如何:使用 SpinLock 進行低階同步處理
下列範例示範如何使用 SpinLock。 在此範例中,關鍵區段執行極少的工作,使其成為 SpinLock的良好選擇。 相較於標準鎖定,少量增加工作會增加 SpinLock 的效能。 不過,在某個點上,SpinLock 會比標準鎖更昂貴。 您可以使用程式代碼剖析工具中的並行分析功能,查看哪種類型的鎖定可在您的程式中提供更好的效能。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱 並行可視化檢視。
class SpinLockDemo2
{
const int N = 100000;
static Queue<Data> _queue = new Queue<Data>();
static object _lock = new Object();
static SpinLock _spinlock = new SpinLock();
class Data
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public double Number { get; set; }
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// First use a standard lock for comparison purposes.
UseLock();
_queue.Clear();
UseSpinLock();
Console.WriteLine("Press a key");
Console.ReadKey();
}
private static void UpdateWithSpinLock(Data d, int i)
{
bool lockTaken = false;
try
{
_spinlock.Enter(ref lockTaken);
_queue.Enqueue( d );
}
finally
{
if (lockTaken) _spinlock.Exit(false);
}
}
private static void UseSpinLock()
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
Parallel.Invoke(
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithSpinLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
},
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithSpinLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
}
);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"elapsed ms with spinlock: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}");
}
static void UpdateWithLock(Data d, int i)
{
lock (_lock)
{
_queue.Enqueue(d);
}
}
private static void UseLock()
{
Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
Parallel.Invoke(
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
},
() => {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
UpdateWithLock(new Data() { Name = i.ToString(), Number = i }, i);
}
}
);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"elapsed ms with lock: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds}");
}
}
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Class SpinLockDemo2
Const N As Integer = 100000
Shared _queue = New Queue(Of Data)()
Shared _lock = New Object()
Shared _spinlock = New SpinLock()
Class Data
Public Name As String
Public Number As Double
End Class
Shared Sub Main()
' First use a standard lock for comparison purposes.
UseLock()
_queue.Clear()
UseSpinLock()
Console.WriteLine("Press a key")
Console.ReadKey()
End Sub
Private Shared Sub UpdateWithSpinLock(ByVal d As Data, ByVal i As Integer)
Dim lockTaken As Boolean = False
Try
_spinlock.Enter(lockTaken)
_queue.Enqueue(d)
Finally
If lockTaken Then
_spinlock.Exit(False)
End If
End Try
End Sub
Private Shared Sub UseSpinLock()
Dim sw = Stopwatch.StartNew()
Parallel.Invoke(
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithSpinLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub,
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithSpinLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub
)
sw.Stop()
Console.WriteLine("elapsed ms with spinlock: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)
End Sub
Shared Sub UpdateWithLock(ByVal d As Data, ByVal i As Integer)
SyncLock (_lock)
_queue.Enqueue(d)
End SyncLock
End Sub
Private Shared Sub UseLock()
Dim sw = Stopwatch.StartNew()
Parallel.Invoke(
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub,
Sub()
For i As Integer = 0 To N - 1
UpdateWithLock(New Data() With {.Name = i.ToString(), .Number = i}, i)
Next
End Sub
)
sw.Stop()
Console.WriteLine("elapsed ms with lock: {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)
End Sub
End Class
當鎖定共用資源的時間不會很長時,SpinLock 可能會很有用。 在這種情況下,在多核心計算機上,封鎖線程可以有效率地旋轉幾個週期,直到鎖定釋放為止。 透過旋轉,線程不會遭到封鎖,這是需要大量CPU的進程。 SpinLock 會在某些情況下停止運行,以防止在具有超執行緒技術的系統上發生邏輯處理器耗盡或優先順序反轉。
這個範例會使用 System.Collections.Generic.Queue<T> 類別,這需要使用者同步處理多線程存取。 另一個選項是使用 System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue<T>,不需要任何用戶鎖定。
請注意,在呼叫 SpinLock.Exit中使用 false
。 這可提供最佳效能。 指定 IA64 架構上的 true
以使用記憶體柵欄,以排清寫入緩衝區,以確保鎖定現在可供其他線程輸入。