逐步解說：建立功能表提供者

發行項
05/28/2012

這個逐步解說將示範如何為 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 自訂控制項，建立設計階段功能表提供者。您可以使用這個捷徑功能表項目，設定自訂按鈕控制項上 Background 屬性的值。如需完整的程式碼清單，請參閱 WPF 設計工具擴充性範例網站上的＜內容功能表提供者＞範例 (英文)。

在這個逐步解說中，您會執行下列工作：

建立 WPF 自訂控制項程式庫專案。
為設計階段中繼資料建立個別組件。
實作功能表提供者。
在設計階段使用控制項。

完成時，您就知道要如何建立自訂控制項的功能表提供者。

注意

根據您目前使用的設定或版本，您所看到的對話方塊與功能表指令可能會與 [說明] 中描述的不同。若要變更設定，請從 [工具] 功能表中選擇 [匯入和匯出設定]。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 Visual Studio 設定。

必要條件

您需要下列元件才能完成此逐步解說：

Visual Studio 2012 RC.

建立自訂控制項

第一個步驟是為自訂控制項建立專案。這個控制項是一個具有少量設計階段程式碼的簡易按鈕，這個程式碼使用 GetIsInDesignMode 方法來實作設計階段行為。

建立自訂控制項

在 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 中建立名為 CustomControlLibrary 的新 WPF 自訂控制項程式庫專案。

CustomControl1 的程式碼隨即在 [程式碼編輯器] 中開啟。
在 [方案總管] 中，將程式碼檔案的名稱變更為 ButtonWithDesignTime.cs 或 ButtonWithDesignTime.vb。如果顯示訊息方塊詢問您是否要重新命名專案中的所有參考，請按一下 [是]。
在 [程式碼編輯器] 中開啟 ButtonWithDesignTime.cs 或 ButtonWithDesignTime.vb。

以下列程式碼取代自動產生的程式碼。這個程式碼繼承自 Button，且當按鈕出現在設計工具中時會顯示文字「設計模式作用中」。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows.Media
Imports System.ComponentModel

Public Class ButtonWithDesignTime
    Inherits Button

    Public Sub New()
        ' The GetIsInDesignMode check and the following design-time 
        ' code are optional and shown only for demonstration.
        If DesignerProperties.GetIsInDesignMode(Me) Then
            Content = "Design mode active"
        End If

    End Sub
End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace CustomControlLibrary
{
    public class ButtonWithDesignTime : Button
    {
        public ButtonWithDesignTime()
        {
            // The GetIsInDesignMode check and the following design-time 
            // code are optional and shown only for demonstration.
            if (DesignerProperties.GetIsInDesignMode(this))
            {
                Content = "Design mode active";
            }
        }
    }
}

將專案的輸出路徑設定為 "bin\"。
建置方案。

建立設計階段中繼資料組件

設計階段程式碼部署在特殊中繼資料組件中。在本逐步解說中，內容功能表實作部署在名為 CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design 的組件中。如需詳細資訊，請參閱提供設計階段中繼資料。

若要建立設計階段中繼資料組件

在 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 中，將名為 CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design 的新類別庫 (Class Library) 專案加入至方案。
將專案的輸出路徑設定為 ".. \CustomControlLibrary\bin\"。這麼做會將控制項的組件和中繼資料組件保留在同一個資料夾中，讓設計工具可進行中繼資料探索。
加入下列 WPF 組件的參考。
- PresentationCore
- PresentationFramework
- System.Xaml
- WindowsBase
加入下列 WPF Designer組件的參考。
- Microsoft.Windows.Design.Extensibility
- Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction
加入 CustomControlLibrary 專案的參考。
在 [方案總管] 中，將 Class1 程式碼檔案的名稱變更為 Metadata.cs 或 Metadata.vb。如果顯示訊息方塊詢問您是否要重新命名專案中的所有參考，請按一下 [是]。

