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检索计数器名称和帮助文本

  • 项目

性能数据包含用于查找每个已注册对象和计数器的名称和帮助文本的索引值。 PERF_OBJECT_TYPE 结构的 ObjectNameTitleIndex 和 ObjectHelpTitleIndex 成员分别包含对象名称和帮助文本的索引值，PERF_COUNTER_DEFINITION 结构的 CounterNameTitleIndex 和 CounterHelpTitleIndex 成员分别包含计数器名称和帮助文本的索引值。

若要检索名称或帮助文本，请调用 RegQueryValueEx 函数。 将 hKey 参数设置为以下预定义键之一。 通常，将使用 HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT 密钥，因此无需确定用户的语言标识符。

键 说明
HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA 基于在 lpValueName 参数中指定的语言标识符值查询字符串。 将 lpValueName 参数设置为“Counter <langid>”或“Help <langid>”以分别检索名称或帮助文本，其中“langid>”<是格式为零填充的 3 位十六进制数字的系统语言标识符。 语言标识符是可选的。 如果未指定语言标识符，函数将返回英语字符串。 检查 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Perflib 注册表项，了解系统上可用的语言列表。
若要检索大多数语言的文本，请仅指定主要语言标识符。 例如，若要检索英语字符串，请将语言标识符指定为 009，而不是 1033（对于英语-美国）。
若要检索中文和葡萄牙语文本，请同时指定主语言和子语言标识符。
Windows Server 2003 和 Windows XP： 仅指定葡萄牙语的主要语言标识符。
Windows 10：具有自定义语言标识符的“Help <langid>”文本始终返回英文字符串，不过仍可使用上述键从注册表中检索本地化值。
HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT 基于当前用户的默认 UI 语言查询字符串。 将 lpValueName 参数设置为“Counter”或“Help”，以分别检索名称或帮助文本。
HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT 查询英语字符串。 将 lpValueName 参数设置为“Counter”或“Help”，以分别检索名称或帮助文本。

函数以字符串列表的形式返回数据。 每个字符串以 null 结尾。 最后一个字符串后跟一个额外的 null 终止符。 字符串成对列出。 每对的第一个字符串是索引，第二个字符串是与索引关联的文本。 计数器数据仅使用偶数索引，而帮助数据使用奇数编号索引。 这些对按增加索引顺序返回。

以下列表显示了计数器和帮助数据的示例。 将给定计数器的索引值递增 1 会为计数器的帮助文本提供索引。 例如，7 是与计数器索引 6 关联的帮助索引。

计数器数据对。

2 系统 4 内存 6% 处理器时间

帮助数据对。

3 System 对象类型包括...5 Memory 对象类型包括...7 处理器时间表示为 ...

请注意，计数器数据中的第一对字符串不标识计数器名称，可以忽略。 第一对的索引号为 1，字符串是表示系统计数器的最大索引值的数值字符串。

有关提供程序如何加载名称和帮助文本的信息，请参阅 将计数器名称和说明添加到注册表。

文本中没有指示文本是标识计数器还是性能对象的信息。 确定这一点或计数器与对象之间的关系的唯一方法是查询性能数据本身。 例如，如果要在用户界面中显示对象及其计数器的列表，则必须检索性能数据，然后使用索引值来分析字符串的文本数据。 有关执行此操作的示例，请参阅 显示对象、实例和计数器名称。

以下示例演示如何使用 HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT 检索计数器和帮助文本，并生成表以供后续访问。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")

LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource);
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets);
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource);
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets);

void wmain(void)
{
    LPWSTR pCounterTextHead = NULL; // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Counter text.
    LPWSTR pHelpTextHead = NULL;    // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Help text.
    LPDWORD pTextOffsets = NULL;    // Array of DWORDS that contain the offsets to the text in
                                    // pCounterTextHead and pHelpTextHead. The text index
                                    // values mirror the array index.
    DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets = 0;    // Number of elements in the pTextOffsets array.


    pCounterTextHead = GetText(L"Counter");
    if (NULL == pCounterTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Counter\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    pHelpTextHead = GetText(L"Help");
    if (NULL == pHelpTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Help\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (BuildTextTable(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, &pTextOffsets, &dwNumberOfOffsets))
    {
        PrintCounterAndHelpText(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, pTextOffsets, dwNumberOfOffsets);
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"BuildTextTable failed.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    if (pCounterTextHead)
        free(pCounterTextHead);

    if (pHelpTextHead)
        free(pHelpTextHead);

    if (pTextOffsets)
        free(pTextOffsets);

