如何:診斷問題列印工作
網路系統管理經常處理使用者對於列印工作的相關抱怨 (不會列印或列印緩慢)。 在 Microsoft .NET Framework 的 API 中公開的一組豐富列印工作屬性,提供一種方法來執行列印工作的快速遠端診斷。
範例
建立這類公用程式的主要步驟如下所示。
找出使用者所抱怨的列印工作。 使用者通常無法準確地找出來。 他們可能不知道印表機的列印伺服器名稱。 他們可能會用不同於設定其 Location 屬性時所用的術語來描述印表機的位置。 因此,最好能產生使用者目前已提交的工作清單。 如果有多項工作,使用者與列印系統管理員之間的通訊則可用來指出有問題的工作。 子步驟如下所示。
取得所有列印伺服器的清單。
對伺服器執行迴圈,以查詢其列印佇列。
在伺服器迴圈的每次操作中,對所有伺服器的佇列執行迴圈以查詢其工作。
在佇列迴圈的每次操作中,對其工作執行迴圈並蒐集有關抱怨使用者所提出工作的識別資訊。
找出有問題的列印工作後,檢查相關屬性以了解問題所在。 例如,工作處於錯誤狀態,或者是為佇列提供服務的印表機在可列印工作之前離線?
下列程式碼是一系列的程式碼範例。 第一個程式碼範例包含列印佇列的迴圈執行。 (上面步驟 1c。)變數 myPrintQueues
是目前列印伺服器的 PrintQueueCollection 物件。
程式碼範例會從使用 PrintQueue.Refresh 重新整理目前的列印佇列物件開始。 這可確保物件的屬性精確地呈現它所代表之實體印表機的狀態。 然後應用程式會使用 GetPrintJobInfoCollection,取得目前在列印佇列中的列印工作集合。
接下來,應用程式會迴圈 PrintSystemJobInfo 集合,並將每個 Submitter 屬性與抱怨使用者的別名進行比較。 如果兩者相符,應用程式會將有關工作的識別資訊新增至將要呈現的字串。 (userName
和 jobList
變數稍早已在應用程式中初始化。)
for each (PrintQueue^ pq in myPrintQueues)
{
pq->Refresh();
PrintJobInfoCollection^ jobs = pq->GetPrintJobInfoCollection();
for each (PrintSystemJobInfo^ job in jobs)
{
// Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
// present information about each job the user has submitted.
if (job->Submitter == userName)
{
atLeastOne = true;
jobList = jobList + "\nServer:" + line;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tQueue:" + pq->Name;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tLocation:" + pq->Location;
jobList = jobList + "\n\t\tJob: " + job->JobName + " ID: " + job->JobIdentifier;
}
}
}
foreach (PrintQueue pq in myPrintQueues)
{
pq.Refresh();
PrintJobInfoCollection jobs = pq.GetPrintJobInfoCollection();
foreach (PrintSystemJobInfo job in jobs)
{
// Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
// present information about each job the user has submitted.
if (job.Submitter == userName)
{
atLeastOne = true;
jobList = jobList + "\nServer:" + line;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tQueue:" + pq.Name;
jobList = jobList + "\n\tLocation:" + pq.Location;
jobList = jobList + "\n\t\tJob: " + job.JobName + " ID: " + job.JobIdentifier;
}
}// end for each print job
}// end for each print queue
For Each pq As PrintQueue In myPrintQueues
pq.Refresh()
Dim jobs As PrintJobInfoCollection = pq.GetPrintJobInfoCollection()
For Each job As PrintSystemJobInfo In jobs
' Since the user may not be able to articulate which job is problematic,
' present information about each job the user has submitted.
