        'the server. In this case, we use a timestamp value
        'that is retrieved and stored in the client database.
        'During each synchronization, the new anchor value and
        'the last anchor value from the previous synchronization
        'are used: the set of changes between these upper and
        'lower bounds is synchronized.
        '
        'SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor is a string constant; 
        'you could also use @sync_new_received_anchor directly in 
        'your queries.
        Dim selectNewAnchorCommand As New SqlCommand()
        Dim newAnchorVariable As String = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor
        selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText = "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = min_active_rowversion() - 1"
        selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.Timestamp)
        selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters(newAnchorVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
        selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn
        Me.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand

        'Create a SyncAdapter for the Customer table by using 
        'the SqlSyncAdapterBuilder:
        '  * Specify the base table and tombstone table names.
        '  * Specify the columns that are used to track when
        '    changes are made.
        '  * Specify download-only synchronization.
        '  * Call ToSyncAdapter to create the SyncAdapter.
        '  * Specify a name for the SyncAdapter that matches the
        '    the name specified for the corresponding SyncTable.
        '    Do not include the schema names (Sales in this case).
        Dim customerBuilder As New SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn)

        customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer"
        customerBuilder.TombstoneTableName = customerBuilder.TableName + "_Tombstone"
        customerBuilder.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
        customerBuilder.CreationTrackingColumn = "InsertTimestamp"
        customerBuilder.UpdateTrackingColumn = "UpdateTimestamp"
        customerBuilder.DeletionTrackingColumn = "DeleteTimestamp"

        Dim customerSyncAdapter As SyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter()
        customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer"
        Me.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter)

    End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleServerSyncProvider

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeClientSyncProvider.
'You can just instantiate the provider directly and associate it
'with the SyncAgent, but you could use this class to handle client 
'provider events and other client-side processing.
Public Class SampleClientSyncProvider
    Inherits SqlCeClientSyncProvider


    Public Sub New()
        'Specify a connection string for the sample client database.
        Dim util As New Utility()
        Me.ConnectionString = Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync

    End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleClientSyncProvider

'Handle the statistics that are returned by the SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleStats

    Public Sub DisplayStats(ByVal syncStatistics As SyncStatistics, ByVal syncType As String)
        Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)
        If syncType = "initial" Then
            Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******")
        ElseIf syncType = "subsequent" Then
            Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****")
        End If

        Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncStartTime)
        Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " & syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded)
        Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime)
        Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)

    End Sub 'DisplayStats 
End Class 'SampleStats


Public Class Utility

    Private Shared _clientPassword As String

    'Get and set the client database password.
    Public Shared Property Password() As String
        Get
            Return _clientPassword
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _clientPassword = value
        End Set
    End Property

    'Have the user enter a password for the client database file.
    Public Shared Sub SetClientPassword()
        Console.WriteLine("Type a strong password for the client")
        Console.WriteLine("database, and then press Enter.")
        Utility.Password = Console.ReadLine()

    End Sub 'SetClientPassword

    'Return the client connection string with the password.
    Public Shared ReadOnly Property ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync() As String
        Get
            Return "Data Source='SyncSampleClient.sdf'; Password=" + Utility.Password
        End Get
    End Property

    'Return the server connection string. 
    Public Shared ReadOnly Property ConnStr_DbServerSync() As String

        Get
            Return "Data Source=localhost; Initial Catalog=SyncSamplesDb; Integrated Security=True"
        End Get
    End Property


    'Make server changes that are synchronized on the second 
    'synchronization.
    Public Shared Sub MakeDataChangesOnServer()
        Dim rowCount As Integer = 0

        Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync)
        Try
            Dim sqlCommand As SqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand()
            sqlCommand.CommandText = _
                "INSERT INTO Sales.Customer (CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType) " _
              & "VALUES ('Cycle Mart', 'James Bailey', 'Retail') " _
              & "UPDATE Sales.Customer " _
              & "SET  SalesPerson = 'James Bailey' " _
              & "WHERE CustomerName = 'Tandem Bicycle Store' " _
              & "DELETE FROM Sales.Customer WHERE CustomerName = 'Sharp Bikes'"
            serverConn.Open()
            rowCount = sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
            serverConn.Close()
        Finally
            serverConn.Dispose()
        End Try

