呼叫要求服務 REST API

發行項
07/08/2024

Microsoft Entra 已驗證的識別碼包括要求服務 REST API。此 API 可讓您發出和驗證認證。本文說明如何開始使用要求服務 REST API。

API 存取權杖

您的應用程式存取必須包含具有必要權限的有效存取權杖，以便此應用程式可以存取要求服務 REST API。 Microsoft 身分識別平台所發出的存取權杖，包含要求服務 REST API 用來驗證呼叫者的資訊 (範圍)。存取權杖可確保呼叫者具有適當的權限，可執行其所要求的作業。

若要取得存取權杖，您的應用程式必須向 Microsoft 身分識別平台註冊，並由管理員授權，以存取要求服務 REST API。如果您尚未註冊 verifiable-credentials-app 應用程式，請參閱如何註冊應用程式，然後產生應用程式秘密。

取得存取權杖

使用 OAuth 2.0 用戶端認證授與流程，利用 Microsoft 身分識別平台取得存取權杖。基於此目的，請使用信任的程式庫。在本教學課程中，我們會使用 Microsoft 驗證程式庫 (MSAL)。 MSAL 可簡化下列動作：將驗證和授權新增至可呼叫安全 Web API 的應用程式。

POST /{tenant}/oauth2/v2.0/token HTTP/1.1           //Line breaks for clarity
Host: login.microsoftonline.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=00001111-aaaa-2222-bbbb-3333cccc4444
&scope=3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default
&client_secret=sampleCredentia1s
&grant_type=client_credentials

// Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
ConfidentialClientApplicationBuilder.Create(AppSettings.ClientId)
    .WithClientSecret(AppSettings.ClientSecret)
    .WithAuthority(new Uri(AppSettings.Authority))
    .Build();

// Acquire an access token
result = await app.AcquireTokenForClient(AppSettings.Scopes)
                .ExecuteAsync();

// Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
const msalConfig = {
  auth: {
      clientId: config.azClientId,
      authority: `https://login.microsoftonline.com/${config.azTenantId}`,
      clientSecret: config.azClientSecret,
  },
  system: {
      loggerOptions: {
          loggerCallback(loglevel, message, containsPii) {
              console.log(message);
          },
          piiLoggingEnabled: false,
          logLevel: msal.LogLevel.Verbose,
      }
  }
};
const cca = new msal.ConfidentialClientApplication(msalConfig);
const msalClientCredentialRequest = {
  scopes: ["3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default"],
  skipCache: false, 
};
module.exports.msalCca = cca;
module.exports.msalClientCredentialRequest = msalClientCredentialRequest;

// Acquire an access token
const result = await mainApp.msalCca.acquireTokenByClientCredential(mainApp.msalClientCredentialRequest);
    if ( result ) {
      accessToken = result.accessToken;
    }

# Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
msalCca = msal.ConfidentialClientApplication( config["azClientId"], 
    authority="https://login.microsoftonline.com/" + config["azTenantId"],
    client_credential=config["azClientSecret"],
    )

# Acquire an access token
accessToken = ""
result = msalCca.acquire_token_for_client( scopes="3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default" )
if "access_token" in result:
    accessToken = result['access_token']

// Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
ConfidentialClientApplication app = ConfidentialClientApplication.builder(
                clientId,
                ClientCredentialFactory.createFromSecret(clientSecret))
                .authority(authority)
                .build();

// Acquire an access token
ClientCredentialParameters clientCredentialParam = ClientCredentialParameters.builder(
                Collections.singleton(scope))
                .build();
CompletableFuture<IAuthenticationResult> future = app.acquireToken(clientCredentialParam);
IAuthenticationResult result = future.get();
return result.accessToken();

