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避免在 ASP.NET Core Blazor 中覆寫參數

注意

這不是這篇文章的最新版本。 如需目前的版本,請參閱 本文的 .NET 9 版本。

警告

不再支援此版本的 ASP.NET Core。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱 .NET 和 .NET Core 支持原則。 如需目前的版本,請參閱 本文的 .NET 9 版本。

重要

這些發行前產品的相關資訊在產品正式發行前可能會有大幅修改。 Microsoft 對此處提供的資訊,不做任何明確或隱含的瑕疵擔保。

如需目前的版本,請參閱 本文的 .NET 9 版本。

Robert Haken 提供

本文說明如何避免在重新轉譯期間在 Blazor 應用程式中覆寫參數。

遭到覆寫的參數

Blazor 架構一般會強制指派安全的父對子參數:

  • 參數不會意外遭到覆寫。
  • 副作用會降到最低。 例如,會避免其他轉譯,因為其可能會產生無限循環的轉譯。

當父元件重新轉譯時,子元件會收到新的參數值,而可能覆寫現有的值。 如果使用一或多個與資料繫結的參數來開發元件,而且開發人員直接寫入到子系中的參數時,往往會意外覆寫子元件中的參數值:

  • 子元件使用父元件的一或多個參數值進行轉譯。
  • 子元件直接寫入到參數的值。
  • 父元件重新轉譯,並覆寫子元件參數的值。

覆寫參數值的可能性也會延伸至子元件的屬性 set 存取子。

重要

我們的常規指引是,不要在第一次轉譯元件之後,建立會直接寫入到其自有參數的元件。

請設想有以下情況的 ShowMoreExpander 元件:

  • 轉譯標題。
  • 選取時顯示子內容。
  • 可讓您使用元件參數 (InitiallyExpanded) 來設定初始狀態。

在下列 ShowMoreExpander 元件示範遭到覆寫的參數之後,隨即會顯示經過修改的 ShowMoreExpander 元件,以示範此案例的正確方法。 下列範例可以放到本機範例應用程式中,以便體驗所述行為。

ShowMoreExpander.razor

<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (InitiallyExpanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private void ShowMore() => InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (InitiallyExpanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private void ShowMore() => InitiallyExpanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (InitiallyExpanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private void ShowMore()
    {
        InitiallyExpanded = true;
    }
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (InitiallyExpanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private void ShowMore()
    {
        InitiallyExpanded = true;
    }
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (InitiallyExpanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    private void ShowMore()
    {
        InitiallyExpanded = true;
    }
}
<div @onclick="ShowMore" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @InitiallyExpanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (InitiallyExpanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    private void ShowMore()
    {
        InitiallyExpanded = true;
    }
}

ShowMoreExpander 元件會新增至下列 Expanders 父元件,後者可能會呼叫 StateHasChanged

Expanders.razor

@page "/expanders"

<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Example</h1>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
    Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"

<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Example</h1>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
    Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"

<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Example</h1>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
    Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"

<PageTitle>Expanders</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Example</h1>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
    Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"

<h1>Expanders Example</h1>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
    Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>
@page "/expanders"

<h1>Expanders Example</h1>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false">
    Expander 1 content
</ShowMoreExpander>

<ShowMoreExpander InitiallyExpanded="false" />

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

一開始,ShowMoreExpander 元件會在設定其 InitiallyExpanded 屬性時獨立運作。 子元件會維持其預期狀態。

如果在父元件中呼叫 StateHasChanged,且子元件的參數可能已變更,則 Blazor 架構會重新轉譯子元件:

  • 針對 Blazor 明確檢查的參數類型群組,如果 Blazor 偵測到有任何參數發生變更,便會重新轉譯子元件。
  • 針對未檢查的參數類型,「無論參數是否發生變更」,Blazor 都會重新轉譯子元件。 子內容會屬於這個類別的參數類型,因為子內容的類型為 RenderFragment,而這是會參考其他可變動物件的委派。

針對 Expanders 元件:

  • 第一個 ShowMoreExpander 元件會在可能變動的 RenderFragment 中設定子內容,因此如果對父元件中的 StateHasChanged 進行呼叫,便會自動重新轉譯元件,並可能會將 InitiallyExpanded 的值覆寫為其初始值 false
  • 第二個 ShowMoreExpander 元件不會設定子內容。 因此,可能變動的 RenderFragment 不存在。 如果對父元件中的 StateHasChanged 進行呼叫,將不會自動重新轉譯子元件,因此不會覆寫元件的 InitiallyExpanded 值。

