使用 XmlSchemaSet 進行驗證

XmlSchemaSet 是可儲存 XML 結構描述定義語言 (XSD) 結構描述的快取或程式庫。 XmlSchemaSet 會藉由在記憶體中快取結構描述，而不是從檔案或 URL 來存取它們，來增加效能。 XmlSchemaSet 中的每個結構描述，都是透過將該結構描述加入至 XmlSchemaSet 時指定的結構描述位置及命名空間 URI 來識別的。 Schemas 屬性會指派要使用的 XmlSchemaSet 物件。

範例

下列範例會使用儲存在 XmlSchemaSet 中的結構描述，來驗證 XML 檔案。 XML 檔案中的命名空間 (urn:bookstore-schema)，會識別 XmlSchemaSet 中用於驗證的結構描述。

Imports System
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Schema
Imports System.IO

public class Sample 

  public shared sub Main() 

    ' Create the XmlSchemaSet class.
    Dim sc as XmlSchemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet()

    ' Add the schema to the collection.
    sc.Add("urn:bookstore-schema", "books.xsd")

    ' Set the validation settings.
    Dim settings as XmlReaderSettings = new XmlReaderSettings()
    settings.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema
    settings.Schemas = sc
    AddHandler settings.ValidationEventHandler, AddressOf ValidationCallBack

    ' Create the XmlReader object.
    Dim reader as XmlReader = XmlReader.Create("booksSchemaFail.xml", settings)

    ' Parse the file. 
    while reader.Read()
    end while

  end sub

  ' Display any validation errors.
  private shared sub ValidationCallBack(sender as object, e as ValidationEventArgs) 
    Console.WriteLine("Validation Error: {0}", e.Message)
  end sub
end class

using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
using System.IO;

public class Sample {

  public static void Main() {

    // Create the XmlSchemaSet class.
    XmlSchemaSet sc = new XmlSchemaSet();

    // Add the schema to the collection.
    sc.Add("urn:bookstore-schema", "books.xsd");

    // Set the validation settings.
    XmlReaderSettings settings = new XmlReaderSettings();
    settings.ValidationType = ValidationType.Schema;
    settings.Schemas = sc;
    settings.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler (ValidationCallBack);

    // Create the XmlReader object.
    XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create("booksSchemaFail.xml", settings);

    // Parse the file. 
    while (reader.Read());

  }

  // Display any validation errors.
  private static void ValidationCallBack(object sender, ValidationEventArgs e) {
    Console.WriteLine("Validation Error: {0}", e.Message);
  }
}

#using <System.Xml.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Xml;
using namespace System::Xml::Schema;
using namespace System::IO;

// Display any validation errors.
static void ValidationCallBack( Object^ /*sender*/, ValidationEventArgs^ e )
{
   Console::WriteLine( L"Validation Error: {0}", e->Message );
}

int main()
{
   // Create the XmlSchemaSet class.
   XmlSchemaSet^ sc = gcnew XmlSchemaSet;

   // Add the schema to the collection.
   sc->Add( L"urn:bookstore-schema", L"books.xsd" );

   // Set the validation settings.
   XmlReaderSettings^ settings = gcnew XmlReaderSettings;
   settings->ValidationType = ValidationType::Schema;
   settings->Schemas = sc;
   settings->ValidationEventHandler += gcnew ValidationEventHandler( ValidationCallBack );

   // Create the XmlReader object.
   XmlReader^ reader = XmlReader::Create( L"booksSchemaFail.xml", settings );

   // Parse the file. 
   while ( reader->Read() )
      ;

   return 1;
}

輸入

範例會使用下列兩個輸入檔案。

booksSchemaFail.xml

<?xml version='1.0'?>
<bookstore xmlns="urn:bookstore-schema">
  <book>
    <author>
      <first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
      <last-name>Franklin</last-name>
    </author>
  </book>
  <book genre="novel">
    <title>The Confidence Man</title>
    <author>
      <first-name>Herman</first-name>
      <last-name>Melville</last-name>
    </author>
    <price>11.99</price>
  </book>
  <book genre="philosophy">
    <title>The Gorgias</title>
    <author>
      <name>Plato</name>
    </author>
    <price>9.99</price>
  </book>
</bookstore>

books.xsd

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    xmlns="urn:bookstore-schema"
    elementFormDefault="qualified"
    targetNamespace="urn:bookstore-schema">

 <xsd:element name="bookstore" type="bookstoreType"/>

 <xsd:complexType name="bookstoreType">
  <xsd:sequence maxOccurs="unbounded">
   <xsd:element name="book"  type="bookType"/>
  </xsd:sequence>
 </xsd:complexType>

 <xsd:complexType name="bookType">
  <xsd:sequence>
   <xsd:element name="title" type="xsd:string"/>
   <xsd:element name="author" type="authorName"/>
   <xsd:element name="price"  type="xsd:decimal"/>
  </xsd:sequence>
  <xsd:attribute name="genre" type="xsd:string"/>
 </xsd:complexType>

 <xsd:complexType name="authorName">
  <xsd:sequence>
   <xsd:element name="first-name"  type="xsd:string"/>
   <xsd:element name="last-name" type="xsd:string"/>
  </xsd:sequence>
 </xsd:complexType>

</xsd:schema>

輸出

驗證錯誤：命名空間 urn:bookstore-schema 中的項目 book 在 urn:bookstore-schema 命名空間中具有無效的項目子系 author。 命名空間 urn:bookstore-schema 中預期的是 title。

驗證錯誤：命名空間 urn:bookstore-schema 中的項目 author 在 urn:bookstore-schema 命名空間中具有無效的項目子系 'name'。 命名空間 urn:bookstore-schema 中預期的是 first-name。

請參閱

概念

使用 XmlReader 讀取 XML

其他資源

使用 XmlReader 驗證 XML 資料