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逐步解說：在 Windows Forms 應用程式中使用資料流程

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本文示範如何建立資料流程區塊網路，以在Windows Forms應用程式中執行影像處理。

這個範例會從指定的資料夾載入映像檔案、建立複合映像，以及顯示結果。 這個範例會使用資料流程模型，透過網路路由映像。 在資料流程模型中，程式的獨立元件會透過傳送訊息，彼此進行通訊。 當元件收到訊息時，它會執行某些動作，然後將結果傳遞給另一個元件。 比較資料流程模型與控制流程模型，在其中應用程式會使用控制項結構，例如，條件陳述式、迴圈等等，來控制程式中作業的順序。

必要條件

在開始進行這個逐步解說之前，請先閱讀資料流程。

注意

TPL 資料流程程式庫 (System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow 命名空間) 並未隨 .NET 散發。 若要在 Visual Studio 中安裝 System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow 命名空間，請開啟您的專案，從 [專案] 功能表中選擇 [管理 NuGet 套件]，並於線上搜尋 System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow 套件。 除此之外也可使用 .Net Core CLI (執行 dotnet add package System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow) 加以安裝。

區段

本逐步解說包含下列各節：

建立 Windows Forms 應用程式

本節描述如何建立基本 Windows Forms 應用程式，並且將控制項新增至主要表單。

若要建立 Windows Forms 應用程式

  1. 在 Visual Studio 中，建立 Visual C# 或 Visual Basic Windows Forms 應用程式專案。 在本文件中，專案命名為 CompositeImages。

  2. 在主要表單 Form1.cs (在 Visual Basic 中為 Form1.vb) 的表單設計工具上，新增 ToolStrip 控制項。

  3. 將 ToolStripButton 控制項加入 ToolStrip 控制項。 將 DisplayStyle 屬性設為 Text，並將 Text 屬性設為 Choose Folder。

  4. 將第二個 ToolStripButton 控制項加入 ToolStrip 控制項。 將 DisplayStyle 屬性設為 Text，將 Text 屬性設為 Cancel，然後將 Enabled 屬性設為 False。

  5. 將 PictureBox 物件加入主要表單。 將 Dock 屬性設定為 Fill。

建立資料流程網路

本節描述如何建立會執行映像處理的資料流程網路。

若要建立資料流程網路

  1. 將 System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow.dll 參考新增至您的專案。

  2. 確定 Form1.cs (在 Visual Basic 中為 Form1.vb) 包含下列 using (在 Visual Basic 中為 Using) 陳述式：

    using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow;
using System.Windows.Forms;

  3. 將下列資料成員新增至 Form1 類別：

    // The head of the dataflow network.
ITargetBlock<string> headBlock = null;

// Enables the user interface to signal cancellation to the network.
CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource;

  4. 將下列 CreateImageProcessingNetwork 方法新增至 Form1 類別。 這個方法會建立映像處理網路。

    // Creates the image processing dataflow network and returns the
// head node of the network.
ITargetBlock<string> CreateImageProcessingNetwork()
{
   //
   // Create the dataflow blocks that form the network.
   //

   // Create a dataflow block that takes a folder path as input
   // and returns a collection of Bitmap objects.
   var loadBitmaps = new TransformBlock<string, IEnumerable<Bitmap>>(path =>
      {
         try
         {
            return LoadBitmaps(path);
         }
         catch (OperationCanceledException)
         {
            // Handle cancellation by passing the empty collection
            // to the next stage of the network.
            return Enumerable.Empty<Bitmap>();
         }
      });

   // Create a dataflow block that takes a collection of Bitmap objects
   // and returns a single composite bitmap.
   var createCompositeBitmap = new TransformBlock<IEnumerable<Bitmap>, Bitmap>(bitmaps =>
      {
         try
         {
            return CreateCompositeBitmap(bitmaps);
         }
         catch (OperationCanceledException)
         {
            // Handle cancellation by passing null to the next stage
            // of the network.
            return null;
         }
      });

   // Create a dataflow block that displays the provided bitmap on the form.
   var displayCompositeBitmap = new ActionBlock<Bitmap>(bitmap =>
      {
         // Display the bitmap.
         pictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
         pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;