        Console.WriteLine("Rows inserted, updated, or deleted at the server: " & rowCount)

    End Sub 'MakeDataChangesOnServer


    'Revert changes that were made during synchronization.
    Public Shared Sub CleanUpServer()
        Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync)
        Try
            Dim sqlCommand As SqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand()
            sqlCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            sqlCommand.CommandText = "usp_InsertSampleData"

            serverConn.Open()
            sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
            serverConn.Close()
        Finally
            serverConn.Dispose()
        End Try

    End Sub 'CleanUpServer


    'Delete the client database.
    Public Shared Sub RecreateCompactDatabase()
        Dim clientConn As New SqlCeConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync)
        Try
            If File.Exists(clientConn.Database) Then
                File.Delete(clientConn.Database)
            End If
        Finally
            clientConn.Dispose()
        End Try

        Dim sqlCeEngine As New SqlCeEngine(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync)
        sqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase()

    End Sub 'RecreateClientDatabase
End Class 'Utility

使用 SQL Server 變更追蹤的完整範例

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlServerCe;
using Microsoft.Synchronization;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server;
using Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe;

namespace Microsoft.Samples.Synchronization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            
            //The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
            //object that the Synchronize method returns.
            SampleStats sampleStats = new SampleStats();

            //Delete and re-create the database. The client synchronization
            //provider also enables you to create the client database 
            //if it does not exist.
            Utility.SetClientPassword();
            Utility.RecreateCompactDatabase();

            //Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncAgent
            //and call Synchronize.
            SampleSyncAgent sampleSyncAgent = new SampleSyncAgent();
            SyncStatistics syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial");

            //Make changes on the server.
            Utility.MakeDataChangesOnServer();

            //Subsequent synchronization.
            syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize();
            sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent");

            //Return server data back to its original state.
            Utility.CleanUpServer();

            //Exit.
            Console.Write("\nPress Enter to close the window.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    //Create a class that is derived from 
    //Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncAgent.
    public class SampleSyncAgent : SyncAgent
    {
        public SampleSyncAgent()
        {
            //Instantiate a client synchronization provider and specify it
            //as the local provider for this synchronization agent.
            this.LocalProvider = new SampleClientSyncProvider();

            //Instantiate a server synchronization provider and specify it
            //as the remote provider for this synchronization agent.
            this.RemoteProvider = new SampleServerSyncProvider();

            //Add the Customer table: specify a synchronization direction of
            //DownloadOnly.
            SyncTable customerSyncTable = new SyncTable("Customer");
            customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable;
            customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly;
            this.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable);
        }
    }

    //Create a class that is derived from 
    //Microsoft.Synchronization.Server.DbServerSyncProvider.
    public class SampleServerSyncProvider : DbServerSyncProvider
    {
        public SampleServerSyncProvider()
        {
            //Create a connection to the sample server database.
            Utility util = new Utility();
            SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync);
            this.Connection = serverConn;

            //Create a command to retrieve a new anchor value from
            //the server. In this case, we use a timestamp value
            //that is retrieved and stored in the client database.
            //During each synchronization, the new anchor value and
            //the last anchor value from the previous synchronization
            //are used: the set of changes between these upper and
            //lower bounds is synchronized.
            //
            //SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor is a string constant; 
            //you could also use @sync_new_received_anchor directly in 
            //your queries.
            SqlCommand selectNewAnchorCommand = new SqlCommand();
            string newAnchorVariable = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor;
            selectNewAnchorCommand.CommandText =
                "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = change_tracking_current_version()";
            selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.BigInt);
            selectNewAnchorCommand.Parameters[newAnchorVariable].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
            selectNewAnchorCommand.Connection = serverConn;
            this.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand;


            //Create a SyncAdapter for the Customer table by using 
            //the SqlSyncAdapterBuilder:
            //  * Specify the base table name.
            //  * Specify that the server uses SQL Server change tracking.
            //  * Specify download-only synchronization.
            //  * Call ToSyncAdapter to create the SyncAdapter.
            //  * Specify a name for the SyncAdapter that matches the
            //    the name specified for the corresponding SyncTable.
            //    Do not include the schema names (Sales in this case).