    // You do not need to call RegCloseKey if you are only
    // retrieving names and help text.
}


// Get the text based on the source value. This function uses the
// HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT key to get the strings.
LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    LPWSTR pBuffer = NULL;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;

    // Query the size of the text data so you can allocate the buffer.
    status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT, pwszSource, NULL, NULL, NULL, &dwBufferSize);
    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed getting required buffer size. Error is 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // Allocate the text buffer and query the text.
    pBuffer = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
    if (pBuffer)
    {
        status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT, pwszSource, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)pBuffer, &dwBufferSize);
        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
        {
            wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
            free(pBuffer);
            pBuffer = NULL;
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"malloc failed to allocate memory.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    return pBuffer;
}


// Build a table of offsets into the counter and help text buffers. Use the index
// values from the performance data queries to access the offsets.
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets)
{
    BOOL fSuccess = FALSE;
    LPWSTR pwszCounterText = NULL;  // Used to cycle through the Counter text
    LPWSTR pwszHelpText = NULL;     // Used to cycle through the Help text
    LPDWORD pOffsets = NULL;
    DWORD dwCounterIndex = 0;       // Index value of the Counter text
    DWORD dwHelpIndex = 0;          // Index value of the Help text
    DWORD dwSize = 0;               // Size of the block of memory that holds the offset array


    pwszCounterText = pCounterHead;
    pwszHelpText = pHelpHead;

    *pNumberOfOffsets = GetNumberOfTextEntries(L"Last Help");
    if (0 == *pNumberOfOffsets)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetNumberOfTextEntries failed; returned 0 for number of entries.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    dwSize = sizeof(DWORD) * (*pNumberOfOffsets + 1);  // Add one to make the array one-based

    pOffsets = (LPDWORD)malloc(dwSize);
    if (pOffsets)
    {
        ZeroMemory(pOffsets, dwSize);
        *pOffsetsHead = pOffsets;

        // Bypass first record (pair) of the counter data - contains upper bounds of system counter index.
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);

        for (; *pwszCounterText; pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1))
        {
            dwCounterIndex = _wtoi(pwszCounterText);
            dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);

            // Use the counter's index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the counter text in the array element.
            pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);  //Skip past index value
            pOffsets[dwCounterIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszCounterText - pCounterHead);

            // Some help indexes for system counters do not have a matching counter, so loop
            // until you find the matching help index or the index is greater than the corresponding
            // counter index. For example, if the indexes were as follows, you would loop
            // until the help index was 11.
            //
            // Counter index       Help Index
            //   2                    3
            //   4                    5
            //   6                    7
            //                        9   (skip because there is no matching Counter index)
            //   10                   11
            while (*pwszHelpText && dwHelpIndex < dwCounterIndex)
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past index value
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past help text to the next index value
                dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);
            }

            // Use the Help index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the help text in the array element.
            if (dwHelpIndex == (dwCounterIndex + 1))
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past index value
                pOffsets[dwHelpIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszHelpText - pHelpHead);
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past help text to next index value
            }
        }

        fSuccess = TRUE;
    }

cleanup:

    return fSuccess;
}


// Retrieve the last help index used from the registry. Use this number
// to allocate an array of DWORDs. Note that index values are not contiguous.
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    DWORD dwEntries = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    HKEY hkey = NULL;
    DWORD dwSize = sizeof(DWORD);
    LPWSTR pwszMessage = NULL;

    status = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
        L"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Perflib",
        0,
        KEY_READ,
        &hkey);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegOpenKeyEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    status = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, pwszSource, NULL, 0, (LPBYTE)&dwEntries, &dwSize);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
    }

cleanup:

    if (hkey)
        RegCloseKey(hkey);

    return dwEntries;
}


// Print the pairs of counter and help text.
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets)
{    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(dwNumberOfOffsets);
    // Counter index values are even numbers that start at 2 so begin with
    // the second element of the array of offsets. Many array elements will
    // not contain offset values (index values are not contiguous).