         // Enable the user to select another folder.
         toolStripButton1.Enabled = true;
         toolStripButton2.Enabled = false;
         Cursor = DefaultCursor;
      },
      // Specify a task scheduler from the current synchronization context
      // so that the action runs on the UI thread.
      new ExecutionDataflowBlockOptions
      {
          TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()
      });

   // Create a dataflow block that responds to a cancellation request by
   // displaying an image to indicate that the operation is cancelled and
   // enables the user to select another folder.
   var operationCancelled = new ActionBlock<object>(delegate
      {
         // Display the error image to indicate that the operation
         // was cancelled.
         pictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.CenterImage;
         pictureBox1.Image = pictureBox1.ErrorImage;

         // Enable the user to select another folder.
         toolStripButton1.Enabled = true;
         toolStripButton2.Enabled = false;
         Cursor = DefaultCursor;
      },
      // Specify a task scheduler from the current synchronization context
      // so that the action runs on the UI thread.
      new ExecutionDataflowBlockOptions
      {
         TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()
      });

   //
   // Connect the network.
   //

   // Link loadBitmaps to createCompositeBitmap.
   // The provided predicate ensures that createCompositeBitmap accepts the
   // collection of bitmaps only if that collection has at least one member.
   loadBitmaps.LinkTo(createCompositeBitmap, bitmaps => bitmaps.Count() > 0);

   // Also link loadBitmaps to operationCancelled.
   // When createCompositeBitmap rejects the message, loadBitmaps
   // offers the message to operationCancelled.
   // operationCancelled accepts all messages because we do not provide a
   // predicate.
   loadBitmaps.LinkTo(operationCancelled);

   // Link createCompositeBitmap to displayCompositeBitmap.
   // The provided predicate ensures that displayCompositeBitmap accepts the
   // bitmap only if it is non-null.
   createCompositeBitmap.LinkTo(displayCompositeBitmap, bitmap => bitmap != null);

   // Also link createCompositeBitmap to operationCancelled.
   // When displayCompositeBitmap rejects the message, createCompositeBitmap
   // offers the message to operationCancelled.
   // operationCancelled accepts all messages because we do not provide a
   // predicate.
   createCompositeBitmap.LinkTo(operationCancelled);

   // Return the head of the network.
   return loadBitmaps;
}

  5. 實作 LoadBitmaps 方法。

    // Loads all bitmap files that exist at the provided path.
IEnumerable<Bitmap> LoadBitmaps(string path)
{
   List<Bitmap> bitmaps = new List<Bitmap>();

   // Load a variety of image types.
   foreach (string bitmapType in
      new string[] { "*.bmp", "*.gif", "*.jpg", "*.png", "*.tif" })
   {
      // Load each bitmap for the current extension.
      foreach (string fileName in Directory.GetFiles(path, bitmapType))
      {
         // Throw OperationCanceledException if cancellation is requested.
         cancellationTokenSource.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

         try
         {
            // Add the Bitmap object to the collection.
            bitmaps.Add(new Bitmap(fileName));
         }
         catch (Exception)
         {
            // TODO: A complete application might handle the error.
         }
      }
   }
   return bitmaps;
}

  6. 實作 CreateCompositeBitmap 方法。

    // Creates a composite bitmap from the provided collection of Bitmap objects.
// This method computes the average color of each pixel among all bitmaps
// to create the composite image.
Bitmap CreateCompositeBitmap(IEnumerable<Bitmap> bitmaps)
{
   Bitmap[] bitmapArray = bitmaps.ToArray();

   // Compute the maximum width and height components of all
   // bitmaps in the collection.
   Rectangle largest = new Rectangle();
   foreach (var bitmap in bitmapArray)
   {
      if (bitmap.Width > largest.Width)
         largest.Width = bitmap.Width;
      if (bitmap.Height > largest.Height)
         largest.Height = bitmap.Height;
   }

   // Create a 32-bit Bitmap object with the greatest dimensions.
   Bitmap result = new Bitmap(largest.Width, largest.Height,
      PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

   // Lock the result Bitmap.
   var resultBitmapData = result.LockBits(
      new Rectangle(new Point(), result.Size), ImageLockMode.WriteOnly,
      result.PixelFormat);

