共用方式為


<valarray> 函式

abs

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的絕對值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> abs(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的絕對值相等。

範例

// valarray_abs.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   int i;

   valarray<int> va1 ( 9 ), va2 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  -i;
   for ( i = 4 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  i;

   cout << "The initial valarray is: ";
      for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
         cout << va1 [ i ] << " ";
   cout << "." << endl;

   va2 = abs ( va1 );
   cout << "The absolute value of the initial valarray is: ";
      for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
         cout << va2 [ i ] << " ";
   cout << "." << endl;
}
The initial valarray is: 0 -1 -2 -3 4 5 6 7 8 .
The absolute value of the initial valarray is: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .

acos

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的反餘弦值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> acos(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的反餘弦值相等。

備註

傳回的項目單位是以弧度為單位。

傳回值是介於 0 和 +pi 之間的主值,與餘弦值輸入一致。

範例

// valarray_acos.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  0.25 * i - 1;
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << " " << va1 [ i ];
   cout << endl;

   va2 = acos ( va1 );
   cout << "The arccosine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw(10) << va2 [ i ]
         << "  radians, which is  "
         << setw(11) << (180/pi) * va2 [ i ]
         << "  degrees" << endl;
}
The initial valarray is: -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
The arccosine of the initial valarray is:
   3.14159  radians, which is          180  degrees
   2.41886  radians, which is       138.59  degrees
    2.0944  radians, which is          120  degrees
   1.82348  radians, which is      104.478  degrees
    1.5708  radians, which is           90  degrees
   1.31812  radians, which is      75.5225  degrees
    1.0472  radians, which is           60  degrees
  0.722734  radians, which is      41.4096  degrees
         0  radians, which is            0  degrees

asin

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的反正弦值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> asin(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的反正弦值相等。

備註

傳回的項目單位是以弧度為單位。

傳回值是 +pi/2 和 -pi/2 之間的主體值,與正弦值輸入一致。

範例

// valarray_asin.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  0.25 * i - 1;
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << " " << va1 [ i ];
   cout << endl;

   va2 = asin ( va1 );
   cout << "The arcsine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw(10) << va2 [ i ]
           << "  radians, which is  "
           << setw(11) << (180/pi) * va2 [ i ]
           << "  degrees" << endl;
}
The initial valarray is: -1 -0.75 -0.5 -0.25 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
The arcsine of the initial valarray is:
   -1.5708  radians, which is          -90  degrees
 -0.848062  radians, which is     -48.5904  degrees
 -0.523599  radians, which is          -30  degrees
  -0.25268  radians, which is     -14.4775  degrees
         0  radians, which is            0  degrees
   0.25268  radians, which is      14.4775  degrees
  0.523599  radians, which is           30  degrees
  0.848062  radians, which is      48.5904  degrees
    1.5708  radians, which is           90  degrees

atan

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的反正切主值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> atan(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的反正切值相等。

備註

傳回的項目單位是以弧度為單位。

傳回值是 +pi/2 和 -pi/2 之間的主體值,與正切值輸入一致。

範例

// valarray_atan.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   va1 [ 0 ] = -100;
   for ( i = 1 ; i < 8 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  5 * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   va1 [ 8 ] = 100;
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is: ";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va1 [ i ] << " ";
   cout << "." << endl;

   va2 = atan ( va1 );
   cout << "The arcsine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw(10) << va2 [ i ]
           << "  radians, which is  "
           << setw(11) << (180/pi) * va2 [ i ]
           << "  degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;
}
The initial valarray is: -100 -3.75 -2.5 -1.25 0 1.25 2.5 3.75 100 .
The arcsine of the initial valarray is:
   -1.5608  radians, which is     -89.4271  degrees
  -1.31019  radians, which is     -75.0686  degrees
  -1.19029  radians, which is     -68.1986  degrees
 -0.896055  radians, which is     -51.3402  degrees
         0  radians, which is            0  degrees
  0.896055  radians, which is      51.3402  degrees
   1.19029  radians, which is      68.1986  degrees
   1.31019  radians, which is      75.0686  degrees
    1.5608  radians, which is      89.4271  degrees

atan2

傳回 valarray,而常數及 valarray 項目組合指定之笛卡兒座標分量的反正切值會與其中的項目相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> atan2(const valarray<Type>& left, const valarray<Type>& right);

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> atan2(const valarray<Type> left, const Type& right);

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> atan2(const Type& left, const valarray<Type>& right);