If job.Submitter = userName Then
atLeastOne = True
jobList = jobList & vbLf & "Server:" & line
jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & "Queue:" & pq.Name
jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & "Location:" & pq.Location
jobList = jobList & vbLf & vbTab & vbTab & "Job: " & job.JobName & " ID: " & job.JobIdentifier
End If
Next job ' end for each print job
Next pq ' end for each print queue
下一個程式碼範例會在步驟 2 中挑選應用程式。 (請參閱上面的資訊。)已找出有問題的工作,而且應用程式提示輸入將用來識別該工作的資訊。 它會從此資訊中建立 PrintServer、PrintQueue 和 PrintSystemJobInfo 物件。
此時應用程式包含一個分支結構,其對應於檢查列印工作狀態的兩種方法︰
您可以讀取類型為 PrintJobStatus 之 JobStatus 屬性的旗標。
此範例會示範這兩種方法,所以先前已提示使用者選擇要使用的方法,而且如果他們想要使用 JobStatus 屬性的旗標則會回應「Y」。 請參閱以下兩種方法的詳細資訊。 最後,應用程式會使用稱為 ReportQueueAndJobAvailability 的方法來報告是否可以在每天此時列印此工作。 得知列印工作是否可在此時列印會討論此方法。
// When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console::Write("\nEnter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\\\): " + "\n(press Return for the current computer \\\\{0}): ", Environment::MachineName);
String^ pServer = Console::ReadLine();
if (pServer == "")
{
pServer = "\\\\" + Environment::MachineName;
}
Console::Write("\nEnter the print queue hosting the job: ");
String^ pQueue = Console::ReadLine();
Console::Write("\nEnter the job ID: ");
Int16 jobID = Convert::ToInt16(Console::ReadLine());
// Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
PrintServer^ hostingServer = gcnew PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministrateServer);
PrintQueue^ hostingQueue = gcnew PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess::AdministratePrinter);
PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob = hostingQueue->GetJob(jobID);
if (useAttributesResponse == "Y")
{
TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob);
// TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
} else
{
TroubleSpotter::SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob);
}
TroubleSpotter::ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob);
// When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console.Write("\nEnter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\\\): " +
"\n(press Return for the current computer \\\\{0}): ", Environment.MachineName);
String pServer = Console.ReadLine();
if (pServer == "")
{
pServer = "\\\\" +Environment.MachineName;
}
Console.Write("\nEnter the print queue hosting the job: ");
String pQueue = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("\nEnter the job ID: ");
Int16 jobID = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine());
// Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
PrintServer hostingServer = new PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer);
PrintQueue hostingQueue = new PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministratePrinter);
PrintSystemJobInfo theJob = hostingQueue.GetJob(jobID);
if (useAttributesResponse == "Y")
{
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob);
// TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
}
else
{
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob);
}
TroubleSpotter.ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob);
' When the problematic print job has been identified, enter information about it.
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the print server hosting the job (including leading slashes \\): " & vbLf & "(press Return for the current computer \\{0}): ", Environment.MachineName)
Dim pServer As String = Console.ReadLine()
If pServer = "" Then
pServer = "\\" & Environment.MachineName
End If
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the print queue hosting the job: ")
Dim pQueue As String = Console.ReadLine()
Console.Write(vbLf & "Enter the job ID: ")
Dim jobID As Int16 = Convert.ToInt16(Console.ReadLine())
' Create objects to represent the server, queue, and print job.
Dim hostingServer As New PrintServer(pServer, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministrateServer)
Dim hostingQueue As New PrintQueue(hostingServer, pQueue, PrintSystemDesiredAccess.AdministratePrinter)
Dim theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo = hostingQueue.GetJob(jobID)
If useAttributesResponse = "Y" Then
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(theJob)
' TroubleSpotter class is defined in the complete example.
