Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) 上的 HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件 (已淘汰)
警告
Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) 上的 HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件將於 2025 年 3 月 3 日淘汰。 建議您依該日期移轉至應用程式路由附加元件。
HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件可讓您輕鬆存取已部署至 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) 叢集的應用程式,方法是:
開始之前
- HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件不適用於 AKS 1.22.6+ 版。
- 如果您要在本機執行命令,請使用
az aks install-cli
命令進行安裝kubectl
。
HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件概觀
附加元件會部署兩個元件:Kubernetes 輸入控制器 和 External-DNS 控制器。
- 輸入控制器:輸入控制器會使用 Kube
LoadBalancer
服務對網際網路公開。 輸入控制器會監看與實作 Kube 輸入資源,並建立應用程式端點的路由。 - External-DNS 控制器:External-DNS 控制器監看 Kubernetes 輸入資源,並在叢集特定 DNS 區域中建立 DNS
A
記錄。
啟用 HTTP 應用程式路由
建立新的 AKS 叢集,並使用
az aks create
命令搭配--enable-addons
參數來啟用 HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件。az aks create \ --resource-group myResourceGroup \ --name myAKSCluster \ --enable-addons http_application_routing \ --generate-ssh-keys
您也可以使用
az aks enable-addons
命令搭配--addons
參數,在現有的 AKS 叢集上啟用 HTTP 路由。az aks enable-addons --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster --addons http_application_routing
使用
az aks show
命令擷取 DNS 區域名稱。 您需要 DNS 區域名稱,才能將應用程式部署至叢集。az aks show --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster --query addonProfiles.httpApplicationRouting.config.HTTPApplicationRoutingZoneName -o table
您的輸出看起來如下列範例輸出所示:
9f9c1fe7-21a1-416d-99cd-3543bb92e4c3.eastus.aksapp.io
連線至您的 AKS 叢集
使用
az aks get-credentials
命令,設定kubectl
連線到 Kubernetes 叢集。 下列範例會針對 myResourceGroup 中名為 myAKSCluster 的 AKS 叢集取得認證:az aks get-credentials --resource-group myResourceGroup --name myAKSCluster
使用 HTTP 應用程式路由
重要
HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件只能透過下列註釋在輸入資源上觸發:
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: addon-http-application-routing
建立名為 samples-http-application-routing.yaml 的檔案,然後將下列 YAML 複製進來。 在第 43 行上,使用上一個步驟所收集的 DNS 區域名稱來更新
<CLUSTER_SPECIFIC_DNS_ZONE>
。apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: aks-helloworld spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: aks-helloworld template: metadata: labels: app: aks-helloworld spec: containers: - name: aks-helloworld image: mcr.microsoft.com/azuredocs/aks-helloworld:v1 ports: - containerPort: 80 env: - name: TITLE value: "Welcome to Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: aks-helloworld spec: type: ClusterIP ports: - port: 80 selector: app: aks-helloworld --- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: aks-helloworld annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: addon-http-application-routing spec: rules: - host: aks-helloworld.<CLUSTER_SPECIFIC_DNS_ZONE> http: paths: - path: / pathType: Prefix backend: service: name: aks-helloworld port: number: 80
使用
kubectl apply
命令建立資源。kubectl apply -f samples-http-application-routing.yaml
下列範例顯示已建立的資源:
deployment.apps/aks-helloworld created service/aks-helloworld created ingress.networking.k8s.io/aks-helloworld created
開啟網頁瀏覽器至aks-helloworld。<CLUSTER_SPECIFIC_DNS_ZONE >,例如 aks-helloworld.9f9c1fe7-21a1-416d-99cd-3543bb92e4c3.eastus.aksapp.io 並確認您看到示範應用程式。 應用程式可能會需要數分鐘才出現。
移除 HTTP 應用程式路由
使用 [
az aks disable-addons][az-aks-disable-addons] command with the
addons' 參數移除 HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件。az aks disable-addons --addons http_application_routing --name myAKSCluster --resource-group myResourceGroup --no-wait
停用 HTTP 應用程式路由附加元件時,某些 Kubernetes 資源可能會留在叢集中。 這些資源包括 configMaps 和 secrets,且會建立在 kube-system 命名空間中。 為了讓叢集保持乾淨,建議您移除這些資源。 使用下列
kubectl get
命令尋找 addon-http-application-routing 資源:kubectl get deployments --namespace kube-system kubectl get services --namespace kube-system kubectl get configmaps --namespace kube-system kubectl get secrets --namespace kube-system
下列範例輸出會顯示應該刪除的 configmaps:
NAMESPACE NAME DATA AGE kube-system addon-http-application-routing-nginx-configuration 0 9m7s kube-system addon-http-application-routing-tcp-services 0 9m7s kube-system addon-http-application-routing-udp-services 0 9m7s
使用
kubectl delete
命令刪除剩餘的資源。 請務必指定資源類型、資源名稱和命名空間。 下列範例會刪除先前的其中一個 configmaps:kubectl delete configmaps addon-http-application-routing-nginx-configuration --namespace kube-system
針對叢集中保留的所有 addon-http-application-routing 資源重複先前的
kubectl delete
步驟。
疑難排解
使用
kubectl logs
命令來檢視 External-DNS 應用程式的應用程式記錄。kubectl logs -f deploy/addon-http-application-routing-external-dns -n kube-system
記錄應該確認 已成功建立
A
和TXT
DNS 記錄,如下列範例輸出所示:time="2018-04-26T20:36:19Z" level=info msg="Updating A record named 'aks-helloworld' to '52.242.28.189' for Azure DNS zone '471756a6-e744-4aa0-aa01-89c4d162a7a7.canadaeast.aksapp.io'." time="2018-04-26T20:36:21Z" level=info msg="Updating TXT record named 'aks-helloworld' to '"heritage=external-dns,external-dns/owner=default"' for Azure DNS zone '471756a6-e744-4aa0-aa01-89c4d162a7a7.canadaeast.aksapp.io'."