            SqlSyncAdapterBuilder customerBuilder = new SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn);

            customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer";
            customerBuilder.ChangeTrackingType = ChangeTrackingType.SqlServerChangeTracking;

            SyncAdapter customerSyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter();
            customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer";
            this.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter);

        }
    }

    //Create a class that is derived from 
    //Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeClientSyncProvider.
    //You can just instantiate the provider directly and associate it
    //with the SyncAgent, but you could use this class to handle client 
    //provider events and other client-side processing.
    public class SampleClientSyncProvider : SqlCeClientSyncProvider
    {

        public SampleClientSyncProvider()
        {
            //Specify a connection string for the sample client database.
            Utility util = new Utility();
            this.ConnectionString = Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync;
        }
    }

    //Handle the statistics that are returned by the SyncAgent.
    public class SampleStats
    {
        public void DisplayStats(SyncStatistics syncStatistics, string syncType)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);
            if (syncType == "initial")
            {
                Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******");
            }
            else if (syncType == "subsequent")
            {
                Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****");
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncStartTime);
            Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " + syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded);
            Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " + syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime);
            Console.WriteLine(String.Empty);

        }
    }

    public class Utility
    {

        private static string _clientPassword;

        //Get and set the client database password.
        public static string Password
        {
            get { return _clientPassword; }
            set { _clientPassword = value; }
        }

        //Have the user enter a password for the client database file.
        public static void SetClientPassword()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Type a strong password for the client");
            Console.WriteLine("database, and then press Enter.");
            Utility.Password = Console.ReadLine();
        }

        //Return the client connection string with the password.
        public static string ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync
        {
            get { return @"Data Source='SyncSampleClient.sdf'; Password=" + Utility.Password; }
        }

        //Return the server connection string. 
        public static string ConnStr_DbServerSync
        {

            get { return @"Data Source=localhost; Initial Catalog=SyncSamplesDb_ChangeTracking; Integrated Security=True"; }

        }

        //Make server changes that are synchronized on the second 
        //synchronization.
        public static void MakeDataChangesOnServer()
        {
            int rowCount = 0;

            using (SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync))
            {
                SqlCommand sqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand();
                sqlCommand.CommandText =
                    "INSERT INTO Sales.Customer (CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType) " +
                    "VALUES ('Cycle Mart', 'James Bailey', 'Retail') " +

                    "UPDATE Sales.Customer " +
                    "SET  SalesPerson = 'James Bailey' " +
                    "WHERE CustomerName = 'Tandem Bicycle Store' " +

                    "DELETE FROM Sales.Customer WHERE CustomerName = 'Sharp Bikes'";

                serverConn.Open();
                rowCount = sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
                serverConn.Close();
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Rows inserted, updated, or deleted at the server: " + rowCount);
        }

        //Revert changes that were made during synchronization.
        public static void CleanUpServer()
        {
            using (SqlConnection serverConn = new SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync))
            {
                SqlCommand sqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand();
                sqlCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                sqlCommand.CommandText = "usp_InsertSampleData";

                serverConn.Open();
                sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
                serverConn.Close();
            }
        }

        //Delete the client database.
        public static void RecreateCompactDatabase()
        {
            using (SqlCeConnection clientConn = new SqlCeConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync))
            {
                if (File.Exists(clientConn.Database))
                {
                    File.Delete(clientConn.Database);
                }
            }

            SqlCeEngine sqlCeEngine = new SqlCeEngine(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync);
            sqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase();
        }
    }
}

Imports System
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlServerCe
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.Server
Imports Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe

Class Program

    Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)

        'The SampleStats class handles information from the SyncStatistics
        'object that the Synchronize method returns.
        Dim sampleStats As New SampleStats()