在上述程式碼中，提供下列參數：

參數	條件	描述
授權單位	必要	應用程式要對其進行操作的目錄租用戶。例如： `https://login.microsoftonline.com/{your-tenant}` 。 (將 `your-tenant` 取代為您的租用戶識別碼或名稱。)
Client ID	必要	指派給應用程式的應用程式識別碼。您可以在 Azure 入口網站找到這項資訊，而您已在該入口網站中註冊您的應用程式。
用戶端密碼	必要	您為應用程式所產生的用戶端密碼。
範圍	必要	必須設定為 `3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default`。此設定會產生具有 `VerifiableCredential.Create.All` 角色宣告的存取權杖。

如需如何使用主控台應用程式的身分識別取得存取權杖的詳細資訊，請參閱下列其中一篇文章：

您也可以使用憑證來存取權杖要求，而不使用用戶端密碼。

POST /{tenant}/oauth2/v2.0/token HTTP/1.1   //Line breaks for clarity
Host: login.microsoftonline.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=00001111-aaaa-2222-bbbb-3333cccc4444
&scope=3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default
&client_assertion_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Aclient-assertion-type%3Ajwt-bearer
&client_assertion=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsIng1dCI6Imd4OHRHeXN5amNScUtqRlBuZDdSRnd2d1pJMCJ9.eyJ{a lot of characters here}M8U3bSUKKJDEg
&grant_type=client_credentials

// Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
X509Certificate2 certificate = AppSettings.ReadCertificate(AppSettings.CertificateName);
    app = ConfidentialClientApplicationBuilder.Create(AppSettings.ClientId)
        .WithCertificate(certificate)
        .WithAuthority(new Uri(AppSettings.Authority))
        .Build();

// Acquire an access token
result = await app.AcquireTokenForClient(AppSettings.Scopes)
                .ExecuteAsync();

// Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
const msalConfig = {
  auth: {
      clientId: config.azClientId,
      authority: `https://login.microsoftonline.com/${config.azTenantId}`,
      clientCertificate: {
            thumbprint: "CERT_THUMBPRINT", // a 40-digit hexadecimal string
            privateKey: "CERT_PRIVATE_KEY"
        }
  },
  system: {
      loggerOptions: {
          loggerCallback(loglevel, message, containsPii) {
              console.log(message);
          },
          piiLoggingEnabled: false,
          logLevel: msal.LogLevel.Verbose,
      }
  }
};
const cca = new msal.ConfidentialClientApplication(msalConfig);
const msalClientCredentialRequest = {
  scopes: ["3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default"],
  skipCache: false, 
};
module.exports.msalCca = cca;
module.exports.msalClientCredentialRequest = msalClientCredentialRequest;

// Acquire an access token
const result = await mainApp.msalCca.acquireTokenByClientCredential(mainApp.msalClientCredentialRequest);
    if ( result ) {
      accessToken = result.accessToken;
    }

# Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
with open(config["azCertificatePrivateKeyLocation"], "rb") as file:
    private_key = file.read()
with open(config["azCertificateLocation"]) as file:
    public_certificate = file.read()
cert = load_pem_x509_certificate(data=bytes(public_certificate, 'UTF-8'), backend=default_backend())
thumbprint = (cert.fingerprint(hashes.SHA1()).hex())
msalCca = msal.ConfidentialClientApplication( config["azClientId"], 
    authority="https://login.microsoftonline.com/" + config["azTenantId"],
    client_credential={
        "private_key": private_key,
        "thumbprint": thumbprint,
        "public_certificate": public_certificate
    }
)    
# Acquire an access token
accessToken = ""
result = msalCca.acquire_token_for_client( scopes="3db474b9-6a0c-4840-96ac-1fceb342124f/.default" )
if "access_token" in result:
    accessToken = result['access_token']