參數

left
常數數值資料型別,或其項目提供反正切值引數 y 座標值的輸入 valarray。

right
常數數值資料型別,或其項目提供反正切值引數 x 座標值的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其項目 I 等同於以下的反正切值:

  • 針對第一個樣板函式,left [ I ] / _Right [ I ]。

  • 針對第二個樣板函式,left [ I ] / right

  • 針對第三個樣板函式,left / right [ I ]。

備註

傳回的項目單位是以弧度為單位。

此函式會保留標準正切函數遺失之自變數中元件符號的相關信息,而象限的這個知識可讓傳回值在 +pi 和 -pi 之間指派唯一的角度。

如果左右的元素數目不同,則結果為未定義。

範例

// valarray_atan2.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1y ( 1 , 4 ), va1x ( 1 , 4 );
   va1x [ 1 ] = -1;
   va1x [ 2 ] = -1;
   va1y [ 2 ] = -1;
   va1y [ 3 ] = -1;
   valarray<double> va2 ( 4 );

   cout << "The initial valarray for the x coordinate is: ( ";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
      cout << va1x [ i ] << " ";
   cout << ")." << endl;

   cout << "The initial valarray for the y coordinate is: ( ";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
      cout << va1y [ i ] << " ";
   cout << ")." << endl;

   va2 = atan2 ( va1y , va1x );
   cout << "The atan2 ( y / x ) of the initial valarrays is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
      cout << setw( 10 ) << va2 [ i ]
           << "  radians, which is  "
           << setw( 11 ) << ( 180/pi ) * va2 [ i ]
           << "degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;
}
The initial valarray for the x coordinate is: ( 1 -1 -1 1 ).
The initial valarray for the y coordinate is: ( 1 1 -1 -1 ).
The atan2 ( y / x ) of the initial valarrays is:
  0.785398  radians, which is           45degrees
   2.35619  radians, which is          135degrees
  -2.35619  radians, which is         -135degrees
 -0.785398  radians, which is          -45degrees

begin

template <class T> unspecified 1 begin(valarray<T>& v);
template <class T> unspecified 2 begin(const valarray<T>& v);

cos

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的餘弦值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> cos(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的絕對值相等。

範例

// valarray_cos.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  ( pi ) * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw( 10 ) << va1 [ i ]
      << "  radians, which is  "
      << setw( 5 ) << ( 180/pi ) * va1 [ i ]
      << "  degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;

   va2 = cos ( va1 );
   cout << "The cosine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray is:
  -3.14159  radians, which is   -180  degrees
  -2.35619  radians, which is   -135  degrees
   -1.5708  radians, which is    -90  degrees
 -0.785398  radians, which is    -45  degrees
         0  radians, which is      0  degrees
  0.785398  radians, which is     45  degrees
    1.5708  radians, which is     90  degrees
   2.35619  radians, which is    135  degrees
   3.14159  radians, which is    180  degrees

The cosine of the initial valarray is:
-1
-0.707107
-1.03412e-013
0.707107
1
0.707107
-1.03412e-013
-0.707107
-1

cosh

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的雙曲餘弦值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> cosh(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的雙曲餘弦值相等。

備註

恆等於根據指數函式定義的雙曲餘弦值:

cosh ( z ) = ( exp ( z ) + exp ( - z ) ) / 2

範例

// valarray_cosh.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  pi * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:\n";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw( 10 ) << va1 [ i ]
      << "  radians, which is  "
      << setw( 5 ) << ( 180/pi ) * va1 [ i ]
      << "  degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;

   va2 = cosh ( va1 );
   cout << "The hyperbolic cosine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray is:
  -3.14159  radians, which is   -180  degrees
  -2.35619  radians, which is   -135  degrees
   -1.5708  radians, which is    -90  degrees
 -0.785398  radians, which is    -45  degrees
         0  radians, which is      0  degrees
  0.785398  radians, which is     45  degrees
    1.5708  radians, which is     90  degrees
   2.35619  radians, which is    135  degrees
   3.14159  radians, which is    180  degrees

The hyperbolic cosine of the initial valarray is:
11.592
5.32275
2.50918
1.32461
1
1.32461
2.50918
5.32275
11.592

end

template <class T> unspecified 1 end(valarray<T>& v);
template <class T> unspecified 2 end(const valarray<T>& v);

exp

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的自然指數值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> exp(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的自然指數相等。