        'Delete and re-create the database. The client synchronization
        'provider also enables you to create the client database 
        'if it does not exist.
        Utility.SetClientPassword()
        Utility.RecreateCompactDatabase()

        'Initial synchronization. Instantiate the SyncAgent
        'and call Synchronize.
        Dim sampleSyncAgent As New SampleSyncAgent()
        Dim syncStatistics As SyncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
        sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "initial")

        'Make changes on the server.
        Utility.MakeDataChangesOnServer()

        'Subsequent synchronization.
        syncStatistics = sampleSyncAgent.Synchronize()
        sampleStats.DisplayStats(syncStatistics, "subsequent")

        'Return server data back to its original state.
        Utility.CleanUpServer()

        'Exit.
        Console.Write(vbLf + "Press Enter to close the window.")
        Console.ReadLine()

    End Sub 'Main
End Class 'Program

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleSyncAgent
    Inherits SyncAgent

    Public Sub New()
        'Instantiate a client synchronization provider and specify it
        'as the local provider for this synchronization agent.
        Me.LocalProvider = New SampleClientSyncProvider()

        'Instantiate a server synchronization provider and specify it
        'as the remote provider for this synchronization agent.
        Me.RemoteProvider = New SampleServerSyncProvider()

        'Add the Customer table: specify a synchronization direction of
        'DownloadOnly.
        Dim customerSyncTable As New SyncTable("Customer")
        customerSyncTable.CreationOption = TableCreationOption.DropExistingOrCreateNewTable
        customerSyncTable.SyncDirection = SyncDirection.DownloadOnly
        Me.Configuration.SyncTables.Add(customerSyncTable)

    End Sub 'New 
End Class 'SampleSyncAgent

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.Server.DbServerSyncProvider.
Public Class SampleServerSyncProvider
    Inherits DbServerSyncProvider

    Public Sub New()
        'Create a connection to the sample server database.
        Dim util As New Utility()
        Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync)
        Me.Connection = serverConn

        'Create a command to retrieve a new anchor value from
        'the server. In this case, we use a timestamp value
        'that is retrieved and stored in the client database.
        'During each synchronization, the new anchor value and
        'the last anchor value from the previous synchronization
        'are used: the set of changes between these upper and
        'lower bounds is synchronized.
        '
        'SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor is a string constant; 
        'you could also use @sync_new_received_anchor directly in 
        'your queries.
        Dim selectNewAnchorCommand As New SqlCommand()
        Dim newAnchorVariable As String = "@" + SyncSession.SyncNewReceivedAnchor
        With selectNewAnchorCommand
            .CommandText = _
                "SELECT " + newAnchorVariable + " = change_tracking_current_version()"
            .Parameters.Add(newAnchorVariable, SqlDbType.BigInt)
            .Parameters(newAnchorVariable).Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
            .Connection = serverConn
        End With
        Me.SelectNewAnchorCommand = selectNewAnchorCommand

        'Create a SyncAdapter for the Customer table by using 
        'the SqlSyncAdapterBuilder:
        '  * Specify the base table names.
        '  * Specify that the server uses SQL Server change tracking.
        '  * Specify download-only synchronization.
        '  * Call ToSyncAdapter to create the SyncAdapter.
        '  * Specify a name for the SyncAdapter that matches the
        '    the name specified for the corresponding SyncTable.
        '    Do not include the schema names (Sales in this case).
        Dim customerBuilder As New SqlSyncAdapterBuilder(serverConn)

        customerBuilder.TableName = "Sales.Customer"
        customerBuilder.ChangeTrackingType = ChangeTrackingType.SqlServerChangeTracking

        Dim customerSyncAdapter As SyncAdapter = customerBuilder.ToSyncAdapter()
        customerSyncAdapter.TableName = "Customer"
        Me.SyncAdapters.Add(customerSyncAdapter)

    End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleServerSyncProvider

'Create a class that is derived from 
'Microsoft.Synchronization.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeClientSyncProvider.
'You can just instantiate the provider directly and associate it
'with the SyncAgent, but you could use this class to handle client 
'provider events and other client-side processing.
Public Class SampleClientSyncProvider
    Inherits SqlCeClientSyncProvider