// Initialize MSAL library by using the following code
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec spec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(certKeyLocation)));
PrivateKey key = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(spec);
java.io.InputStream certStream = (java.io.InputStream)new ByteArrayInputStream(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(certLocation)));
X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate) CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509").generateCertificate(certStream);
ConfidentialClientApplication app = ConfidentialClientApplication.builder(
                clientId,
                ClientCredentialFactory.createFromCertificate(key, cert))
                .authority(authority)
                .build();
// Acquire an access token
ClientCredentialParameters clientCredentialParam = ClientCredentialParameters.builder(
                Collections.singleton(scope))
                .build();
CompletableFuture<IAuthenticationResult> future = app.acquireToken(clientCredentialParam);
IAuthenticationResult result = future.get();
return result.accessToken();

呼叫 API

若要發出或驗證可驗認證：

對要求服務 REST API 建立 HTTP POST 要求。 URL 中不再需要租用戶識別碼，因為識別碼會在存取權杖中以宣告的形式出現。

問題

POST https://verifiedid.did.msidentity.com/v1.0/verifiableCredentials/createIssuanceRequest

Verify

POST https://verifiedid.did.msidentity.com/v1.0/verifiableCredentials/createPresentationRequest

將存取權杖作為持有人權杖附加至 HTTP 要求中的授權標頭。
```
Authorization: Bearer <token>
```
將 Content-Type 標頭設定為 Application/json。
準備發行或展示要求承載，並將其附加至要求本文。
將要求提交給要求服務 REST API。

要求服務 API 會在成功呼叫時傳回 HTTP 狀態碼 201 Created。如果 API 呼叫傳回錯誤，請參閱錯誤參考文件。

發行要求範例

下列範例示範可驗認證發行要求。如需承載的相關資訊，請參閱要求服務 REST API 發行規格。

POST https://verifiedid.did.msidentity.com/v1.0/verifiableCredentials/createIssuanceRequest
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer  <token>

{...JSON payload...}

發行要求
包含到期日

使用 idTokenHint 證明流程的發行要求：

{
    "authority": "did:web:verifiedid.contoso.com",
    "callback": {
        "url": "https://contoso.com/api/issuer/issuanceCallback",
        "state": "de19cb6b-36c1-45fe-9409-909a51292a9c",
        "headers": {
            "api-key": "OPTIONAL API-KEY for CALLBACK EVENTS"
        }
    },
    "registration": {
        "clientName": "Verifiable Credential Expert Sample"
    },
    "type": "VerifiedCredentialExpert",
    "manifestUrl": "https://verifiedid.did.msidentity.com/v1.0/00001111-aaaa-2222-bbbb-3333cccc4444/verifiableCredentials/contracts/VerifiedCredentialExpert1",
    "pin": {
        "value": "3539",
        "length": 4
    },
    "claims": {
        "given_name": "Megan",
        "family_name": "Bowen"
    }
}

使用 idTokenHint 證明流程設定到期日 (部分機器翻譯) 的發行要求：

{
    "authority": "did:web:verifiedid.contoso.com",
    "callback": {
        "url": "https://contoso.com/api/issuer/issuanceCallback",
        "state": "de19cb6b-36c1-45fe-9409-909a51292a9c",
        "headers": {
            "api-key": "OPTIONAL API-KEY for CALLBACK EVENTS"
        }
    },
    "registration": {
        "clientName": "Verifiable Credential Expert Sample"
    },
    "type": "VerifiedCredentialExpert",
    "manifestUrl": "https://verifiedid.did.msidentity.com/v1.0/00001111-aaaa-2222-bbbb-3333cccc4444/verifiableCredentials/contracts/VerifiedCredentialExpert1",
    "pin": {
        "value": "3539",
        "length": 4
    },
    "claims": {
        "given_name": "Megan",
        "family_name": "Bowen"
    },
    "expirationDate": "2024-12-31T23:59:59.000Z"
}

如需完整的程式碼，請參閱下列其中一個程式碼範例：

展示要求承載

下列範例示範可驗認證展示要求。如需承載的相關資訊，請參閱要求服務 REST API 展示規格。

POST https://verifiedid.did.msidentity.com/v1.0/verifiableCredentials/createPresentationRequest
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer  <token>

