保留關鍵字 (Transact-SQL)

Microsoft SQL Server 利用保留的關鍵字來定義、操作和存取資料庫。 保留的關鍵字是 SQL Server 用來剖析及了解 Transact-SQL 陳述式和批次之 Transact-SQL 語言文法的一部分。 雖然在語意上可以利用 SQL Server 保留關鍵字做為 Transact-SQL 指令碼中的識別碼及物件名稱，但您必須分隔這些識別碼。

下表列出 SQL Server 保留關鍵字。

ADD	EXTERNAL	PROCEDURE
ALL	FETCH	PUBLIC
ALTER	FILE	RAISERROR
AND	FILLFACTOR	READ
ANY	FOR	READTEXT
AS	FOREIGN	RECONFIGURE
ASC	FREETEXT	REFERENCES
AUTHORIZATION	FREETEXTTABLE	REPLICATION
BACKUP	FROM	RESTORE
BEGIN	FULL	RESTRICT
BETWEEN	FUNCTION	RETURN
BREAK	GOTO	REVERT
BROWSE	GRANT	REVOKE
BULK	GROUP	RIGHT
BY	HAVING	ROLLBACK
CASCADE	HOLDLOCK	ROWCOUNT
CASE	IDENTITY	ROWGUIDCOL
CHECK	IDENTITY_INSERT	RULE
CHECKPOINT	IDENTITYCOL	SAVE
CLOSE	IF	SCHEMA
CLUSTERED	IN	SECURITYAUDIT
COALESCE	INDEX	SELECT
COLLATE	INNER	SEMANTICKEYPHRASETABLE
COLUMN	INSERT	SEMANTICSIMILARITYDETAILSTABLE
COMMIT	INTERSECT	SEMANTICSIMILARITYTABLE
COMPUTE	INTO	SESSION_USER
CONSTRAINT	IS	SET
CONTAINS	JOIN	SETUSER
CONTAINSTABLE	KEY	SHUTDOWN
CONTINUE	KILL	SOME
CONVERT	LEFT	STATISTICS
CREATE	LIKE	SYSTEM_USER
CROSS	LINENO	TABLE
CURRENT	LOAD	TABLESAMPLE
CURRENT_DATE	MERGE	TEXTSIZE
CURRENT_TIME	NATIONAL	THEN
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	NOCHECK	TO
CURRENT_USER	NONCLUSTERED	TOP
CURSOR	NOT	TRAN
DATABASE	NULL	TRANSACTION
DBCC	NULLIF	TRIGGER
DEALLOCATE	OF	TRUNCATE
DECLARE	OFF	TRY_CONVERT
DEFAULT	OFFSETS	TSEQUAL
DELETE	ON	UNION
DENY	OPEN	UNIQUE
DESC	OPENDATASOURCE	UNPIVOT
DISK	OPENQUERY	UPDATE
DISTINCT	OPENROWSET	UPDATETEXT
DISTRIBUTED	OPENXML	USE
DOUBLE	OPTION	USER
DROP	OR	VALUES
DUMP	ORDER	VARYING
ELSE	OUTER	VIEW
END	OVER	WAITFOR
ERRLVL	PERCENT	WHEN
ESCAPE	PIVOT	WHERE
EXCEPT	PLAN	WHILE
EXEC	PRECISION	WITH
EXECUTE	PRIMARY	WITHIN GROUP
EXISTS	PRINT	WRITETEXT
EXIT	PROC

另外，ISO 標準也定義了一份保留關鍵字的清單。 請避免在物件名稱和識別碼上使用 ISO 保留關鍵字。 下表所顯示的 ODBC 保留關鍵字清單與 ISO 保留關鍵字清單相同。

[!附註]

ISO 標準保留關鍵字清單有時限制性大於 SQL Server，有時比較小。 例如，ISO 保留關鍵字清單包含 INT。 SQL Server 並不需要將它視為保留關鍵字。

Transact-SQL 保留關鍵字可用來作為資料庫或資料庫物件 (如資料表、資料行、檢視等) 的識別碼或名稱。 請使用附加引號的識別字或分隔的識別碼。 利用保留關鍵字作為變數和預存程序參數的名稱，並不會受到限制。