    Public Sub New()
        'Specify a connection string for the sample client database.
        Dim util As New Utility()
        Me.ConnectionString = Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync

    End Sub 'New
End Class 'SampleClientSyncProvider

'Handle the statistics that are returned by the SyncAgent.
Public Class SampleStats

    Public Sub DisplayStats(ByVal syncStatistics As SyncStatistics, ByVal syncType As String)
        Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)
        If syncType = "initial" Then
            Console.WriteLine("****** Initial Synchronization ******")
        ElseIf syncType = "subsequent" Then
            Console.WriteLine("***** Subsequent Synchronization ****")
        End If

        Console.WriteLine("Start Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncStartTime)
        Console.WriteLine("Total Changes Downloaded: " & syncStatistics.TotalChangesDownloaded)
        Console.WriteLine("Complete Time: " & syncStatistics.SyncCompleteTime)
        Console.WriteLine(String.Empty)

    End Sub 'DisplayStats 
End Class 'SampleStats


Public Class Utility

    Private Shared _clientPassword As String

    'Get and set the client database password.
    Public Shared Property Password() As String
        Get
            Return _clientPassword
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            _clientPassword = value
        End Set
    End Property

    'Have the user enter a password for the client database file.
    Public Shared Sub SetClientPassword()
        Console.WriteLine("Type a strong password for the client")
        Console.WriteLine("database, and then press Enter.")
        Utility.Password = Console.ReadLine()

    End Sub 'SetClientPassword

    'Return the client connection string with the password.
    Public Shared ReadOnly Property ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync() As String
        Get
            Return "Data Source='SyncSampleClient.sdf'; Password=" + Utility.Password
        End Get
    End Property

    'Return the server connection string. 
    Public Shared ReadOnly Property ConnStr_DbServerSync() As String
        Get
            Return "Data Source=localhost; Initial Catalog=SyncSamplesDb_ChangeTracking; Integrated Security=True"
        End Get
    End Property


    'Make server changes that are synchronized on the second 
    'synchronization.
    Public Shared Sub MakeDataChangesOnServer()
        Dim rowCount As Integer = 0

        Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync)
        Try
            Dim sqlCommand As SqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand()
            sqlCommand.CommandText = _
                "INSERT INTO Sales.Customer (CustomerName, SalesPerson, CustomerType) " _
              & "VALUES ('Cycle Mart', 'James Bailey', 'Retail') " _
              & "UPDATE Sales.Customer " _
              & "SET  SalesPerson = 'James Bailey' " _
              & "WHERE CustomerName = 'Tandem Bicycle Store' " _
              & "DELETE FROM Sales.Customer WHERE CustomerName = 'Sharp Bikes'"
            serverConn.Open()
            rowCount = sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
            serverConn.Close()
        Finally
            serverConn.Dispose()
        End Try

        Console.WriteLine("Rows inserted, updated, or deleted at the server: " & rowCount)

    End Sub 'MakeDataChangesOnServer


    'Revert changes that were made during synchronization.
    Public Shared Sub CleanUpServer()
        Dim serverConn As New SqlConnection(Utility.ConnStr_DbServerSync)
        Try
            Dim sqlCommand As SqlCommand = serverConn.CreateCommand()
            sqlCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
            sqlCommand.CommandText = "usp_InsertSampleData"

            serverConn.Open()
            sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
            serverConn.Close()
        Finally
            serverConn.Dispose()
        End Try

    End Sub 'CleanUpServer


    'Delete the client database.
    Public Shared Sub RecreateCompactDatabase()
        Dim clientConn As New SqlCeConnection(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync)
        Try
            If File.Exists(clientConn.Database) Then
                File.Delete(clientConn.Database)
            End If
        Finally
            clientConn.Dispose()
        End Try

        Dim sqlCeEngine As New SqlCeEngine(Utility.ConnStr_SqlCeClientSync)
        sqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase()

    End Sub 'RecreateClientDatabase
End Class 'Utility

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