範例

// valarray_exp.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  10 * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "Initial valarray:";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << " " << va1 [ i ];
   cout << endl;

   va2 = exp ( va1 );
   cout << "The natural exponential of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
Initial valarray: -10 -7.5 -5 -2.5 0 2.5 5 7.5 10
The natural exponential of the initial valarray is:
4.53999e-005
0.000553084
0.00673795
0.082085
1
12.1825
148.413
1808.04
22026.5

log

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的自然對數值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> log(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的絕對值相等。

範例

// valarray_log.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  10 * i;
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "Initial valarray:";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << " " << va1 [ i ];
   cout << endl;

   va2 = log ( va1 );
   cout << "The natural logarithm of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
Initial valarray: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
The natural logarithm of the initial valarray is:
-inf
2.30259
2.99573
3.4012
3.68888
3.91202
4.09434
4.2485
4.38203

log10

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的常用對數值 (底數為 10 的對數) 相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> log10(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的常用對數相等。

範例

// valarray_log10.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 11 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 11 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  10 * i;
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "Initial valarray:";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 11 ; i++ )
      cout << " " << va1 [ i ];
   cout << endl;

   va2 = log10 ( va1 );
   cout << "The common logarithm of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 11 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
Initial valarray: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
The common logarithm of the initial valarray is:
-inf
1
1.30103
1.47712
1.60206
1.69897
1.77815
1.8451
1.90309
1.95424
2

pow

在輸入的 valarray 項目和常數上運作,傳回 valarray,其中的項目等於指定基底以指定指數自乘的乘冪,而該基底由輸入的 valarray 之項目指定或由常數指定,且該指數由輸入的 valarray 或常數指定。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
pow(
    const valarray<Type>& left,
    const valarray<Type>& right);

template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
pow(
    const valarray<Type>& left,
    const Type& right);

template <class Type>
valarray<Type>
pow(
    const Type& left,
    const valarray<Type>& right);

參數

left
輸入 valarray,其中的項目提供每個要指數化之項目的基底。

right
輸入 valarray,其中的項目提供每個要指數化之項目的次方。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目 I 相同於:

  • 針對第一個樣板函式,left [ I ] 的 right [ I ] 次方。

  • 針對第二個樣板函式,left [ I ] 的 right 次方。

  • 針對第三個樣板函式,leftright [ I ] 次方。

備註

如果左右的元素數目不同,則結果為未定義。

範例

#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> vabase ( 6 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
      vabase [ i ] =  i/2;
   valarray<double> vaexp ( 6 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
      vaexp [ i ] =  2 * i;

   valarray<double> va2 ( 6 );

   cout << "The initial valarray for the base is: ( ";
      for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
         cout << vabase [ i ] << " ";
   cout << ")." << endl;

   cout << "The initial valarray for the exponent is: ( ";
      for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
         cout << vaexp[ i ] << " ";
   cout << ")." << endl;

   va2 = pow ( vabase , vaexp );
   cout << "The power of (n/2) * exp (2n) for n = 0 to n = 5 is: \n";
      for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ )
         cout <<  "n = " << i << "\tgives " << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray for the base is: ( 0 0 1 1 2 2 ).
The initial valarray for the exponent is: ( 0 2 4 6 8 10 ).
The power of (n/2) * exp (2n) for n = 0 to n = 5 is:
n = 0   gives 1
n = 1   gives 0
n = 2   gives 1
n = 3   gives 1
n = 4   gives 256
n = 5   gives 1024

sin

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的正弦值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> sin(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的正弦值相等。

範例

// valarray_sin.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  pi * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw(10) << va1 [ i ]
      << "   radians, which is   "
      << setw(5) << ( 180/pi ) * va1 [ i ]
      << "   degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;

   va2 = sin ( va1 );
   cout << "The sine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray is:
  -3.14159   radians, which is    -180   degrees
  -2.35619   radians, which is    -135   degrees
   -1.5708   radians, which is     -90   degrees
 -0.785398   radians, which is     -45   degrees
         0   radians, which is       0   degrees
  0.785398   radians, which is      45   degrees
    1.5708   radians, which is      90   degrees
   2.35619   radians, which is     135   degrees
   3.14159   radians, which is     180   degrees

The sine of the initial valarray is:
2.06823e-013
-0.707107
-1
-0.707107
0
0.707107
1
0.707107
-2.06823e-013

sinh

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的雙曲正弦值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> sinh(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的雙曲正弦值相等。