   // Lock each source bitmap to create a parallel list of BitmapData objects.
   var bitmapDataList = (from bitmap in bitmapArray
                         select bitmap.LockBits(
                           new Rectangle(new Point(), bitmap.Size),
                           ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
                        .ToList();

   // Compute each column in parallel.
   Parallel.For(0, largest.Width, new ParallelOptions
   {
      CancellationToken = cancellationTokenSource.Token
   },
   i =>
   {
      // Compute each row.
      for (int j = 0; j < largest.Height; j++)
      {
         // Counts the number of bitmaps whose dimensions
         // contain the current location.
         int count = 0;

         // The sum of all alpha, red, green, and blue components.
         int a = 0, r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;

         // For each bitmap, compute the sum of all color components.
         foreach (var bitmapData in bitmapDataList)
         {
            // Ensure that we stay within the bounds of the image.
            if (bitmapData.Width > i && bitmapData.Height > j)
            {
               unsafe
               {
                  byte* row = (byte*)(bitmapData.Scan0 + (j * bitmapData.Stride));
                  byte* pix = (byte*)(row + (4 * i));
                  a += *pix; pix++;
                  r += *pix; pix++;
                  g += *pix; pix++;
                  b += *pix;
               }
               count++;
            }
         }

         //prevent divide by zero in bottom right pixelless corner
         if (count == 0)
             break;

         unsafe
         {
            // Compute the average of each color component.
            a /= count;
            r /= count;
            g /= count;
            b /= count;

            // Set the result pixel.
            byte* row = (byte*)(resultBitmapData.Scan0 + (j * resultBitmapData.Stride));
            byte* pix = (byte*)(row + (4 * i));
            *pix = (byte)a; pix++;
            *pix = (byte)r; pix++;
            *pix = (byte)g; pix++;
            *pix = (byte)b;
         }
      }
   });

   // Unlock the source bitmaps.
   for (int i = 0; i < bitmapArray.Length; i++)
   {
      bitmapArray[i].UnlockBits(bitmapDataList[i]);
   }

   // Unlock the result bitmap.
   result.UnlockBits(resultBitmapData);

   // Return the result.
   return result;
}

    注意

    C# 版本的 CreateCompositeBitmap 方法會使用指標，以便有效處理 System.Drawing.Bitmap 物件。 因此，您必須在專案中啟用 [容許 Unsafe 程式碼] 選項，以便使用 unsafe 關鍵字。 如需如何在 Visual C# 專案中啟用不安全程式碼的詳細資訊，請參閱專案設計工具、建置頁 (C#)。

下表描述網路的成員。

member 類型 描述
loadBitmaps TransformBlock<TInput,TOutput> 採用資料夾路徑做為輸入，並且產生 Bitmap 物件的集合作為輸出。
createCompositeBitmap TransformBlock<TInput,TOutput> 採用 Bitmap 物件的集合做為輸入，並且產生複合點陣圖做為輸出。
displayCompositeBitmap ActionBlock<TInput> 在表單上顯示複合點陣圖。
operationCancelled ActionBlock<TInput> 顯示映像以表示作業已取消，讓使用者選取另一個資料夾。

為了連線資料流程區塊以形成網路，此範例會使用 LinkTo 方法。 LinkTo 方法包含採用 Predicate<T> 物件的多載版本，該物件會判斷目標區塊是否接受或拒絕訊息。 這個篩選機制可讓訊息區塊僅接收特定的值。 在此範例中，網路可以使用兩種方式之一進行分支。 主要分支會從磁碟載入映像、建立複合映像，以及在表單上顯示該映像。 替代分支會取消目前的作業。 Predicate<T> 物件會啟用主要分支上的資料流程區塊，以藉由拒絕特定訊息來切換至替代分支。 例如，如果使用者取消作業，資料流程區塊 createCompositeBitmap 會產生 null (在 Visual Basic 中為 Nothing) 作為其輸出。 資料流程區塊 displayCompositeBitmap 會拒絕 null 輸入值，因此，訊息會提供給 operationCancelled。 資料流程區塊 operationCancelled 接受所有訊息，因此，會顯示映像表示作業取消。

