查詢運算式語法範例：聯結運算子
在以彼此沒有可瀏覽關聯性之資料來源 (例如關聯式資料庫資料表) 為目標的查詢中，聯結 (Join) 是一項重要的作業。 兩個資料來源的聯結是指某個資料來源中的物件與另一個資料來源中共用相同屬性之物件的關聯。 如需詳細資訊，請參閱標準查詢運算子概觀。
本主題中的範例示範如何使用 GroupJoin 和 Join 方法，搭配查詢運算式語法來查詢 AdventureWorks Sales 模型。 這些範例中使用的 AdventureWorks Sales Model 是從 AdventureWorks 範例資料庫中的 Contact、Address、Product、SalesOrderHeader 和 SalesOrderDetail 資料表所建立。
此主題中的範例使用下列 using/Imports 陳述式：
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Data.Objects;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Data.EntityClient;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.Common;
Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System.Data.Objects
Imports System.Globalization
GroupJoin
範例
下列範例會在 SalesOrderHeader 和 SalesOrderDetail 資料表上執行 GroupJoin 來尋找每一客戶的定單數目。 群組聯結是左外部聯結的對等項目，它會傳回第一個 (左) 資料來源的每個項目，即使其他資料來源中沒有相互關聯的項目也一樣。
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
ObjectSet<SalesOrderHeader> orders = context.SalesOrderHeaders;
ObjectSet<SalesOrderDetail> details = context.SalesOrderDetails;
var query =
from order in orders
join detail in details
on order.SalesOrderID
equals detail.SalesOrderID into orderGroup
select new
{
CustomerID = order.SalesOrderID,
OrderCount = orderGroup.Count()
};
foreach (var order in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("CustomerID: {0} Orders Count: {1}",
order.CustomerID,
order.OrderCount);
}
}
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim orders As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderHeader) = context.SalesOrderHeaders
Dim details As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderDetail) = context.SalesOrderDetails
Dim query = _
From order In orders _
Group Join detail In details _
On order.SalesOrderID _
Equals detail.SalesOrderID Into orderGroup = Group _
Select New With _
{ _
.CustomerID = order.SalesOrderID, _
.OrderCount = orderGroup.Count() _
}
For Each order In query
Console.WriteLine("CustomerID: {0} Orders Count: {1}", _
order.CustomerID, order.OrderCount)
Next
End Using
範例
下列範例會在 Contact 和 SalesOrderHeader 資料表上執行 GroupJoin 來尋找每一連絡人的定單數目。 然後顯示每一連絡人的訂單數目和 ID。
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
ObjectSet<Contact> contacts = context.Contacts;
ObjectSet<SalesOrderHeader> orders = context.SalesOrderHeaders;
var query =
from contact in contacts
join order in orders
on contact.ContactID
equals order.Contact.ContactID into contactGroup
select new
{
ContactID = contact.ContactID,
OrderCount = contactGroup.Count(),
Orders = contactGroup
};
foreach (var group in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("ContactID: {0}", group.ContactID);
Console.WriteLine("Order count: {0}", group.OrderCount);
foreach (var orderInfo in group.Orders)
{
Console.WriteLine(" Sale ID: {0}", orderInfo.SalesOrderID);
}
Console.WriteLine("");
}
}
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim contacts As ObjectSet(Of Contact) = context.Contacts
Dim orders As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderHeader) = context.SalesOrderHeaders
Dim query = _
From contact In contacts _
Group Join order In orders _
On contact.ContactID _
Equals order.Contact.ContactID Into contactGroup = Group _
Select New With { _
.ContactID = contact.ContactID, _
.OrderCount = contactGroup.Count(), _
.Orders = contactGroup.Select(Function(order) order)}
For Each group In query
Console.WriteLine("ContactID: {0}", group.ContactID)
Console.WriteLine("Order count: {0}", group.OrderCount)
For Each orderInfo In group.Orders
Console.WriteLine(" Sale ID: {0}", orderInfo.SalesOrderID)
Next
Console.WriteLine("")
Next
End Using
聯結
範例
下列範例會針對 SalesOrderHeader 和 SalesOrderDetail 資料表執行聯結，以便取得八月的線上訂單資訊。
using (AdventureWorksEntities context = new AdventureWorksEntities())
{
ObjectSet<SalesOrderHeader> orders = context.SalesOrderHeaders;
ObjectSet<SalesOrderDetail> details = context.SalesOrderDetails;
var query =
from order in orders
join detail in details
on order.SalesOrderID equals detail.SalesOrderID
where order.OnlineOrderFlag == true
&& order.OrderDate.Month == 8
select new
{
SalesOrderID = order.SalesOrderID,
SalesOrderDetailID = detail.SalesOrderDetailID,
OrderDate = order.OrderDate,
ProductID = detail.ProductID
};
foreach (var order in query)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2:d}\t{3}",
order.SalesOrderID,
order.SalesOrderDetailID,
order.OrderDate,
order.ProductID);
}
}
Using context As New AdventureWorksEntities
Dim orders As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderHeader) = context.SalesOrderHeaders
Dim details As ObjectSet(Of SalesOrderDetail) = context.SalesOrderDetails
Dim query = _
From ord In orders _
Join det In details _
On ord.SalesOrderID Equals det.SalesOrderID _
Where ord.OnlineOrderFlag = True _
And ord.OrderDate.Month = 8 _
Select New With _
{ _
.SalesOrderID = ord.SalesOrderID, _
.SalesOrderDetailID = det.SalesOrderDetailID, _
.OrderDate = ord.OrderDate, _
.ProductID = det.ProductID _
}
For Each ord In query
Console.WriteLine("{0}" & vbTab & "{1}" & vbTab & "{2:d}" & vbTab & "{3}", _
ord.SalesOrderID, _
ord.SalesOrderDetailID, _
ord.OrderDate, _
ord.ProductID)
Next
End Using