Else
TroubleSpotter.SpotTroubleUsingProperties(theJob)
End If
TroubleSpotter.ReportQueueAndJobAvailability(theJob)
若要使用 JobStatus 屬性的旗標來檢查列印工作狀態,您可檢查每個相關旗標是否已設定。 若要查看是否已在一組位元旗標中設定一個位元,標準方法就是以這組旗標做為一個運算元,而旗標本身做為另一個運算元來執行邏輯 AND 運算。 因為旗標本身只會設定一個位元,所以邏輯 AND 的結果是最多設定相同的位元。 若要查明是否如此,只要比較邏輯 AND 的結果與旗標本身。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱 PrintJobStatus,Operator (C# 參考) 和 FlagsAttribute。
對於已設定位元的每個屬性,程式碼會將此回報至主控台畫面,而且有時會建議回應方式。 (下面會討論工作或佇列暫停時所呼叫的 HandlePausedJob 方法。)
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
static void SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob)
{
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Blocked) == PrintJobStatus::Blocked)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Completed) == PrintJobStatus::Completed)
||
((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Printed) == PrintJobStatus::Printed))
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Deleted) == PrintJobStatus::Deleted)
||
((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Deleting) == PrintJobStatus::Deleting))
{
Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Error) == PrintJobStatus::Error)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Offline) == PrintJobStatus::Offline)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::PaperOut) == PrintJobStatus::PaperOut)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Paused) == PrintJobStatus::Paused)
||
((theJob->HostingPrintQueue->QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus::Paused) == PrintQueueStatus::Paused))
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Printing) == PrintJobStatus::Printing)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::Spooling) == PrintJobStatus::Spooling)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if ((theJob->JobStatus & PrintJobStatus::UserIntervention) == PrintJobStatus::UserIntervention)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
};
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Blocked) == PrintJobStatus.Blocked)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Completed) == PrintJobStatus.Completed)
||
((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Printed) == PrintJobStatus.Printed))
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Deleted) == PrintJobStatus.Deleted)
||
((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Deleting) == PrintJobStatus.Deleting))
{
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Error) == PrintJobStatus.Error)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Offline) == PrintJobStatus.Offline)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.PaperOut) == PrintJobStatus.PaperOut)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Paused) == PrintJobStatus.Paused)
||
((theJob.HostingPrintQueue.QueueStatus & PrintQueueStatus.Paused) == PrintQueueStatus.Paused))
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Printing) == PrintJobStatus.Printing)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.Spooling) == PrintJobStatus.Spooling)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if ((theJob.JobStatus & PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention) == PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
}//end SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes
' Check for possible trouble states of a print job using the flags of the JobStatus property
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingJobAttributes(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Blocked) = PrintJobStatus.Blocked Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.")
End If
If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Completed) = PrintJobStatus.Completed) OrElse ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Printed) = PrintJobStatus.Printed) Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.")
End If
If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Deleted) = PrintJobStatus.Deleted) OrElse ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Deleting) = PrintJobStatus.Deleting) Then
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Error) = PrintJobStatus.Error Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Offline) = PrintJobStatus.Offline Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.PaperOut) = PrintJobStatus.PaperOut Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.")
End If
If ((theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Paused) = PrintJobStatus.Paused) OrElse ((theJob.HostingPrintQueue.QueueStatus And PrintQueueStatus.Paused) = PrintQueueStatus.Paused) Then
HandlePausedJob(theJob)
'HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Printing) = PrintJobStatus.Printing Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.Spooling) = PrintJobStatus.Spooling Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.")
End If
If (theJob.JobStatus And PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention) = PrintJobStatus.UserIntervention Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.")
End If
End Sub
若要使用不同的屬性來檢查列印工作狀態,您只要讀取每個屬性,如果屬性為 true
,則會回報至主控台畫面並可能建議回應方式。 (下面會討論工作或佇列暫停時所呼叫的 HandlePausedJob 方法。)
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob)
{
if (theJob->IsBlocked)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (theJob->IsCompleted || theJob->IsPrinted)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (theJob->IsDeleted || theJob->IsDeleting)
{
Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if (theJob->IsInError)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if (theJob->IsOffline)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if (theJob->IsPaperOut)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (theJob->IsPaused || theJob->HostingPrintQueue->IsPaused)
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if (theJob->IsPrinting)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if (theJob->IsSpooling)
{
Console::WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if (theJob->IsUserInterventionRequired)
{
Console::WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
};
// Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
internal static void SpotTroubleUsingProperties(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
if (theJob.IsBlocked)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.");
}
if (theJob.IsCompleted || theJob.IsPrinted)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.");
}
if (theJob.IsDeleted || theJob.IsDeleting)
{
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.");
}
if (theJob.IsInError)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.");
}
if (theJob.IsOffline)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.");
}
if (theJob.IsPaperOut)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.");
}
if (theJob.IsPaused || theJob.HostingPrintQueue.IsPaused)
{
HandlePausedJob(theJob);
//HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
}
if (theJob.IsPrinting)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.");
}
if (theJob.IsSpooling)
{
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.");
}
if (theJob.IsUserInterventionRequired)
{
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.");
}
}//end SpotTroubleUsingProperties
' Check for possible trouble states of a print job using its properties
Friend Shared Sub SpotTroubleUsingProperties(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
If theJob.IsBlocked Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is blocked.")
