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HOW TO:在可靠的工作階段內交換訊息

本主題概要說明透過其中一個系統提供的繫結啟用可靠工作階段 (此繫結支援此類工作階段,但非預設) 所需的步驟。您可以透過命令式程式碼或是宣告式組態檔來啟用可靠工作階段。本程序透過用戶端組態檔與服務組態檔來啟用可靠工作階段,並規定訊息以當初傳送的相同順序依序抵達。

此程序的重要部分在於端點組態項目包含 bindingConfiguration 屬性,而此屬性參考了名為 "Binding1" 的繫結組態。<binding> 組態項目可以接著參考此名稱並將 reliableSession 項目的 enabled 屬性設為 true 來啟用可靠工作階段。您可以將 ordered 屬性設為 true,為可靠工作階段指定依序傳遞保證。

如需這個範例的原始檔複本,請參閱 WS 可靠工作階段

若要將包含 WSHttpBinding 的服務設為使用可靠工作階段

  1. 定義服務類型的服務合約。

    [ServiceContract]
    public interface ICalculator
    {
       [OperationContract]
       double Add(double n1, double n2);
       [OperationContract]
       double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
       [OperationContract]
       double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
       [OperationContract]
       double Divide(double n1, double n2);
    }
    
  2. 在服務類別中實作服務合約。請注意,服務的實作內並未指定位址或繫結資訊。同時,您不需要撰寫可從組態檔擷取該資訊的程式碼。

    public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
    {
       public double Add(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 + n2;
       }
       public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 - n2;
       }
       public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 * n2;
       }
       public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
       {
          return n1 / n2;
       }
    } 
    
  3. 建立 Web.config 檔案為 CalculatorService 設定端點,這個端點會使用已啟用可靠工作階段並要求訊息依序傳遞的 WSHttpBinding

  4. 建立包含此行的 Service.svc 檔案:

    <%@ServiceHost language=c# Service="CalculatorService" %> 
    
  5. 將 Service.svc 檔放入您的網際網路資訊服務 (IIS) 虛擬目錄中。

若要將包含 WSHttpBinding 的用戶端設為使用可靠工作階段

  1. 從命令列使用 ServiceModel 中繼資料公用程式工具 (Svcutil.exe),產生來自服務中繼資料的程式碼:

    Svcutil.exe <service's Metadata Exchange (MEX) address or HTTP GET address> 
    
  2. 所產生的用戶端會包含 ICalculator 介面,其中定義了用戶端實作所必須滿足的服務合約。

    //Generated interface defining the ICalculator contract   
        [System.ServiceModel.ServiceContractAttribute(
        Namespace="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples",              ConfigurationName="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator")]
        public interface ICalculator
        {
    
            [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
        Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Add",         ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/AddResponse")]
            double Add(double n1, double n2);
    
                [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
        Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Subtract",    ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/SubtractResponse")]
            double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
    
                [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
        Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Multiply",    ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/MultiplyResponse")]
            double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
    
                [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(
        Action="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/Divide",  ReplyAction="http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples/ICalculator/DivideResponse")]
            double Divide(double n1, double n2);
        }
    
  3. 產生的用戶端應用程式也包含 ClientCalculator 的實作。請注意,服務的實作內部並未指定位址和繫結資訊。同時,您不需要撰寫可從組態檔擷取該資訊的程式碼。

    // Implementation of the CalculatorClient
    public partial class CalculatorClient :         System.ServiceModel.ClientBase<Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator>,         Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator
    {
    
        public CalculatorClient()
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName) : 
                base(endpointConfigurationName)
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, string remoteAddress) : 
                base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(string endpointConfigurationName, 
                System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) : 
                base(endpointConfigurationName, remoteAddress)
        {
        }
    
        public CalculatorClient(System.ServiceModel.Channels.Binding binding,                 System.ServiceModel.EndpointAddress remoteAddress) : 
                base(binding, remoteAddress)
        {
        }
    
        public double Add(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Add(n1, n2);
        }
    
        public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Subtract(n1, n2);
        }
    
        public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Multiply(n1, n2);
        }
    
        public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
        {
            return base.Channel.Divide(n1, n2);
        }
    }
    
    
    
  4. Svcutil.exe 也會為使用 WSHttpBinding 類別的用戶端產生組態。使用 Visual Studio 時,此檔案應該命名為 App.config。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
    <configuration>
      <system.serviceModel>
    
        <client>
          <endpoint 
              address="https://localhost/servicemodelsamples/service.svc" 
    
              <!-- specify wsHttpBinding binding and a binding configuration to use. -->
              binding="wsHttpBinding" 
              bindingConfiguration="Binding1" 
              contract="Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples.ICalculator" />
        </client>
    
        <!-- Configures WSHttpBinding for reliable sessions with ordered delivery. -->
        <bindings>
          <wsHttpBinding>
            <binding name="Binding1">
              <reliableSession enabled="true"
                   ordered="true" />
            </binding>
          </wsHttpBinding>
        </bindings>
    
      </system.serviceModel>
    
    </configuration>
    
  5. 在應用程式中建立 ClientCalculator 的執行個體,然後呼叫服務作業。

    //Client implementation code.
    class Client
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            // Create a client with given client endpoint configuration
            CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient();
    
            // Call the Add service operation.
            double value1 = 100.00D;
            double value2 = 15.99D;
            double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            // Call the Subtract service operation.
            value1 = 145.00D;
            value2 = 76.54D;
            result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            // Call the Multiply service operation.
            value1 = 9.00D;
            value2 = 81.25D;
            result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            // Call the Divide service operation.
            value1 = 22.00D;
            value2 = 7.00D;
            result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
            Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
    
            //Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources
            client.Close();
    
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    
  6. 請編譯並執行用戶端。

範例

好幾個系統提供的繫結預設都支援可靠工作階段。包括:

如需示範如何建立可支援可靠工作階段的自訂繫結,請參閱 HOW TO:使用 HTTPS 建立自訂可靠工作階段繫結

另請參閱

其他資源

可靠工作階段