使用 Resource Manager 範本建立傳統計量警示規則
警告
本文說明如何建立舊版傳統計量警示規則。 「Azure 監視器」現已支援新版的近乎即時計量警示和新的警示體驗。 公用雲端使用者已淘汰傳統警示。 Azure Government 雲端和 21Vianet 營運的 Microsoft Azure 傳統警示將於 2024 年 2 月 29 日淘汰。
本文說明如何使用 Azure Resource Manager 範本來設定 Azure 傳統計量警示規則。 這可讓您在建立警示規則以確保正確地監視所有資源時，自動在您的資源上設定警示規則。
基本步驟如下：
- 將範本建立為可說明如何建立警示規則的 JSON 檔案。
- 使用任何部署方法部署範本。
下面我們會先單獨針對警示規則，然後針對建立其他資源期間的警示規則，說明如何建立 Resource Manager 範本。
傳統計量警示規則的 Resource Manager 範本
若要使用 Resource Manager 範本建立警示規則，請建立 Microsoft.Insights/alertRules 類型的資源，並填入所有相關的屬性。 以下是建立警示規則的範本。
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"parameters": {
"alertName": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"description": "Name of alert"
}
},
"alertDescription": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "Description of alert"
}
},
"isEnabled": {
"type": "bool",
"defaultValue": true,
"metadata": {
"description": "Specifies whether alerts are enabled"
}
},
"resourceId": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "Resource ID of the resource emitting the metric that will be used for the comparison."
}
},
"metricName": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "Name of the metric used in the comparison to activate the alert."
}
},
"operator": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "GreaterThan",
"allowedValues": [
"GreaterThan",
"GreaterThanOrEqual",
"LessThan",
"LessThanOrEqual"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Operator comparing the current value with the threshold value."
}
},
"threshold": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "The threshold value at which the alert is activated."
}
},
"aggregation": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Average",
"allowedValues": [
"Average",
"Last",
"Maximum",
"Minimum",
"Total"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "How the data that is collected should be combined over time."
}
},
"windowSize": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "PT5M",
"metadata": {
"description": "Period of time used to monitor alert activity based on the threshold. Must be between five minutes and one day. ISO 8601 duration format."
}
},
"sendToServiceOwners": {
"type": "bool",
"defaultValue": true,
"metadata": {
"description": "Specifies whether alerts are sent to service owners"
}
},
"customEmailAddresses": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "Comma-delimited email addresses where the alerts are also sent"
}
},
"webhookUrl": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "URL of a webhook that will receive an HTTP POST when the alert activates."
}
}
},
"variables": {
"customEmails": "[split(parameters('customEmailAddresses'), ',')]"
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Insights/alertRules",
"name": "[parameters('alertName')]",
"location": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"apiVersion": "2016-03-01",
"properties": {
"name": "[parameters('alertName')]",
"description": "[parameters('alertDescription')]",
"isEnabled": "[parameters('isEnabled')]",
"condition": {
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.ThresholdRuleCondition",
"dataSource": {
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.RuleMetricDataSource",
"resourceUri": "[parameters('resourceId')]",
"metricName": "[parameters('metricName')]"
},
"operator": "[parameters('operator')]",
"threshold": "[parameters('threshold')]",
"windowSize": "[parameters('windowSize')]",
"timeAggregation": "[parameters('aggregation')]"
},
"actions": [
{
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.RuleEmailAction",
"sendToServiceOwners": "[parameters('sendToServiceOwners')]",
"customEmails": "[variables('customEmails')]"
},
{
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.RuleWebhookAction",
"serviceUri": "[parameters('webhookUrl')]",
"properties": {}
}
]
}
}
]
}
警示規則的結構描述和屬性說明 請見這裡。
具有傳統計量警示規則之資源的 Resource Manager 範本
在建立資源時建立警示規則，Resource Manager 範本上的警示規則通常很有用。 例如，您可能想要確保在每次部署虛擬機器時都會設定 "CPU % > 80" 規則。 若要這樣做，在 VM 範本的資源陣列中將警示規則新增為資源，並使用 dependsOn 屬性將相依性新增至 VM 資源識別碼。 以下完整範例可在建立 Windows VM 並在 CPU 使用率高於 80% 時新增警示規則，以通知訂用帳戶管理員。
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2014-04-01-preview/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"parameters": {
"newStorageAccountName": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"Description": "The name of the storage account where the VM disk is stored."
}
},
"adminUsername": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"Description": "The name of the administrator account on the VM."
}
},
"adminPassword": {
"type": "securestring",
"metadata": {
"Description": "The administrator account password on the VM."
}
},
"dnsNameForPublicIP": {
"type": "string",
"metadata": {
"Description": "The name of the public IP address used to access the VM."