使用
kubectl logs
命令檢視 NGINX 輸入控制器的應用程式記錄。kubectl logs -f deploy/addon-http-application-routing-nginx-ingress-controller -n kube-system
記錄應該確認輸入資源的
CREATE
以及是否已重新載入控制器,如下列範例輸出所示:------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NGINX Ingress controller Release: 0.13.0 Build: git-4bc943a Repository: https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I0426 20:30:12.212936 9 flags.go:162] Watching for ingress class: addon-http-application-routing W0426 20:30:12.213041 9 flags.go:165] only Ingress with class "addon-http-application-routing" will be processed by this ingress controller W0426 20:30:12.213505 9 client_config.go:533] Neither --kubeconfig nor --master was specified. Using the inClusterConfig. This might not work. I0426 20:30:12.213752 9 main.go:181] Creating API client for https://10.0.0.1:443 I0426 20:30:12.287928 9 main.go:225] Running in Kubernetes Cluster version v1.8 (v1.8.11) - git (clean) commit 1df6a8381669a6c753f79cb31ca2e3d57ee7c8a3 - platform linux/amd64 I0426 20:30:12.290988 9 main.go:84] validated kube-system/addon-http-application-routing-default-http-backend as the default backend I0426 20:30:12.294314 9 main.go:105] service kube-system/addon-http-application-routing-nginx-ingress validated as source of Ingress status I0426 20:30:12.426443 9 stat_collector.go:77] starting new nginx stats collector for Ingress controller running in namespace (class addon-http-application-routing) I0426 20:30:12.426509 9 stat_collector.go:78] collector extracting information from port 18080 I0426 20:30:12.448779 9 nginx.go:281] starting Ingress controller I0426 20:30:12.463585 9 event.go:218] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"ConfigMap", Namespace:"kube-system", Name:"addon-http-application-routing-nginx-configuration", UID:"2588536c-4990-11e8-a5e1-0a58ac1f0ef2", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"559", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'CREATE' ConfigMap kube-system/addon-http-application-routing-nginx-configuration I0426 20:30:12.466945 9 event.go:218] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"ConfigMap", Namespace:"kube-system", Name:"addon-http-application-routing-tcp-services", UID:"258ca065-4990-11e8-a5e1-0a58ac1f0ef2", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"561", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'CREATE' ConfigMap kube-system/addon-http-application-routing-tcp-services I0426 20:30:12.467053 9 event.go:218] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"ConfigMap", Namespace:"kube-system", Name:"addon-http-application-routing-udp-services", UID:"259023bc-4990-11e8-a5e1-0a58ac1f0ef2", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"562", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'CREATE' ConfigMap kube-system/addon-http-application-routing-udp-services I0426 20:30:13.649195 9 nginx.go:302] starting NGINX process... I0426 20:30:13.649347 9 leaderelection.go:175] attempting to acquire leader lease kube-system/ingress-controller-leader-addon-http-application-routing... I0426 20:30:13.649776 9 controller.go:170] backend reload required I0426 20:30:13.649800 9 stat_collector.go:34] changing prometheus collector from to default I0426 20:30:13.662191 9 leaderelection.go:184] successfully acquired lease kube-system/ingress-controller-leader-addon-http-application-routing I0426 20:30:13.662292 9 status.go:196] new leader elected: addon-http-application-routing-nginx-ingress-controller-5cxntd6 I0426 20:30:13.763362 9 controller.go:179] ingress backend successfully reloaded... I0426 21:51:55.249327 9 event.go:218] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"Ingress", Namespace:"default", Name:"aks-helloworld", UID:"092c9599-499c-11e8-a5e1-0a58ac1f0ef2", APIVersion:"extensions", ResourceVersion:"7346", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'CREATE' Ingress default/aks-helloworld W0426 21:51:57.908771 9 controller.go:775] service default/aks-helloworld does not have any active endpoints I0426 21:51:57.908951 9 controller.go:170] backend reload required I0426 21:51:58.042932 9 controller.go:179] ingress backend successfully reloaded... 167.220.24.46 - [167.220.24.46] - - [26/Apr/2018:21:53:20 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 234 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)" 197 0.001 [default-aks-helloworld-80] 10.244.0.13:8080 234 0.004 200
清除資源
使用
kubectl delete
命令,移除您在本文中建立的相關聯 Kube 物件。kubectl delete -f samples-http-application-routing.yaml
下列範例輸出顯示,已經移除 Kube 物件:
deployment "aks-helloworld" deleted service "aks-helloworld" deleted ingress "aks-helloworld" deleted
下一步
如需在 AKS 中安裝 HTTPS 所保護的輸入控制器有關的資訊,請參閱 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) 上的 HTTPS 輸入。