使用 IAuthorizationRequirementData 進行自訂授權原則

發行項
11/06/2024

請考慮下列實作自訂 MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler 的範例：

using AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder();

builder.Services.AddAuthentication().AddJwtBearer();
builder.Services.AddAuthorization();
builder.Services.AddControllers();
builder.Services.AddSingleton<IAuthorizationHandler, MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler>();

var app = builder.Build();

app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler 類別：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Security.Claims;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;

class MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler : AuthorizationHandler<MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute>
{
    private readonly ILogger<MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler> _logger;

    public MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler(ILogger<MinimumAgeAuthorizationHandler> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    // Check whether a given MinimumAgeRequirement is satisfied or not for a particular
    // context.
    protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context,
                                               MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute requirement)
    {
        // Log as a warning so that it's very clear in sample output which authorization
        // policies(and requirements/handlers) are in use.
        _logger.LogWarning("Evaluating authorization requirement for age >= {age}",
                                                                    requirement.Age);

        // Check the user's age.
        var dateOfBirthClaim = context.User.FindFirst(c => c.Type == 
                                                                 ClaimTypes.DateOfBirth);
        if (dateOfBirthClaim != null)
        {
            // If the user has a date of birth claim, check their age.
            var dateOfBirth = Convert.ToDateTime(dateOfBirthClaim.Value,
                                                           CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            var age = DateTime.Now.Year - dateOfBirth.Year;
            if (dateOfBirth > DateTime.Now.AddYears(-age))
            {
                // Adjust age if the user hasn't had a birthday yet this year.
                age--;
            }

            // If the user meets the age criterion, mark the authorization requirement
            // succeeded.
            if (age >= requirement.Age)
            {
                _logger.LogInformation(
                    "Minimum age authorization requirement {age} satisfied", 
                      requirement.Age);
                context.Succeed(requirement);
            }
            else
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("Current user's DateOfBirth claim ({dateOfBirth})"
                   + " does not satisfy the minimum age authorization requirement {age}",
                    dateOfBirthClaim.Value,
                    requirement.Age);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("No DateOfBirth claim present");
        }

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

自訂 MinimumAgePolicyProvider：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;

class MinimumAgePolicyProvider : IAuthorizationPolicyProvider
{
    const string POLICY_PREFIX = "MinimumAge";
    public DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider FallbackPolicyProvider { get; }
    public MinimumAgePolicyProvider(IOptions<AuthorizationOptions> options)
    {
        FallbackPolicyProvider = new DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider(options);
    }
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy> GetDefaultPolicyAsync() => 
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetDefaultPolicyAsync();
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetFallbackPolicyAsync() =>
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetFallbackPolicyAsync();

    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetPolicyAsync(string policyName)
    {
        if (policyName.StartsWith(POLICY_PREFIX, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
            int.TryParse(policyName.Substring(POLICY_PREFIX.Length), out var age))
        {
            var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder(
                                                JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
            policy.AddRequirements(new MinimumAgeRequirement(age));
            return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(policy.Build());
        }

        return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(null);
    }
}

ASP.NET Core 只會使用一個授權原則提供者。如果自訂實作未處理所有原則，包括預設原則等等，則應該回復為替代提供者。在上述範例中，預設授權原則提供者為：

使用相依性插入容器的選項建構的。
如果此自訂提供者無法處理指定的原則名稱時才使用。

如果自訂原則提供者能夠處理所有預期的原則名稱，則不需要設定具有 GetFallbackPolicyAsync() 的後援原則。

class MinimumAgePolicyProvider : IAuthorizationPolicyProvider
{
    const string POLICY_PREFIX = "MinimumAge";
    public DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider FallbackPolicyProvider { get; }
    public MinimumAgePolicyProvider(IOptions<AuthorizationOptions> options)
    {
        FallbackPolicyProvider = new DefaultAuthorizationPolicyProvider(options);
    }
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy> GetDefaultPolicyAsync() => 
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetDefaultPolicyAsync();
    public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetFallbackPolicyAsync() =>
                            FallbackPolicyProvider.GetFallbackPolicyAsync();

原則會依字串名稱查閱，因此參數 (例如 age) 會內嵌在原則名稱中。這會由衍生自 AuthorizeAttribute 的更強型別屬性，從開發人員中擷取。例如，此範例中的 [MinimumAgeAuthorize()] 屬性會依字串名稱查閱原則。

public Task<AuthorizationPolicy?> GetPolicyAsync(string policyName)
{
    if (policyName.StartsWith(POLICY_PREFIX, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
        int.TryParse(policyName.Substring(POLICY_PREFIX.Length), out var age))
    {
        var policy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder(
                                            JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        policy.AddRequirements(new MinimumAgeRequirement(age));
        return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(policy.Build());
    }

    return Task.FromResult<AuthorizationPolicy?>(null);
}

MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute 會使用 IAuthorizationRequirementData 介面，允許屬性定義指定與授權原則相關聯的需求：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;

class MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute, IAuthorizationRequirement,
                                     IAuthorizationRequirementData
{
    public MinimumAgeAuthorizeAttribute(int age) => Age = age;
    public int Age { get; }

    public IEnumerable<IAuthorizationRequirement> GetRequirements()
    {
        yield return this;
    }
}

在滿足最低年齡原則時，GreetingsController 會顯示使用者的名稱：

using AuthRequirementsData.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace AuthRequirementsData.Controllers;

[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class GreetingsController : Controller
{
    [MinimumAgeAuthorize(16)]
    [HttpGet("hello")]
    public string Hello() => $"Hello {(HttpContext.User.Identity?.Name ?? "world")}!";
}

您可以在 AspNetCore.Docs.Samples 存放庫的 AuthRequirementsData 資料夾中找到完整的範例。

此範例可以使用 dotnet user-jwts 和 curl 進行測試：

dotnet user-jwts create --claim http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/dateofbirth=1989-01-01
curl -i -H "Authorization: Bearer <token from dotnet user-jwts>" http://localhost:<port>/api/greetings/hello

共用方式為

使用 IAuthorizationRequirementData 進行自訂授權原則

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