ODBC 保留關鍵字

以下是 ODBC 函數呼叫所用的保留字。 這些字並不會限制最基礎的 SQL 文法；不過，為了確保與支援核心 SQL 文法的驅動程式相容，應用程式應該避免使用這些關鍵字。

這是目前的 ODBC 保留關鍵字清單。

ABSOLUTE	EXEC	OVERLAPS
ACTION	EXECUTE	PAD
ADA	EXISTS	PARTIAL
ADD	EXTERNAL	PASCAL
ALL	EXTRACT	POSITION
ALLOCATE	FALSE	PRECISION
ALTER	FETCH	PREPARE
AND	FIRST	PRESERVE
ANY	FLOAT	PRIMARY
ARE	FOR	PRIOR
AS	FOREIGN	PRIVILEGES
ASC	FORTRAN	PROCEDURE
ASSERTION	FOUND	PUBLIC
AT	FROM	READ
AUTHORIZATION	FULL	REAL
AVG	GET	REFERENCES
BEGIN	GLOBAL	RELATIVE
BETWEEN	GO	RESTRICT
BIT	GOTO	REVOKE
BIT_LENGTH	GRANT	RIGHT
BOTH	GROUP	ROLLBACK
BY	HAVING	ROWS
CASCADE	HOUR	SCHEMA
CASCADED	IDENTITY	SCROLL
CASE	IMMEDIATE	SECOND
CAST	IN	SECTION
CATALOG	INCLUDE	SELECT
CHAR	INDEX	SESSION
CHAR_LENGTH	INDICATOR	SESSION_USER
CHARACTER	INITIALLY	SET
CHARACTER_LENGTH	INNER	SIZE
CHECK	INPUT	SMALLINT
CLOSE	INSENSITIVE	SOME
COALESCE	INSERT	SPACE
COLLATE	INT	SQL
COLLATION	INTEGER	SQLCA
COLUMN	INTERSECT	SQLCODE
COMMIT	INTERVAL	SQLERROR
CONNECT	INTO	SQLSTATE
CONNECTION	IS	SQLWARNING
CONSTRAINT	ISOLATION	SUBSTRING
CONSTRAINTS	JOIN	SUM
CONTINUE	KEY	SYSTEM_USER
CONVERT	LANGUAGE	TABLE
CORRESPONDING	LAST	TEMPORARY
COUNT	LEADING	THEN
CREATE	LEFT	TIME
CROSS	LEVEL	TIMESTAMP
CURRENT	LIKE	TIMEZONE_HOUR
CURRENT_DATE	LOCAL	TIMEZONE_MINUTE
CURRENT_TIME	LOWER	TO
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	MATCH	TRAILING
CURRENT_USER	MAX	TRANSACTION
CURSOR	MIN	TRANSLATE
DATE	MINUTE	TRANSLATION
DAY	MODULE	TRIM
DEALLOCATE	MONTH	TRUE
DEC	NAMES	UNION
DECIMAL	NATIONAL	UNIQUE
DECLARE	NATURAL	UNKNOWN
DEFAULT	NCHAR	UPDATE
DEFERRABLE	NEXT	UPPER
DEFERRED	NO	USAGE
DELETE	NONE	USER
DESC	NOT	USING
DESCRIBE	NULL	VALUE
DESCRIPTOR	NULLIF	VALUES
DIAGNOSTICS	NUMERIC	VARCHAR
DISCONNECT	OCTET_LENGTH	VARYING
DISTINCT	OF	VIEW
DOMAIN	ON	WHEN
DOUBLE	ONLY	WHENEVER
DROP	OPEN	WHERE
ELSE	OPTION	WITH
END	OR	WORK
END-EXEC	ORDER	WRITE
ESCAPE	OUTER	YEAR
EXCEPT	OUTPUT	ZONE
EXCEPTION

