将 Mica 与 WinUI 2 应用于 UWP

本文介绍如何使用 WinUI 2 将 Mica 应用应用到 UWP 应用的基础层,并优先考虑游戏栏区域中的应用程序和可见性。 有关使用 Mica 的应用分层的详细信息,请参阅 Mica 材料

云母是一种不透明的材料,它将用户的主题和桌面壁纸相结合,创建高度个性化的外观。 随着用户在屏幕上移动窗口,Mica 材质会动态调整,以便使用应用程序下的壁纸创建丰富的可视化效果。 此外,如果应用处于非活动状态,该材质可以通过回退到中性色来帮助用户专注于当前任务。

Mica 适用于在 Windows 11 版本 22000 或更高版本上运行 WinUI 2 的 UWP 应用。 在 Windows 10 上,背景回退到纯色。

先决条件

将云母效果用于 WinUI 2 for UWP

重要的 API:BackdropMaterial 类

若要在 UWP 应用中应用 Mica,请使用 WinUI 2 中的 背景材料 类。 建议在作为 XAML 内容的根的 XAML 元素上设置 背景材料.ApplyToRootOrPageBackground 附加属性,因为它将应用于整个内容区域(如 Window)。 如果应用具有 导航多个页面的 Frame ,则应在 Frame 上设置此属性。 否则,应在应用的主页上设置此属性。

xmlns:muxc="using:Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls"

<Page muxc:BackdropMaterial.ApplyToRootOrPageBackground="True">
    <TextBlock>Hello world</TextBlock>
</Page>

以下示例演示如何实现 Mica 材料概述中显示的标准分层模式。 其中每个示例都使用并要求相同的标题条形代码隐藏,如最后一个示例所示。

示例:左侧导航视图中的标准模式

默认情况下, 左侧模式下的 NavigationView 在其内容区域中包括内容层。 此示例将 Mica 扩展到标题栏区域中,并创建自定义标题栏。

具有左侧导航和 mica 背景的应用窗口

<Page
    x:Class="LeftNavView.MainPage"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:LeftNavView"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    xmlns:muxc="using:Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls"
    mc:Ignorable="d"
    muxc:BackdropMaterial.ApplyToRootOrPageBackground="True">
    <Page.Resources>
        <!--This top margin is the height of the custom TitleBar-->
        <Thickness x:Key="NavigationViewContentMargin">0,48,0,0</Thickness>
    </Page.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <Border x:Name="AppTitleBar"
                IsHitTestVisible="True"
                VerticalAlignment="Top"
                Background="Transparent"
                Height="48"
                Canvas.ZIndex="1" 
                Margin="48,0,0,0">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Image x:Name="AppFontIcon"
                    HorizontalAlignment="Left" 
                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    Source="Assets/Square44x44Logo.png" 
                    Width="16" 
                    Height="16"/>
                <TextBlock x:Name="AppTitle"
                    Text="Test App Title"
                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    Margin="12, 0, 0, 0"
                    Style="{StaticResource CaptionTextBlockStyle}" />
            </StackPanel>
        </Border>
        <muxc:NavigationView x:Name="NavigationViewControl"
            IsTitleBarAutoPaddingEnabled="False"            
            IsBackButtonVisible="Visible"           
            Header="Title" 
            DisplayModeChanged="NavigationViewControl_DisplayModeChanged"
            Canvas.ZIndex="0">
            <muxc:NavigationView.MenuItems>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
            </muxc:NavigationView.MenuItems>
            <Grid>
                <Frame x:Name="contentFrame">
                    <Grid>
                        <TextBlock Padding="56,16,0,0">Page content!</TextBlock>
                    </Grid>
                </Frame>
            </Grid>
        </muxc:NavigationView>
    </Grid>
</Page>

