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HOW TO:稽核 Windows Communication Foundation 安全性事件

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 可讓您將安全性事件記錄至 Windows 事件記錄檔,而您可以使用 Windows 事件檢視器來檢視事件記錄檔。這個主題會說明如何將應用程式設定為會記錄安全性事件。如需詳細資訊 WCF 稽核的詳細資訊,請參閱稽核安全性事件

若要在程式碼中稽核安全性事件

  1. 指定稽核記錄檔位置。若要這樣做,請將 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 類別的 AuditLogLocation 屬性設定為其中一個 AuditLogLocation 列舉值,如下列程式碼所示。

    ' Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    Dim newAudit As New ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior()
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation = AuditLogLocation.Application
    
    // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit = 
        new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation = 
        AuditLogLocation.Application;
    

    AuditLogLocation 列舉中有三個值: ApplicationSecurityDefault。該值會指定可在事件檢視器中看見安全性記錄檔或應用程式記錄檔。如果使用 Default 值,實際的記錄檔將會取決於正在執行應用程式的作業系統。如果已啟用稽核,但未指定記錄檔位置,則支援寫入至安全性記錄檔的平台會預設使用 Security 記錄檔,不支援這個動作的平台則會寫入至 Application 記錄檔。只有 Windows Server 2003 和 Windows Vista 支援預設寫入至安全性記錄檔。

  2. 設定要稽核的事件類型。您可以同時稽核服務層級事件或訊息層級的授權事件。若要這樣做,請將 ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel 屬性或 MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel 屬性設定為其中一個 AuditLevel 列舉值,如下列程式碼所示。

    newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = _
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
    newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = _
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
    
    // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit = 
        new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation = 
        AuditLogLocation.Application;
    newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = 
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = 
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    
  3. 指定是否要對與記錄稽核事件相關的應用程式隱藏或公開錯誤。將 SuppressAuditFailure 屬性設定為 truefalse,如下列程式碼所示。

    newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = False
    
    // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
    ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit = 
        new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
    newAudit.AuditLogLocation = 
        AuditLogLocation.Application;
    newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = 
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = 
        AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
    newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = false;
    

    預設 SuppressAuditFailure 屬性為 true,因此稽核錯誤不至於影響應用程式。否則,會擲回例外狀況。任何成功稽核的詳細資訊追蹤都會予以寫入,而任何稽核失敗的追蹤則會在「錯誤」層級寫入。

  4. ServiceHost 的描述中出現的行為集合,刪除現有的 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior。該行為集合是由 Behaviors 屬性存取,接下來則是從 Description 屬性存取。接著將 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 新增至相同的集合,如下列程式碼所示。

    ' Remove the old behavior and add the new.
    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Remove(Of ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior)
    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit)
    
    // Remove the old behavior and add the new.
    serviceHost.Description.
        Behaviors.Remove<ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior>();
    serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit);
    

若要使用組態設定稽核

  1. 若要使用組態設定稽核,請將 <behavior> 項目新增至 web.config 檔的 Behaviors element區段。然後新增 serviceSecurityAudit 項目並設定各種屬性,如下列範例所示。

    <behaviors>
       <behavior name="myAuditBehavior">
          <serviceSecurityAudit auditLogLocation="Application"
                suppressAuditFailure="false" 
                serviceAuthorizationAuditLevel="None" 
                messageAuthenticationAuditLevel="SuccessOrFailure" />
          </behavior>
    </behaviors>
    
  2. 您必須指定服務的行為,如下列範例所示。

    <services>
        <service type="WCS.Samples.Service.Echo" 
        behaviorConfiguration=" myAuditBehavior">
           <endpoint address=""
                    binding="wsHttpBinding"
                    bindingConfiguration="CertificateDefault" 
                    contract="WCS.Samples.Service.IEcho" />
        </service>
    </services>
    

範例

下列程式碼會建立 ServiceHost 類別的執行個體,並且將 ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior 新增至其行為集合。

Public Shared Sub Main() 
    ' Get base address from appsettings in configuration.
    Dim baseAddress As New Uri(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings("baseAddress"))
    
    ' Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type 
    ' and provide the base address.
    Dim serviceHost As New ServiceHost(GetType(CalculatorService), baseAddress)
    Try
        ' Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
        Dim newAudit As New ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior()
        newAudit.AuditLogLocation = AuditLogLocation.Application
        newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = _
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
        newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = _
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure
        newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = False
        ' Remove the old behavior and add the new.
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Remove(Of ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior)
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit)
        ' Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners 
        ' and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open()
        
        ' The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.")
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.")
        Console.WriteLine()
        Console.ReadLine()
        
        ' Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close()
    Finally
    End Try

End Sub 
public static void Main()
{
    // Get base address from appsettings in configuration.
    Uri baseAddress = new Uri(ConfigurationManager.
        AppSettings["baseAddress"]);

    // Create a ServiceHost for the CalculatorService type 
    // and provide the base address.
    using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new 
        ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress))
    {
        // Create a new auditing behavior and set the log location.
        ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior newAudit = 
            new ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior();
        newAudit.AuditLogLocation = 
            AuditLogLocation.Application;
        newAudit.MessageAuthenticationAuditLevel = 
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
        newAudit.ServiceAuthorizationAuditLevel = 
            AuditLevel.SuccessOrFailure;
        newAudit.SuppressAuditFailure = false;
        // Remove the old behavior and add the new.
        serviceHost.Description.
            Behaviors.Remove<ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior>();
        serviceHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(newAudit);
        // Open the ServiceHostBase to create listeners 
        // and start listening for messages.
        serviceHost.Open();

        // The service can now be accessed.
        Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
        Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.ReadLine();

        // Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
        serviceHost.Close();
    }
}

安全性

如果將 SuppressAuditFailure 屬性設定為 true,就會隱藏產生安全性稽核時的失敗 (如果設定為 false,就會擲回例外狀況)。不過,如果啟用下列 Windows [本機安全性設定] 屬性,無法產生稽核事件就會導致 Windows 立即關機:

稽核: 當無法記錄安全性稽核時,系統立即關機

若要設定屬性,請開啟 [本機安全性設定] 對話方塊。按一下 [安全性設定] 下的 [本機原則],然後按一下 [安全性選項]。

如果 AuditLogLocation 屬性設為 Security,而且 [本機安全性原則] 中的 [稽核物件存取] 未設定,則稽核事件不會寫入安全性記錄檔。請注意,這時不會傳回任何失敗,但是稽核項目也不會寫入安全性記錄檔中。

另請參閱

參考

AuditLogLocation
ServiceSecurityAuditBehavior
AuditLogLocation

概念

稽核安全性事件