{...JSON payload...}

具有特定類型和簽發者的認證展示要求：

{
  "authority": "did:web:verifiedid.contoso.com",
  "callback": {
    "url": "https://contoso.com/api/verifier/presentationCallback",
    "state": "92d076dd-450a-4247-aa5b-d2e75a1a5d58",
    "headers": {
      "api-key": "OPTIONAL API-KEY for CALLBACK EVENTS"
    }
  },
  "registration": {
    "clientName": "Veritable Credential Expert Verifier"
  },
  "includeReceipt": true,
  "requestedCredentials": [
    {
      "type": "VerifiedCredentialExpert",
      "purpose": "So we can see that you a veritable credentials expert",
      "acceptedIssuers": [
        "did:web:verifiedid.contoso.com"
      ],
      "configuration": {
        "validation": {
          "allowRevoked": true,
          "validateLinkedDomain": true
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

具有宣告條件約束 (部分機器翻譯) 的展示要求：

{
  "authority": "did:web:verifiedid.contoso.com",
  "includeReceipt": false,
  "registration": {
    "clientName": "Contoso Job Application Center",
    "purpose": "Provide proof of attended courses"
  },
  "callback": {
    "url": "https://contoso.com/api/verifier/presentationCallback",
    "state": "92d076dd-450a-4247-aa5b-d2e75a1a5d58",
    "headers": {
      "api-key": "OPTIONAL API-KEY for CALLBACK EVENTS"
    }
  },
  "requestedCredentials": [
    {
      "type": "FabrikamCourseCertification",
      "acceptedIssuers": [ "did:web:learn.fabrikam.com" ],
      "constraints": [ 
        {  
          "claimName": "courseCode",
          "values": ["FC100", "FC110", "FC150"], 
        }, 
        {  
          "claimName": "courseTitle",
          "contains": "network", 
        } 
      ],
      "configuration": {
        "validation": {
          "allowRevoked": false,
          "validateLinkedDomain": true
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

包含 FaceCheck 的展示要求。使用 FaceCheck 時，includeReceipt 必須為 false，因為該功能不支援收據。

{
  "authority": "did:web:verifiedid.contoso.com",
  "includeReceipt": false,
  "registration": {
    "clientName": "Contoso Job Application Center",
    "purpose": "Provide proof of attended courses"
  },
  "callback": {
    "url": "https://contoso.com/api/verifier/presentationCallback",
    "state": "92d076dd-450a-4247-aa5b-d2e75a1a5d58",
    "headers": {
      "api-key": "OPTIONAL API-KEY for CALLBACK EVENTS"
    }
  },
  "requestedCredentials": [
    {
      "type": "VerifiedEmployee",
      "acceptedIssuers": [ "did:web:learn.contoso.com" ],
      "configuration": {
        "validation": {
          "allowRevoked": false,
          "validateLinkedDomain": true,
          "faceCheck": {
            "sourcePhotoClaimName": "photo",
            "matchConfidenceThreshold": 70
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

如需完整的程式碼，請參閱下列其中一個程式碼範例：

回呼事件

要求承載包含發行和展示回呼端點。端點是您 Web 應用程式的一部分，而且應該可以透過 HTTPS 通訊協定公開使用。要求服務 API 會呼叫您的端點，以通知您的應用程式發生特定事件。例如，使用者掃描 QR 代碼、使用驗證器應用程式的深層連結，或完成展示流程時，可能會發生這類事件。

下圖描述您應用程式對要求服務 REST API 進行的呼叫，以及對您應用程式進行的回呼。

圖表：顯示 API 呼叫和回呼事件。

設定您的端點以接聽傳入的 HTTP POST 要求。下列程式碼片段示範如何處理發行回呼 HTTP 要求，以及如何相應地更新 UI：

不適用。選擇其中一種其他程式設計語言。

[HttpPost]
public async Task<ActionResult> IssuanceCallback()
{
try
{
    string content = new System.IO.StreamReader(this.Request.Body).ReadToEndAsync().Result;
    _log.LogTrace("callback!: " + content);
    JObject issuanceResponse = JObject.Parse(content);
    