下圖顯示影像處理網路：

顯示影像處理網路的圖例。

由於 displayCompositeBitmap 和 operationCancelled資料流程區塊會在使用者介面上進行處理，因此這個動作一定要在使用者介面執行緒上發生。 為了要完成這項作業，這些物件在建構時會提供 ExecutionDataflowBlockOptions 物件，而且其 TaskScheduler 屬性會設定為 TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext。 TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext 方法會建立 TaskScheduler 物件，該物件會在目前的同步處理內容上執行工作。 因為 CreateImageProcessingNetwork 方法是從 [選擇資料夾] 按鈕的處理常式呼叫，它會在使用者介面執行緒上執行，displayCompositeBitmap 和 operationCancelled 資料流程區塊的動作也會在使用者介面執行緒上執行。

此範例使用共用取消權杖，而非設定 CancellationToken 屬性，因為 CancellationToken 屬性會永久取消資料流程區塊的執行。 取消語彙基元可讓此範例重複使用相同的資料流程網路多次，即使使用者取消一或多個作業。 如需使用 CancellationToken 以永久取消資料流程區塊執行的範例，請參閱如何：取消資料流程區塊。

連接資料流程網路與使用者介面

本節描述如何連接資料流程網路與使用者介面。 建立複合映像和取消作業是從 [選擇資料夾] 和 [取消] 按鈕起始。 當使用者選擇任一個按鈕時，會以非同步方式起始適當的動作。

若要連接資料流程網路與使用者介面

  1. 在主要表單的表單設計工具上，為 Choose Folder 按鈕的 Click 事件建立事件處理常式。

  2. 實作 Choose Folder 按鈕的 Click 事件。

    // Event handler for the Choose Folder button.
private void toolStripButton1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
   // Create a FolderBrowserDialog object to enable the user to
   // select a folder.
   FolderBrowserDialog dlg = new FolderBrowserDialog
   {
      ShowNewFolderButton = false
   };

   // Set the selected path to the common Sample Pictures folder
   // if it exists.
   string initialDirectory = Path.Combine(
      Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonPictures),
      "Sample Pictures");
   if (Directory.Exists(initialDirectory))
   {
      dlg.SelectedPath = initialDirectory;
   }

   // Show the dialog and process the dataflow network.
   if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
   {
      // Create a new CancellationTokenSource object to enable
      // cancellation.
      cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

      // Create the image processing network if needed.
      headBlock ??= CreateImageProcessingNetwork();

      // Post the selected path to the network.
      headBlock.Post(dlg.SelectedPath);

      // Enable the Cancel button and disable the Choose Folder button.
      toolStripButton1.Enabled = false;
      toolStripButton2.Enabled = true;

      // Show a wait cursor.
      Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
   }
}

  3. 在主要表單的表單設計工具上，為 Cancel 按鈕的 Click 事件建立事件處理常式。

  4. 實作 Cancel 按鈕的 Click 事件。

    // Event handler for the Cancel button.
private void toolStripButton2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
   // Signal the request for cancellation. The current component of
   // the dataflow network will respond to the cancellation request.
   cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
}

完整範例

下列範例將示範本逐步解說的完整程式碼。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Threading.Tasks.Dataflow;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace CompositeImages
{
   public partial class Form1 : Form
   {
      // The head of the dataflow network.
      ITargetBlock<string> headBlock = null;

      // Enables the user interface to signal cancellation to the network.
      CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource;

      public Form1()
      {
         InitializeComponent();
      }

      // Creates the image processing dataflow network and returns the
      // head node of the network.
      ITargetBlock<string> CreateImageProcessingNetwork()
      {
         //
         // Create the dataflow blocks that form the network.
         //

         // Create a dataflow block that takes a folder path as input
         // and returns a collection of Bitmap objects.
         var loadBitmaps = new TransformBlock<string, IEnumerable<Bitmap>>(path =>
            {
               try
               {
                  return LoadBitmaps(path);
               }
               catch (OperationCanceledException)
               {
                  // Handle cancellation by passing the empty collection
                  // to the next stage of the network.
                  return Enumerable.Empty<Bitmap>();
               }
            });