    // There is typically a large number of counters, so this example prints
    // the first 10 counters and help text.
    //for (DWORD i = 2; i < (dwNumberOfOffsets+1); i++)

    for (DWORD i = 2; i < 22; i++)
    {
        if (pTextOffsets[i]) // If index offset is not zero
        {
            if (0 == (i % 2)) // Counter text index (even number)
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n", i, pCounterTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
            else
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n\n", i, pHelpTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
        }
    }
}

以下示例演示如何使用 HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA 检索计数器文本。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strsafe.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")

LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource);
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets);
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource);
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets);
LANGID GetLanguageId();

void wmain(void)
{
    LPWSTR pCounterTextHead = NULL; // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Counter text.
    LPWSTR pHelpTextHead = NULL;    // Head of the MULTI_SZ buffer that contains the Help text.
    LPDWORD pTextOffsets = NULL;    // Array of DWORDS that contain the offsets to the text in
                                    // pCounterTextHead and pHelpTextHead. The text index
                                    // values mirror the array index.
    DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets = 0;    // Number of elements in the pTextOffsets array.

    pCounterTextHead = GetText(L"Counter");
    if (NULL == pCounterTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Counter\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    pHelpTextHead = GetText(L"Help");
    if (NULL == pHelpTextHead)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetText(L\"Help\") failed.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    if (BuildTextTable(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, &pTextOffsets, &dwNumberOfOffsets))
    {
        PrintCounterAndHelpText(pCounterTextHead, pHelpTextHead, pTextOffsets, dwNumberOfOffsets);
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"BuildTextTable failed.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    if (pCounterTextHead)
        free(pCounterTextHead);

    if (pHelpTextHead)
        free(pHelpTextHead);

    if (pTextOffsets)
        free(pTextOffsets);

    // You do not need to call RegCloseKey if you are only
    // retrieving names and help text.
}


// Get the text based on the source value. This function uses the
// HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA key to get the strings.
LPWSTR GetText(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    LPWSTR pBuffer = NULL;
    DWORD dwBufferSize = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    LANGID langid = 0;
    WCHAR wszSourceAndLangId[15];   // Identifies the source of the text; either
                                    // "Counter <langid>" or "Help <langid>"


    // Create the lpValueName string for the registry query.
    langid = GetLanguageId();
    if (0 == langid)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetLanguageId failed to get the default language identifier.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    StringCchPrintf(wszSourceAndLangId, 15, L"%s %03x", pwszSource, langid);

    // Query the size of the text data so you can allocate the buffer.
    status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA, wszSourceAndLangId, NULL, NULL, NULL, &dwBufferSize);
    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed getting required buffer size. Error is 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    // Allocate the text buffer and query the text.
    pBuffer = (LPWSTR)malloc(dwBufferSize);
    if (pBuffer)
    {
        status = RegQueryValueEx(HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA, wszSourceAndLangId, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)pBuffer, &dwBufferSize);
        if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
        {
            wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
            free(pBuffer);
            pBuffer = NULL;
            goto cleanup;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"malloc failed to allocate memory.\n");
    }

cleanup:

    return pBuffer;
}


// Retrieve the default language identifier of the current user. For most languages,
// you use the primary language identifier only to retrieve the text. In Windows XP and
// Windows Server 2003, you use the complete language identifier to retrieve Chinese
// text. In Windows Vista, you use the complete language identifier to retrieve Portuguese
// text.
LANGID GetLanguageId()
{
    LANGID langid = 0;  // Complete language identifier.
    WORD primary = 0;   // Primary language identifier.
    OSVERSIONINFO osvi;

    ZeroMemory(&osvi, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO));
    osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);

    if (GetVersionEx(&osvi))
    {
        langid = GetUserDefaultUILanguage();
        primary = PRIMARYLANGID(langid);

        if ( (LANG_PORTUGUESE == primary && osvi.dwBuildNumber > 5) || // Windows Vista and later
             (LANG_CHINESE == primary && (osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osvi.dwMinorVersion >= 1)) ) // XP and Windows Server 2003
        {
            ; //Use the complete language identifier.
        }
        else
        {
            langid = primary;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        wprintf(L"GetVersionEx failed with 0x%x.\n", GetLastError());
    }

    return langid;
}


// Build a table of offsets into the counter and help text buffers. Use the index
// values from the performance data queries to access the offsets.
BOOL BuildTextTable(LPWSTR pCounterHead, LPWSTR pHelpHead, LPDWORD* pOffsetsHead, LPDWORD pNumberOfOffsets)
{
    BOOL fSuccess = FALSE;
    LPWSTR pwszCounterText = NULL;  // Used to cycle through the Counter text
    LPWSTR pwszHelpText = NULL;     // Used to cycle through the Help text
    LPDWORD pOffsets = NULL;
    DWORD dwCounterIndex = 0;       // Index value of the Counter text
    DWORD dwHelpIndex = 0;          // Index value of the Help text
    DWORD dwSize = 0;               // Size of the block of memory that holds the offset array

    pwszCounterText = pCounterHead;
    pwszHelpText = pHelpHead;