備註

恆等於根據指數函式定義的雙曲正弦值:

sinh ( z ) = ( exp ( z ) - exp ( - z ) / 2

範例

// valarray_sinh.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  pi * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:\n";
   for (i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw( 10 ) << va1 [ i ]
      << "   radians, which is   "
      << setw( 5 ) << ( 180/pi ) * va1 [ i ]
      << "  degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;

   va2 = sinh ( va1 );
   cout << "The hyperbolic sine of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray is:
  -3.14159   radians, which is    -180  degrees
  -2.35619   radians, which is    -135  degrees
   -1.5708   radians, which is     -90  degrees
 -0.785398   radians, which is     -45  degrees
         0   radians, which is       0  degrees
  0.785398   radians, which is      45  degrees
    1.5708   radians, which is      90  degrees
   2.35619   radians, which is     135  degrees
   3.14159   radians, which is     180  degrees

The hyperbolic sine of the initial valarray is:
-11.5487
-5.22797
-2.3013
-0.868671
0
0.868671
2.3013
5.22797
11.5487

sqrt

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的平方根相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> sqrt(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的平方根相等。

範例

// valarray_sqrt.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 6 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] = i * i;

   cout << "The initial valarray is: ( ";
      for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
         cout << va1 [ i ] << " ";
   cout << ")." << endl;

   valarray<double> va2 = sqrt ( va1 );
   cout << "The square root of the initial valarray is: ( ";
      for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ )
         cout << va2 [ i ] << " ";
   cout << ")." << endl;
}
The initial valarray is: ( 0 1 4 9 16 ).
The square root of the initial valarray is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 ).

swap

交換兩個 valarray 的項目。

template <class Type>
void swap(
    valarray<Type>& left,
    valarray<Type>& right);

參數

left
valarray 類型的物件。

right
valarray 類型的物件。

備註

樣板函式會執行 left.swap(right)

tan

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的正切值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> tan(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的正切值相等。

範例

// valarray_tan.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  ( pi/2 ) * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw( 10 ) << va1 [ i ]
      << "     radians, which is   "
      << setw( 5 ) << ( 180/pi ) * va1 [ i ]
      << "   degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;

   va2 = tan ( va1 );
   cout << "The tangent of the initial valarray is:\n ";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray is:
   -1.5708     radians, which is     -90   degrees
   -1.1781     radians, which is   -67.5   degrees
 -0.785398     radians, which is     -45   degrees
 -0.392699     radians, which is   -22.5   degrees
         0     radians, which is       0   degrees
  0.392699     radians, which is    22.5   degrees
  0.785398     radians, which is      45   degrees
    1.1781     radians, which is    67.5   degrees
    1.5708     radians, which is      90   degrees

The tangent of the initial valarray is:
 9.6701e+012
-2.41421
-1
-0.414214
0
0.414214
1
2.41421
-9.6701e+012

tanh

在輸入的 valarray 項目上運作,傳回 valarray ,其中的項目和輸入的 valarray 項目的雙曲正切值相等。

template <class Type>
valarray<Type> tanh(const valarray<Type>& left);

參數

left
要由成員函式操作其項目的輸入 valarray。

傳回值

Valarray,其中的項目和輸入之 valarray 項目的雙曲餘弦值相等。

備註

恆等於根據指數函式定義的雙曲正切值:

tanh (z) = sinh (z) / cosh (z) = (exp ( z ) - exp (- z) ) / ( exp ( z ) + exp ( - z ) )

範例

// valarray_tanh.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;
   double pi = 3.14159265359;
   int i;

   valarray<double> va1 ( 9 );
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      va1 [ i ] =  pi * ( 0.25 * i - 1 );
   valarray<double> va2 ( 9 );

   cout << "The initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
      cout << setw( 10 ) << va1 [ i ]
      << "   radians, which is     "
                    << setw( 5 ) << ( 180/pi ) * va1 [ i ]
                    << "  degrees" << endl;
   cout << endl;

   va2 = tanh ( va1 );
   cout << "The hyperbolic tangent of the initial valarray is:\n";
   for ( i = 0 ; i < 9 ; i++ )
     cout << va2 [ i ] << endl;
}
The initial valarray is:
  -3.14159   radians, which is      -180  degrees
  -2.35619   radians, which is      -135  degrees
   -1.5708   radians, which is       -90  degrees
 -0.785398   radians, which is       -45  degrees
         0   radians, which is         0  degrees
  0.785398   radians, which is        45  degrees
    1.5708   radians, which is        90  degrees
   2.35619   radians, which is       135  degrees
   3.14159   radians, which is       180  degrees

The hyperbolic tangent of the initial valarray is:
-0.996272
-0.982193
-0.917152
-0.655794
0
0.655794
0.917152
0.982193
0.996272