    // More code here
    if (issuanceResponse["code"].ToString() == "request_retrieved")
    {
        var cacheData = new
        {
            status = "request_retrieved",
            message = "QR Code is scanned. Waiting for issuance...",
        };
        _cache.Set(state, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(cacheData));

        // More code here
    }
}

如需完整程式碼，請參閱 GitHub 存放庫上的發行和展示程式碼。

mainApp.app.post('/api/issuer/issuance-request-callback', parser, async (req, res) => {
  var body = '';
  req.on('data', function (data) {
    body += data;
  });
  req.on('end', function () {
    requestTrace( req );
    console.log( body );
    var issuanceResponse = JSON.parse(body.toString());
    var message = null;
    
    if ( issuanceResponse.code == "request_retrieved" ) {
      message = "QR Code is scanned. Waiting for issuance to complete...";
    }
    if ( issuanceResponse.code == "issuance_successful" ) {
      message = "Credential successfully issued";
    }
    if ( issuanceResponse.code == "issuance_error" ) {
      message = issuanceResponse.error.message;
    }
    
    // More code here
    res.send()
  });  
  res.send()
})

@app.route("/api/issuer/issuance-request-callback", methods = ['POST'])
def issuanceRequestApiCallback():
    if request.headers['api-key'] != apiKey:
        return Response( jsonify({'error':'api-key wrong or missing'}), status=401, mimetype='application/json')

    issuanceResponse = request.json
    if issuanceResponse["code"] == "request_retrieved":
        cacheData = {
            "status": issuanceResponse["code"],
            "message": "QR Code is scanned. Waiting for issuance to complete..."
        }
        cache.set( issuanceResponse["state"], json.dumps(cacheData) )
        return ""

    if issuanceResponse["code"] == "issuance_successful":
        cacheData = {
            "status": issuanceResponse["code"],
            "message": "Credential successfully issued"
        }
        cache.set( issuanceResponse["state"], json.dumps(cacheData) )
        return ""

    if issuanceResponse["code"] == "issuance_error":
        cacheData = {
            "status": issuanceResponse["code"],
            "message": issuanceResponse["error"]["message"]
        }
        cache.set( issuanceResponse["state"], json.dumps(cacheData) )
        return ""

    return ""

@RequestMapping(value = "/api/issuer/issue-request-callback", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = "application/json", consumes = "application/json")
    public ResponseEntity<String> issueRequestCallback( HttpServletRequest request
                                                      , @RequestHeader HttpHeaders headers
                                                      , @RequestBody String body ) {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        try {
            if ( !request.getHeader("api-key").equals(apiKey) ) {
                lgr.info( "api-key wrong or missing" );
                return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).body( "api-key wrong or missing" );
            }
            JsonNode presentationResponse = objectMapper.readTree( body );
            String code = presentationResponse.path("code").asText();
            ObjectNode data = null;
            if ( code.equals( "request_retrieved" )  ) {
                data = objectMapper.createObjectNode();
                data.put("message", "QR Code is scanned. Waiting for issuance to complete..." );
            }
            if ( code.equals("issuance_successful") ) {
                data = objectMapper.createObjectNode();
                data.put("message", "Credential successfully issued" );
            }
            if ( code.equals( "issuance_error" ) ) {
                data = objectMapper.createObjectNode();
                data.put("message", presentationResponse.path("error").path("message").asText() );
            }
            if ( data != null ) {
                data.put("status", code );
                cache.put( presentationResponse.path("state").asText(), objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(data) );
            }
        } catch (java.io.IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body( "Technical error" );
        }
        return ResponseEntity.ok().body( "{}" );
    }

如需完整程式碼，請參閱 GitHub 存放庫上的發行和展示程式碼。

下一步

深入了解這些規格：

共用方式為