以下列程式碼取代自動產生的程式碼。這個程式碼會建立 AttributeTable，會將自訂設計階段實作附加至 ButtonWithDesignTime 類別。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Windows.Media
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows
Imports CustomControlLibrary
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Features
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Metadata
'Imports CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design.Slid

' The ProvideMetadata assembly-level attribute indicates to designers
' that this assembly contains a class that provides an attribute table. 
<Assembly: ProvideMetadata(GetType(CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design.Metadata))> 

' Container for any general design-time metadata to initialize.
' Designers look for a type in the design-time assembly that 
' implements IProvideAttributeTable. If found, designers instantiate
' this class and access its AttributeTable property automatically.
Friend Class Metadata
    Implements IProvideAttributeTable

    ' Accessed by the designer to register any design-time metadata.
    Public ReadOnly Property AttributeTable() As AttributeTable _
        Implements IProvideAttributeTable.AttributeTable
        Get
            Dim builder As New AttributeTableBuilder()

            ' Add the menu provider to the design-time metadata.
            builder.AddCustomAttributes(GetType(ButtonWithDesignTime), _
                                        New FeatureAttribute(GetType(CustomContextMenuProvider)))

            Return builder.CreateTable()
        End Get
    End Property
End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows;

using CustomControlLibrary;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Features;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Metadata;
using CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design;

// The ProvideMetadata assembly-level attribute indicates to designers
// that this assembly contains a class that provides an attribute table. 
[assembly: ProvideMetadata(typeof(CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design.Metadata))]
namespace CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design
{
    // Container for any general design-time metadata to initialize.
    // Designers look for a type in the design-time assembly that 
    // implements IProvideAttributeTable. If found, designers instantiate 
    // this class and access its AttributeTable property automatically.
    internal class Metadata : IProvideAttributeTable
    {
        // Accessed by the designer to register any design-time metadata.
        public AttributeTable AttributeTable
        {
            get
            {
                AttributeTableBuilder builder = new AttributeTableBuilder();

                // Add the menu provider to the design-time metadata.
                builder.AddCustomAttributes(
                    typeof(ButtonWithDesignTime),
                    new FeatureAttribute(typeof(CustomContextMenuProvider)));

                return builder.CreateTable(); 
            }
        }
    }
}

儲存方案。

實作功能表提供者

功能表提供者實作在名為 CustomContextMenuProvider 的型別中。提供的 MenuAction 可讓您在設計階段，設定控制項的 Background 屬性。

若要實作功能表提供者

將名為 CustomContextMenuProvider 的新類別，加入至 CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design 專案。

在 CustomContextMenuProvider 的 [程式碼編輯器] 中，以下列程式碼取代自動產生的程式碼。這個程式碼會實作一個 PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider，它會提供自訂的 MenuAction。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction
Imports System.Windows
Imports Microsoft.Windows.Design.Model
Imports System.Windows.Controls
Imports System.Windows.Media

' The CustomContextMenuProvider class provides two context menu items
' at design time. These are implemented with the MenuAction class.
Class CustomContextMenuProvider
    Inherits PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider

    Private setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction As MenuAction
    Private clearBackgroundMenuAction As MenuAction

    ' The provider's constructor sets up the MenuAction objects 
    ' and the the MenuGroup which holds them.
    Public Sub New()

        ' Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
        ' background to Blue.
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction = New MenuAction("Blue")
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checkable = True
        AddHandler setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Execute, AddressOf SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute

        ' Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
        ' background to its default value.
        clearBackgroundMenuAction = New MenuAction("Cleared")
        clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checkable = True
        AddHandler clearBackgroundMenuAction.Execute, AddressOf ClearBackground_Execute

        ' Set up the MenuGroup which holds the MenuAction items.
        Dim backgroundFlyoutGroup As New MenuGroup("SetBackgroundsGroup", "Set Background")

        ' If HasDropDown is false, the group appears inline, 
        ' instead of as a flyout. Set to true.
        backgroundFlyoutGroup.HasDropDown = True
        backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction)
        backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(clearBackgroundMenuAction)
        Me.Items.Add(backgroundFlyoutGroup)