End If
If theJob.IsCompleted OrElse theJob.IsPrinted Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has finished. Have user recheck all output bins and be sure the correct printer is being checked.")
End If
If theJob.IsDeleted OrElse theJob.IsDeleting Then
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administration rights to the queue has deleted the job. It must be resubmitted.")
End If
If theJob.IsInError Then
Console.WriteLine("The job has errored.")
End If
If theJob.IsOffline Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is offline. Have user put it online with printer front panel.")
End If
If theJob.IsPaperOut Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer is out of paper of the size required by the job. Have user add paper.")
End If
If theJob.IsPaused OrElse theJob.HostingPrintQueue.IsPaused Then
HandlePausedJob(theJob)
'HandlePausedJob is defined in the complete example.
End If
If theJob.IsPrinting Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is printing now.")
End If
If theJob.IsSpooling Then
Console.WriteLine("The job is spooling now.")
End If
If theJob.IsUserInterventionRequired Then
Console.WriteLine("The printer needs human intervention.")
End If
End Sub
HandlePausedJob 方法可讓應用程式的使用者從遠端繼續進行已暫停的工作。 因為列印佇列暫停可能有充分的理由,所以此方法一開始會提示使用者決定是否要繼續進行。 如果答案為「Y」,則會呼叫 PrintQueue.Resume 方法。
接著會提示使用者決定工作本身是否應該繼續進行,以防萬一其獨立暫停 (與列印佇列無關)。 (比較 PrintQueue.IsPaused 和 PrintSystemJobInfo.IsPaused。)如果答案為「Y」,則會呼叫 PrintSystemJobInfo.Resume;否則會呼叫 Cancel。
static void HandlePausedJob (PrintSystemJobInfo^ theJob)
{
// If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
// give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
Console::WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" + "\nhas paused the job or queue." + "\nResume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" + "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume, otherwise press return: ");
String^ resume = Console::ReadLine();
if (resume == "Y")
{
theJob->HostingPrintQueue->Resume();
// It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
Console::WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" + "\nEnter \"Y\" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ");
String^ userDecision = Console::ReadLine();
if (userDecision == "Y")
{
theJob->Resume();
} else
{
theJob->Cancel();
}
}
};
internal static void HandlePausedJob(PrintSystemJobInfo theJob)
{
// If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
// give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" +
"\nhas paused the job or queue." +
"\nResume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" +
"\nEnter \"Y\" to resume, otherwise press return: ");
String resume = Console.ReadLine();
if (resume == "Y")
{
theJob.HostingPrintQueue.Resume();
// It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
Console.WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" +
"\nEnter \"Y\" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ");
String userDecision = Console.ReadLine();
if (userDecision == "Y")
{
theJob.Resume();
}
else
{
theJob.Cancel();
}
}//end if the queue should be resumed
}//end HandlePausedJob
Friend Shared Sub HandlePausedJob(ByVal theJob As PrintSystemJobInfo)
' If there's no good reason for the queue to be paused, resume it and
' give user choice to resume or cancel the job.
Console.WriteLine("The user or someone with administrative rights to the queue" & vbLf & "has paused the job or queue." & vbLf & "Resume the queue? (Has no effect if queue is not paused.)" & vbLf & "Enter ""Y"" to resume, otherwise press return: ")
Dim [resume] As String = Console.ReadLine()
If [resume] = "Y" Then
theJob.HostingPrintQueue.Resume()
' It is possible the job is also paused. Find out how the user wants to handle that.
Console.WriteLine("Does user want to resume print job or cancel it?" & vbLf & "Enter ""Y"" to resume (any other key cancels the print job): ")
Dim userDecision As String = Console.ReadLine()
If userDecision = "Y" Then
theJob.Resume()
Else
theJob.Cancel()
End If
End If 'end if the queue should be resumed
End Sub