    *pNumberOfOffsets = GetNumberOfTextEntries(L"Last Help");
    if (0 == *pNumberOfOffsets)
    {
        wprintf(L"GetNumberOfTextEntries failed; returned 0 for number of entries.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }

    dwSize = sizeof(DWORD) * (*pNumberOfOffsets + 1);  // Add one to make the array one-based

    pOffsets = (LPDWORD)malloc(dwSize);
    if (pOffsets)
    {
        ZeroMemory(pOffsets, dwSize);
        *pOffsetsHead = pOffsets;

        // Bypass first record (pair) of the counter data - contains upper bounds of system counter index.
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);
        pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);

        for (; *pwszCounterText; pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1))
        {
            dwCounterIndex = _wtoi(pwszCounterText);
            dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);

            // Use the counter's index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the counter text in the array element.
            pwszCounterText += (wcslen(pwszCounterText)+1);  //Skip past index value
            pOffsets[dwCounterIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszCounterText - pCounterHead);

            // Some help indexes for system counters do not have a matching counter, so loop
            // until you find the matching help index or the index is greater than the corresponding
            // counter index. For example, if the indexes were as follows, you would loop
            // until the help index was 11.
            //
            // Counter index       Help Index
            //   2                    3
            //   4                    5
            //   6                    7
            //                        9   (skip because there is no matching Counter index)
            //   10                   11
            while (*pwszHelpText && dwHelpIndex < dwCounterIndex)
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past index value
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  // Skip past help text to the next index value
                dwHelpIndex = _wtoi(pwszHelpText);
            }

            // Use the Help index value as an indexer into the pOffsets array.
            // Store the offset to the help text in the array element.
            if (dwHelpIndex == (dwCounterIndex + 1))
            {
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past index value
                pOffsets[dwHelpIndex] = (DWORD)(pwszHelpText - pHelpHead);
                pwszHelpText += (wcslen(pwszHelpText)+1);  //Skip past help text to next index value
            }
        }

        fSuccess = TRUE;
    }

cleanup:

    return fSuccess;
}


// Retrieve the last help index used from the registry. Use this number
// to allocate an array of DWORDs. Note that index values are not contiguous.
DWORD GetNumberOfTextEntries(LPWSTR pwszSource)
{
    DWORD dwEntries = 0;
    LONG status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    HKEY hkey = NULL;
    DWORD dwSize = sizeof(DWORD);
    LPWSTR pwszMessage = NULL;

    status = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
        L"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Perflib",
        0,
        KEY_READ,
        &hkey);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegOpenKeyEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    status = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, pwszSource, NULL, 0, (LPBYTE)&dwEntries, &dwSize);

    if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
    {
        wprintf(L"RegQueryValueEx failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
    }

cleanup:

    if (hkey)
        RegCloseKey(hkey);

    return dwEntries;
}


// Print the pairs of counter and help text.
void PrintCounterAndHelpText(LPWSTR pCounterTextHead, LPWSTR pHelpTextHead, LPDWORD pTextOffsets, DWORD dwNumberOfOffsets)
{   UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(dwNumberOfOffsets);
    // Counter index values are even numbers that start at 2 so begin with
    // the second element of the array of offsets. Many array elements will
    // not contain offset values (index values are not contiguous).

    // There is typically a large number of counters, so this example prints
    // the first 10 counters and help text.
    //for (DWORD i = 2; i < (dwNumberOfOffsets+1); i++)

    for (DWORD i = 2; i < 22; i++)
    {
        if (pTextOffsets[i]) // If index offset is not zero
        {
            if (0 == (i % 2)) // Counter text index (even number)
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n", i, pCounterTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
            else
                wprintf(L"%d %s\n\n", i, pHelpTextHead+pTextOffsets[i]);
        }
    }
}