        ' The UpdateItemStatus event is raised immediately before 
        ' this provider shows its tabs, which provides the opportunity 
        ' to set states.
        AddHandler UpdateItemStatus, AddressOf CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus

    End Sub

    ' The following method handles the UpdateItemStatus event.
    ' It sets the MenuAction states according to the state
    ' of the control's Background property. This method is
    ' called before the context menu is shown.
    Sub CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus( _
        ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As MenuActionEventArgs)

        ' Turn everything on, and then based on the value 
        ' of the BackgroundProperty, selectively turn some off.
        clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = False
        clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = True
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = False
        setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = True

        ' Get a ModelItem which represents the selected control. 
        Dim selectedControl As ModelItem = _
            e.Selection.PrimarySelection

        ' Get the value of the Background property from the ModelItem.
        Dim backgroundProperty As ModelProperty = _
            selectedControl.Properties("Background")

        ' Set the MenuAction items appropriately.
        If Not backgroundProperty.IsSet Then
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = True
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = False
        ElseIf backgroundProperty.ComputedValue.Equals(Brushes.Blue) Then
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = True
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = False
        End If

    End Sub

    ' The following method handles the Execute event. 
    ' It sets the Background property to its default value.
    Sub ClearBackground_Execute( _
        ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As MenuActionEventArgs)

        Dim selectedControl As ModelItem = e.Selection.PrimarySelection
        selectedControl.Properties("Background").ClearValue()

    End Sub

    ' The following method handles the Execute event. 
    ' It sets the Background property to Brushes.Blue.
    Sub SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute( _
        ByVal sender As Object, _
        ByVal e As MenuActionEventArgs)

        Dim selectedControl As ModelItem = e.Selection.PrimarySelection
        selectedControl.Properties("Background").SetValue(Brushes.Blue)

    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Interaction;
using System.Windows;
using Microsoft.Windows.Design.Model;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace CustomControlLibrary.VisualStudio.Design
{
    // The CustomContextMenuProvider class provides two context menu items
    // at design time. These are implemented with the MenuAction class.
    class CustomContextMenuProvider : PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider
    {
        private MenuAction setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction;
        private MenuAction clearBackgroundMenuAction;

        // The provider's constructor sets up the MenuAction objects 
        // and the the MenuGroup which holds them.
        public CustomContextMenuProvider()
        {   
            // Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
            // background to Blue.
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction = new MenuAction("Blue");
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checkable = true;
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Execute += 
                new EventHandler<MenuActionEventArgs>(SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute);

            // Set up the MenuAction which sets the control's 
            // background to its default value.
            clearBackgroundMenuAction = new MenuAction("Cleared");
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checkable = true;
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Execute += 
                new EventHandler<MenuActionEventArgs>(ClearBackground_Execute);

            // Set up the MenuGroup which holds the MenuAction items.
            MenuGroup backgroundFlyoutGroup = 
                new MenuGroup("SetBackgroundsGroup", "Set Background");

            // If HasDropDown is false, the group appears inline, 
            // instead of as a flyout. Set to true.
            backgroundFlyoutGroup.HasDropDown = true;
            backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction);
            backgroundFlyoutGroup.Items.Add(clearBackgroundMenuAction);
            this.Items.Add(backgroundFlyoutGroup);

            // The UpdateItemStatus event is raised immediately before 
            // this provider shows its tabs, which provides the opportunity 
            // to set states.
            UpdateItemStatus += 
                new EventHandler<MenuActionEventArgs>(
                    CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus);
        }

        // The following method handles the UpdateItemStatus event.
        // It sets the MenuAction states according to the state
        // of the control's Background property. This method is
        // called before the context menu is shown.
        void CustomContextMenuProvider_UpdateItemStatus(
            object sender, 
            MenuActionEventArgs e)
        {
            // Turn everything on, and then based on the value 
            // of the BackgroundProperty, selectively turn some off.
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = false;
            clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = true;
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = false;
            setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = true;