若要在上述案例中維持狀態,請使用 ShowMoreExpander 元件中的「私人欄位」來維持其狀態。

下列經過修訂的 ShowMoreExpander 元件:

  • 會接受父代的 InitiallyExpanded 元件參數值。
  • 會將元件參數值指派給 OnInitialized 事件中的「私人欄位」(expanded)。
  • 會使用私人欄位來維持其內部的切換狀態,以示範如何避免直接寫入到參數中。

注意

本節中的建議可延伸至元件參數 set 存取子中的類似邏輯,但這可能會導致類似的不當副作用。

ShowMoreExpander.razor

<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => expanded = InitiallyExpanded;

    private void Expand() => expanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => expanded = InitiallyExpanded;

    private void Expand() => expanded = true;
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
    }

    private void Expand()
    {
        expanded = true;
    }
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
    }

    private void Expand()
    {
        expanded = true;
    }
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
    }

    private void Expand()
    {
        expanded = true;
    }
}
<div @onclick="Expand" class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Show more (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    [Parameter]
    public bool InitiallyExpanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        expanded = InitiallyExpanded;
    }

    private void Expand()
    {
        expanded = true;
    }
}

注意

修改後的 ShowMoreExpander 不會反映初始化 (OnInitialized) 後 InitiallyExpanded 參數的變更。 在某些情況下,已初始化的元件可能會收到新的參數值。 例如,在主要—從屬檢視表中,使用相同的元件來轉譯不同的詳細資料檢視,或當 /item/{id} 路由參數變更以顯示不同的項目時,就可能會發生這種情況。

請設想有以下情況的 ToggleExpander 元件:

  • 允許您從內部和外部變更狀態。
  • 即使重複使用相同的元件執行個體,仍會處理新的參數值。

ToggleExpander.razor

<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool Expanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private bool expanded;

    protected override void OnParametersSet() => expanded = Expanded;

    private async void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
        await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
    }
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool Expanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private bool expanded;

    protected override void OnParametersSet() => expanded = Expanded;

    private async void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
        await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
    }
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool Expanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private bool expanded;

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        expanded = Expanded;
    }

    private async void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
        await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
    }
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool Expanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment? ChildContent { get; set; }

    private bool expanded;

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        expanded = Expanded;
    }

    private async void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
        await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
    }
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool Expanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    private bool expanded;

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        expanded = Expanded;
    }

    private async void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
        await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
    }
}
<div class="card bg-light mb-3" style="width:30rem">
    <div @onclick="Toggle" class="card-header">
        <h2 class="card-title">Toggle (<code>Expanded</code> = @expanded)</h2>
    </div>
    @if (expanded)
    {
        <div class="card-body">
            <p class="card-text">@ChildContent</p>
        </div>
    }
</div>

@code {
    [Parameter]
    public bool Expanded { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public EventCallback<bool> ExpandedChanged { get; set; }

    [Parameter]
    public RenderFragment ChildContent { get; set; }

    private bool expanded;

    protected override void OnParametersSet()
    {
        expanded = Expanded;
    }

    private async void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
        await ExpandedChanged.InvokeAsync(expanded);
    }
}

ToggleExpander 元件應該與 @bind-Expanded="{field}" 繫結語法搭配使用,以允許參數的雙向同步。

ExpandersToggle.razor

@page "/expanders-toggle"

<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>

<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
    Expander content
</ToggleExpander>

<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    private void Toggle() => expanded = !expanded;
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"

<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>

<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
    Expander content
</ToggleExpander>

<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    private void Toggle() => expanded = !expanded;
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"

<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>

<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
    Expander content
</ToggleExpander>

<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    private void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
    }
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"

<PageTitle>Expanders Toggle</PageTitle>

<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>

<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
    Expander content
</ToggleExpander>

<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    private void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
    }
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"

<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>

<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
    Expander content
</ToggleExpander>

<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    private void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
    }
}
@page "/expanders-toggle"

<h1>Expanders Toggle</h1>

<ToggleExpander @bind-Expanded="expanded">
    Expander content
</ToggleExpander>

<button @onclick="Toggle">Toggle</button>

<button @onclick="StateHasChanged">Call StateHasChanged</button>

@code {
    private bool expanded;

    private void Toggle()
    {
        expanded = !expanded;
    }
}

如需有關父子繫結的詳細資訊,請參閱下列資源:

如需變更偵測的詳細資訊,包括 Blazor 會檢查的確切類型相關資訊,請參閱 ASP.NET Core Razor 元件轉譯