         // Create a dataflow block that takes a collection of Bitmap objects
         // and returns a single composite bitmap.
         var createCompositeBitmap = new TransformBlock<IEnumerable<Bitmap>, Bitmap>(bitmaps =>
            {
               try
               {
                  return CreateCompositeBitmap(bitmaps);
               }
               catch (OperationCanceledException)
               {
                  // Handle cancellation by passing null to the next stage
                  // of the network.
                  return null;
               }
            });

         // Create a dataflow block that displays the provided bitmap on the form.
         var displayCompositeBitmap = new ActionBlock<Bitmap>(bitmap =>
            {
               // Display the bitmap.
               pictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
               pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;

               // Enable the user to select another folder.
               toolStripButton1.Enabled = true;
               toolStripButton2.Enabled = false;
               Cursor = DefaultCursor;
            },
            // Specify a task scheduler from the current synchronization context
            // so that the action runs on the UI thread.
            new ExecutionDataflowBlockOptions
            {
                TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()
            });

         // Create a dataflow block that responds to a cancellation request by
         // displaying an image to indicate that the operation is cancelled and
         // enables the user to select another folder.
         var operationCancelled = new ActionBlock<object>(delegate
            {
               // Display the error image to indicate that the operation
               // was cancelled.
               pictureBox1.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.CenterImage;
               pictureBox1.Image = pictureBox1.ErrorImage;

               // Enable the user to select another folder.
               toolStripButton1.Enabled = true;
               toolStripButton2.Enabled = false;
               Cursor = DefaultCursor;
            },
            // Specify a task scheduler from the current synchronization context
            // so that the action runs on the UI thread.
            new ExecutionDataflowBlockOptions
            {
               TaskScheduler = TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()
            });

         //
         // Connect the network.
         //

         // Link loadBitmaps to createCompositeBitmap.
         // The provided predicate ensures that createCompositeBitmap accepts the
         // collection of bitmaps only if that collection has at least one member.
         loadBitmaps.LinkTo(createCompositeBitmap, bitmaps => bitmaps.Count() > 0);

         // Also link loadBitmaps to operationCancelled.
         // When createCompositeBitmap rejects the message, loadBitmaps
         // offers the message to operationCancelled.
         // operationCancelled accepts all messages because we do not provide a
         // predicate.
         loadBitmaps.LinkTo(operationCancelled);

         // Link createCompositeBitmap to displayCompositeBitmap.
         // The provided predicate ensures that displayCompositeBitmap accepts the
         // bitmap only if it is non-null.
         createCompositeBitmap.LinkTo(displayCompositeBitmap, bitmap => bitmap != null);

         // Also link createCompositeBitmap to operationCancelled.
         // When displayCompositeBitmap rejects the message, createCompositeBitmap
         // offers the message to operationCancelled.
         // operationCancelled accepts all messages because we do not provide a
         // predicate.
         createCompositeBitmap.LinkTo(operationCancelled);

         // Return the head of the network.
         return loadBitmaps;
      }

      // Loads all bitmap files that exist at the provided path.
      IEnumerable<Bitmap> LoadBitmaps(string path)
      {
         List<Bitmap> bitmaps = new List<Bitmap>();

         // Load a variety of image types.
         foreach (string bitmapType in
            new string[] { "*.bmp", "*.gif", "*.jpg", "*.png", "*.tif" })
         {
            // Load each bitmap for the current extension.
            foreach (string fileName in Directory.GetFiles(path, bitmapType))
            {
               // Throw OperationCanceledException if cancellation is requested.
               cancellationTokenSource.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();

               try
               {
                  // Add the Bitmap object to the collection.
                  bitmaps.Add(new Bitmap(fileName));
               }
               catch (Exception)
               {
                  // TODO: A complete application might handle the error.
               }
            }
         }
         return bitmaps;
      }

      // Creates a composite bitmap from the provided collection of Bitmap objects.
      // This method computes the average color of each pixel among all bitmaps
      // to create the composite image.
      Bitmap CreateCompositeBitmap(IEnumerable<Bitmap> bitmaps)
      {
         Bitmap[] bitmapArray = bitmaps.ToArray();