            // Get a ModelItem which represents the selected control. 
            ModelItem selectedControl = e.Selection.PrimarySelection;

            // Get the value of the Background property from the ModelItem.
            ModelProperty backgroundProperty = 
                selectedControl.Properties["Background"];

            // Set the MenuAction items appropriately.
            if (!backgroundProperty.IsSet)
            {
                clearBackgroundMenuAction.Checked = true;
                clearBackgroundMenuAction.Enabled = false;
            }
            else if (backgroundProperty.ComputedValue == Brushes.Blue)
            {
                setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Checked = true;
                setBackgroundToBlueMenuAction.Enabled = false;
            }
        }

        // The following method handles the Execute event. 
        // It sets the Background property to its default value.
        void ClearBackground_Execute(
            object sender, 
            MenuActionEventArgs e)
        {
            ModelItem selectedControl = e.Selection.PrimarySelection;
            selectedControl.Properties["Background"].ClearValue();
        }

        // The following method handles the Execute event. 
        // It sets the Background property to Brushes.Blue.
        void SetBackgroundToBlue_Execute(
            object sender, 
            MenuActionEventArgs e)
        {
            ModelItem selectedControl = e.Selection.PrimarySelection;
            selectedControl.Properties["Background"].SetValue(Brushes.Blue);
        }
    }
}

建置方案。

測試設計階段實作

您可以使用 ButtonWithDesignTime 控制項，就像使用任何其他 WPF 控制項一樣。 WPF Designer會負責建立所有的設計階段物件。

若要測試設計階段實作

在 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 中，將名為 DemoApplication 的新 WPF 應用程式專案加入至方案。

MainWindow.xaml 隨即在 WPF Designer中開啟。
加入 CustomControlLibrary 專案的參考。

在 [XAML] 檢視中，以下列 XAML 取代自動產生的 XAML。這個 XAML 會加入 CustomControlLibrary 命名空間的參考，並加入 ButtonWithDesignTime 自訂控制項。按鈕會顯示在 [設計] 檢視中，並顯示文字「設計模式作用中」，表示正在設計模式下。如果按鈕不顯示，您可能需要按一下設計工具頂端的資訊列以重新載入檢視。

<Window x:Class="DemoApplication.MainWindow"
    xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:cc="clr-namespace:CustomControlLibrary;assembly=CustomControlLibrary"
    Title="Window1" Height="300" Width="300">
    <Grid>
        <cc:ButtonWithDesignTime Margin="30,30,30,30" Background="#FFD4D0C8"></cc:ButtonWithDesignTime>
    </Grid>
</Window>

在 [設計] 檢視中，按一下 ButtonWithDesignTime 控制項以選取該項目。
以滑鼠右鍵按一下 ButtonWithDesignTime 控制項、指向 [設定背景]，然後選取 [藍色]。

控制項的背景就會設定成藍色。在 [XAML] 檢視中，Background 屬性會設定為功能表動作所指定的值。
執行 DemoApplication 專案。

在執行階段，按鈕的背景是您使用捷徑功能表所設定的顏色。

後續步驟

您可以將多個自訂設計階段功能，加入至自訂控制項。

將自訂裝飾項加入至控制項的設計階段。如需詳細資訊，請參閱逐步解說：建立設計階段裝飾項。
為自訂型別建立可以在 [屬性] 視窗中使用的編輯器。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 HOW TO：建立值編輯器。

請參閱

參考

PrimarySelectionContextMenuProvider

其他資源

進階擴充性概念

WPF 設計工具擴充性

WPF 設計工具擴充性範例

共用方式為

逐步解說：建立功能表提供者

必要條件

建立自訂控制項

建立自訂控制項

建立設計階段中繼資料組件

若要建立設計階段中繼資料組件

實作功能表提供者

若要實作功能表提供者

測試設計階段實作

若要測試設計階段實作

後續步驟

請參閱

參考

其他資源

其他資源