未來關鍵字

下列關鍵字可能保留給 SQL Server 實作新功能的未來版本。 請考慮避免使用這些字做為識別碼。

ABSOLUTE	HOST	RELATIVE
ACTION	HOUR	RELEASE
ADMIN	IGNORE	RESULT
AFTER	IMMEDIATE	RETURNS
AGGREGATE	INDICATOR	ROLE
ALIAS	INITIALIZE	ROLLUP
ALLOCATE	INITIALLY	ROUTINE
ARE	INOUT	ROW
ARRAY	INPUT	ROWS
ASENSITIVE	INT	SAVEPOINT
ASSERTION	INTEGER	SCROLL
ASYMMETRIC	INTERSECTION	SCOPE
AT	INTERVAL	SEARCH
ATOMIC	ISOLATION	SECOND
BEFORE	ITERATE	SECTION
BINARY	LANGUAGE	SENSITIVE
BIT	LARGE	SEQUENCE
BLOB	LAST	SESSION
BOOLEAN	LATERAL	SETS
BOTH	LEADING	SIMILAR
BREADTH	LESS	SIZE
CALL	LEVEL	SMALLINT
CALLED	LIKE_REGEX	SPACE
CARDINALITY	LIMIT	SPECIFIC
CASCADED	LN	SPECIFICTYPE
CAST	LOCAL	SQL
CATALOG	LOCALTIME	SQLEXCEPTION
CHAR	LOCALTIMESTAMP	SQLSTATE
CHARACTER	LOCATOR	SQLWARNING
CLASS	MAP	START
CLOB	MATCH	STATE
COLLATION	MEMBER	STATEMENT
COLLECT	METHOD	STATIC
COMPLETION	MINUTE	STDDEV_POP
CONDITION	MOD	STDDEV_SAMP
CONNECT	MODIFIES	STRUCTURE
CONNECTION	MODIFY	SUBMULTISET
CONSTRAINTS	MODULE	SUBSTRING_REGEX
CONSTRUCTOR	MONTH	SYMMETRIC
CORR	MULTISET	SYSTEM
CORRESPONDING	NAMES	TEMPORARY
COVAR_POP	NATURAL	TERMINATE
COVAR_SAMP	NCHAR	THAN
CUBE	NCLOB	TIME
CUME_DIST	NEW	TIMESTAMP
CURRENT_CATALOG	NEXT	TIMEZONE_HOUR
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP	NO	TIMEZONE_MINUTE
CURRENT_PATH	NONE	TRAILING
CURRENT_ROLE	NORMALIZE	TRANSLATE_REGEX
CURRENT_SCHEMA	NUMERIC	TRANSLATION
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE	OBJECT	TREAT
CYCLE	OCCURRENCES_REGEX	TRUE
DATA	OLD	UESCAPE
DATE	ONLY	UNDER
DAY	OPERATION	UNKNOWN
DEC	ORDINALITY	UNNEST
DECIMAL	OUT	USAGE
DEFERRABLE	OVERLAY	USING
DEFERRED	OUTPUT	VALUE
DEPTH	PAD	VAR_POP
DEREF	PARAMETER	VAR_SAMP
DESCRIBE	PARAMETERS	VARCHAR
DESCRIPTOR	PARTIAL	VARIABLE
DESTROY	PARTITION	WHENEVER
DESTRUCTOR	PATH	WIDTH_BUCKET
DETERMINISTIC	POSTFIX	WITHOUT
DICTIONARY	PREFIX	WINDOW
DIAGNOSTICS	PREORDER	WITHIN
DISCONNECT	PREPARE	WORK
DOMAIN	PERCENT_RANK	WRITE
DYNAMIC	PERCENTILE_CONT	XMLAGG
EACH	PERCENTILE_DISC	XMLATTRIBUTES
ELEMENT	POSITION_REGEX	XMLBINARY
END-EXEC	PRESERVE	XMLCAST
EQUALS	PRIOR	XMLCOMMENT
EVERY	PRIVILEGES	XMLCONCAT
EXCEPTION	RANGE	XMLDOCUMENT
FALSE	READS	XMLELEMENT
FILTER	REAL	XMLEXISTS
FIRST	RECURSIVE	XMLFOREST
FLOAT	REF	XMLITERATE
FOUND	REFERENCING	XMLNAMESPACES
FREE	REGR_AVGX	XMLPARSE
FULLTEXTTABLE	REGR_AVGY	XMLPI
FUSION	REGR_COUNT	XMLQUERY
GENERAL	REGR_INTERCEPT	XMLSERIALIZE
GET	REGR_R2	XMLTABLE
GLOBAL	REGR_SLOPE	XMLTEXT
GO	REGR_SXX	XMLVALIDATE
GROUPING	REGR_SXY	YEAR
HOLD	REGR_SYY	ZONE

請參閱

參考

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER (Transact-SQL)

ALTER DATABASE 相容性層級 (Transact-SQL)