}
}
},
"variables": {
"location": "Central US",
"imagePublisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
"imageOffer": "WindowsServer",
"windowsOSVersion": "2012-R2-Datacenter",
"OSDiskName": "osdisk1",
"nicName": "nc1",
"addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
"subnetName": "sn1",
"subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
"storageAccountType": "Standard_LRS",
"publicIPAddressName": "ip1",
"publicIPAddressType": "Dynamic",
"vmStorageAccountContainerName": "vhds",
"vmName": "vm1",
"vmSize": "Standard_A0",
"virtualNetworkName": "vn1",
"vnetID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks',variables('virtualNetworkName'))]",
"subnetRef": "[concat(variables('vnetID'),'/subnets/',variables('subnetName'))]",
"vmID":"[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines',variables('vmName'))]",
"alertName": "highCPUOnVM",
"alertDescription":"CPU is over 80%",
"alertIsEnabled": true,
"resourceId": "",
"metricName": "Percentage CPU",
"operator": "GreaterThan",
"threshold": "80",
"windowSize": "PT5M",
"aggregation": "Average",
"customEmails": "",
"sendToServiceOwners": true,
"webhookUrl": "http://testwebhook.test"
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
"name": "[parameters('newStorageAccountName')]",
"apiVersion": "2015-06-15",
"location": "[variables('location')]",
"properties": {
"accountType": "[variables('storageAccountType')]"
}
},
{
"apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"name": "[variables('publicIPAddressName')]",
"location": "[variables('location')]",
"properties": {
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "[variables('publicIPAddressType')]",
"dnsSettings": {
"domainNameLabel": "[parameters('dnsNameForPublicIP')]"
}
}
},
{
"apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
"name": "[variables('virtualNetworkName')]",
"location": "[variables('location')]",
"properties": {
"addressSpace": {
"addressPrefixes": [
"[variables('addressPrefix')]"
]
},
"subnets": [
{
"name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
"type": "Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces",
"name": "[variables('nicName')]",
"location": "[variables('location')]",
"dependsOn": [
"[concat('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]",
"[concat('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/', variables('virtualNetworkName'))]"
],
"properties": {
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "ipconfig1",
"properties": {
"privateIPAllocationMethod": "Dynamic",
"publicIPAddress": {
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses',variables('publicIPAddressName'))]"
},
"subnet": {
"id": "[variables('subnetRef')]"
}
}
}
]
}
},
{
"apiVersion": "2016-03-30",
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines",
"name": "[variables('vmName')]",
"location": "[variables('location')]",
"dependsOn": [
"[concat('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/', parameters('newStorageAccountName'))]",
"[concat('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces/', variables('nicName'))]"
],
"properties": {
"hardwareProfile": {
"vmSize": "[variables('vmSize')]"
},
"osProfile": {
"computername": "[variables('vmName')]",
"adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
"adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
},
"storageProfile": {
"imageReference": {
"publisher": "[variables('imagePublisher')]",
"offer": "[variables('imageOffer')]",
"sku": "[variables('windowsOSVersion')]",
"version": "latest"
},
"osDisk": {
"name": "osdisk",
"vhd": {
"uri": "[concat('http://',parameters('newStorageAccountName'),'.blob.core.windows.net/',variables('vmStorageAccountContainerName'),'/',variables('OSDiskName'),'.vhd')]"
},
"caching": "ReadWrite",
"createOption": "FromImage"
}
},
"networkProfile": {
"networkInterfaces": [
{
"id": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces',variables('nicName'))]"
}
]
}
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Insights/alertRules",
"name": "[variables('alertName')]",
"dependsOn": [
"[variables('vmID')]"
],
"location": "[variables('location')]",
"apiVersion": "2016-03-01",
"properties": {
"name": "[variables('alertName')]",
"description": "variables('alertDescription')",
"isEnabled": "[variables('alertIsEnabled')]",
"condition": {
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.ThresholdRuleCondition",
"dataSource": {
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.RuleMetricDataSource",
"resourceUri": "[variables('vmID')]",
"metricName": "[variables('metricName')]"
},
"operator": "[variables('operator')]",
"threshold": "[variables('threshold')]",
"windowSize": "[variables('windowSize')]",
"timeAggregation": "[variables('aggregation')]"
},
"actions": [
{
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.RuleEmailAction",
"sendToServiceOwners": "[variables('sendToServiceOwners')]",
"customEmails": "[variables('customEmails')]"
},
{
"odata.type": "Microsoft.Azure.Management.Insights.Models.RuleWebhookAction",
"serviceUri": "[variables('webhookUrl')]",
"properties": {}
}
]
}
}
]
}
後續步驟
- 深入了解警示
- 將診斷設定新增 至您的 Resource Manager 範本
- 如需 JSON 語法和屬性的相關資訊，請參閱 Microsoft.Insights/alertrules 範本參考。