         // Compute the maximum width and height components of all
         // bitmaps in the collection.
         Rectangle largest = new Rectangle();
         foreach (var bitmap in bitmapArray)
         {
            if (bitmap.Width > largest.Width)
               largest.Width = bitmap.Width;
            if (bitmap.Height > largest.Height)
               largest.Height = bitmap.Height;
         }

         // Create a 32-bit Bitmap object with the greatest dimensions.
         Bitmap result = new Bitmap(largest.Width, largest.Height,
            PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

         // Lock the result Bitmap.
         var resultBitmapData = result.LockBits(
            new Rectangle(new Point(), result.Size), ImageLockMode.WriteOnly,
            result.PixelFormat);

         // Lock each source bitmap to create a parallel list of BitmapData objects.
         var bitmapDataList = (from bitmap in bitmapArray
                               select bitmap.LockBits(
                                 new Rectangle(new Point(), bitmap.Size),
                                 ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
                              .ToList();

         // Compute each column in parallel.
         Parallel.For(0, largest.Width, new ParallelOptions
         {
            CancellationToken = cancellationTokenSource.Token
         },
         i =>
         {
            // Compute each row.
            for (int j = 0; j < largest.Height; j++)
            {
               // Counts the number of bitmaps whose dimensions
               // contain the current location.
               int count = 0;

               // The sum of all alpha, red, green, and blue components.
               int a = 0, r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;

               // For each bitmap, compute the sum of all color components.
               foreach (var bitmapData in bitmapDataList)
               {
                  // Ensure that we stay within the bounds of the image.
                  if (bitmapData.Width > i && bitmapData.Height > j)
                  {
                     unsafe
                     {
                        byte* row = (byte*)(bitmapData.Scan0 + (j * bitmapData.Stride));
                        byte* pix = (byte*)(row + (4 * i));
                        a += *pix; pix++;
                        r += *pix; pix++;
                        g += *pix; pix++;
                        b += *pix;
                     }
                     count++;
                  }
               }

               //prevent divide by zero in bottom right pixelless corner
               if (count == 0)
                   break;

               unsafe
               {
                  // Compute the average of each color component.
                  a /= count;
                  r /= count;
                  g /= count;
                  b /= count;

                  // Set the result pixel.
                  byte* row = (byte*)(resultBitmapData.Scan0 + (j * resultBitmapData.Stride));
                  byte* pix = (byte*)(row + (4 * i));
                  *pix = (byte)a; pix++;
                  *pix = (byte)r; pix++;
                  *pix = (byte)g; pix++;
                  *pix = (byte)b;
               }
            }
         });

         // Unlock the source bitmaps.
         for (int i = 0; i < bitmapArray.Length; i++)
         {
            bitmapArray[i].UnlockBits(bitmapDataList[i]);
         }

         // Unlock the result bitmap.
         result.UnlockBits(resultBitmapData);

         // Return the result.
         return result;
      }

      // Event handler for the Choose Folder button.
      private void toolStripButton1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
      {
         // Create a FolderBrowserDialog object to enable the user to
         // select a folder.
         FolderBrowserDialog dlg = new FolderBrowserDialog
         {
            ShowNewFolderButton = false
         };

         // Set the selected path to the common Sample Pictures folder
         // if it exists.
         string initialDirectory = Path.Combine(
            Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonPictures),
            "Sample Pictures");
         if (Directory.Exists(initialDirectory))
         {
            dlg.SelectedPath = initialDirectory;
         }

         // Show the dialog and process the dataflow network.
         if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
         {
            // Create a new CancellationTokenSource object to enable
            // cancellation.
            cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

            // Create the image processing network if needed.
            headBlock ??= CreateImageProcessingNetwork();

            // Post the selected path to the network.
            headBlock.Post(dlg.SelectedPath);

            // Enable the Cancel button and disable the Choose Folder button.
            toolStripButton1.Enabled = false;
            toolStripButton2.Enabled = true;

            // Show a wait cursor.
            Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor;
         }
      }

      // Event handler for the Cancel button.
      private void toolStripButton2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
      {
         // Signal the request for cancellation. The current component of
         // the dataflow network will respond to the cancellation request.
         cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
      }

      ~Form1()
      {
         cancellationTokenSource.Dispose();
      }
   }
}

下圖顯示通用 \Sample Pictures\ 資料夾的一般輸出。

Windows Forms 應用程式

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