示例:顶部导航视图中的标准模式

默认情况下, 顶部模式下的 NavigationView 在其内容区域中包括内容层。 此示例将 Mica 扩展到标题栏区域中,并创建自定义标题栏。

具有顶部导航和 mica 背景的应用窗口

<Page
    x:Class="TopNavView.MainPage"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:TopNavView"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    xmlns:muxc="using:Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls"
    mc:Ignorable="d"
    muxc:BackdropMaterial.ApplyToRootOrPageBackground="True">
    <Page.Resources>
        <CornerRadius x:Key="NavigationViewContentGridCornerRadius">0</CornerRadius>
    </Page.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <Border x:Name="AppTitleBar"
                IsHitTestVisible="True"
                VerticalAlignment="Top"
                Background="Transparent"
                Height="32"
                Margin="48,0,0,0">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Image x:Name="AppFontIcon"
                    HorizontalAlignment="Left" 
                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    Source="Assets/Square44x44Logo.png" 
                    Width="16" 
                    Height="16"/>
                <TextBlock x:Name="AppTitle"
                    Text="Test App Title"
                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    Margin="12,0,0,0"
                    Style="{StaticResource CaptionTextBlockStyle}" />
            </StackPanel>
        </Border>
            <muxc:NavigationView x:Name="NavigationViewControl"          
            Header="Page Title" 
            DisplayModeChanged="NavigationViewControl_DisplayModeChanged"
            PaneDisplayMode="Top">
                <muxc:NavigationView.MenuItems>
                    <muxc:NavigationViewItem Content="Text"/>
                    <muxc:NavigationViewItem Content="Text"/>
                    <muxc:NavigationViewItem Content="Text"/>
                    <muxc:NavigationViewItem Content="Text"/>
                    <muxc:NavigationViewItem Content="Text"/>
            </muxc:NavigationView.MenuItems>
                <Grid>
                    <Frame x:Name="contentFrame">
                        <Grid>
                            <TextBlock Padding="56,16,0,0">Page content!</TextBlock>
                        </Grid>
                    </Frame>
                </Grid>
            </muxc:NavigationView>
    </Grid>
</Page>

示例:左侧导航视图中的卡片模式

若要使用 NavigationView 遵循卡片模式,需要通过重写背景和边框主题资源来删除默认内容层。 然后,可以在控件的内容区域中创建卡片。 此示例会创建多个卡片、将 Mica 扩展到标题栏区域中,并创建自定义标题栏。 有关卡片 UI 的详细信息,请参阅分层和提升指南。

一个应用窗口,其中左侧导航和 mica 背景显示在内容卡之间

<Page
    x:Class="CardLayout.MainPage"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:local="using:CardLayout"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    xmlns:muxc="using:Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls"
    mc:Ignorable="d"
    muxc:BackdropMaterial.ApplyToRootOrPageBackground="True">
    <Page.Resources>
        <!--This top margin is the height of the custom TitleBar-->
        <Thickness x:Key="NavigationViewContentMargin">0,48,0,0</Thickness>
        <Thickness x:Key="NavigationViewContentGridBorderThickness">0</Thickness>
        <SolidColorBrush x:Key="NavigationViewContentBackground" Color="Transparent"></SolidColorBrush>
    </Page.Resources>

    <Grid>
        <Border x:Name="AppTitleBar"
                IsHitTestVisible="True"
                VerticalAlignment="Top"
                Background="Transparent"
                Height="48"
                Canvas.ZIndex="1" 
                Margin="48,0,0,0">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                <Image x:Name="AppFontIcon"
                    HorizontalAlignment="Left" 
                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    Source="Assets/Square44x44Logo.png" 
                    Width="16" 
                    Height="16"/>
                <TextBlock x:Name="AppTitle"
                    Text="Test App Title"
                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                    Margin="12,0,0,0"
                    Style="{StaticResource CaptionTextBlockStyle}" />
            </StackPanel>
        </Border>

        <muxc:NavigationView x:Name="NavigationViewControl"
            IsTitleBarAutoPaddingEnabled="False"            
            IsBackButtonVisible="Visible"           
            Header="Title" 
            DisplayModeChanged="NavigationViewControl_DisplayModeChanged"
            Canvas.ZIndex="0">
            <muxc:NavigationView.MenuItems>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
                <muxc:NavigationViewItem Icon="Target" Content="Text"/>
            </muxc:NavigationView.MenuItems>
            <Grid>
                <Frame x:Name="contentFrame">
                    <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" Margin="40,16,0,0">
                        <Border Width="600" Height="200" Background="{ThemeResource LayerFillColorDefaultBrush}"
                                VerticalAlignment="Top" 
                                HorizontalAlignment="Left" 
                                Margin="16"
                                CornerRadius="8"
                                BorderThickness="1"
                                BorderBrush="{ThemeResource CardStrokeColorDefaultBrush}">
                            <TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center">Content here!</TextBlock>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Width="600" Height="200" Background="{ThemeResource LayerFillColorDefaultBrush}"
                                VerticalAlignment="Top" 
                                HorizontalAlignment="Left" 
                                Margin="16" 
                                CornerRadius="8"
                                BorderThickness="1"
                                BorderBrush="{ThemeResource CardStrokeColorDefaultBrush}">
                            <TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center">Content here!</TextBlock>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Width="600" Height="200" Background="{ThemeResource LayerFillColorDefaultBrush}"
                                VerticalAlignment="Top" 
                                HorizontalAlignment="Left" 
                                Margin="16"
                                CornerRadius="8"
                                BorderThickness="1"
                                BorderBrush="{ThemeResource CardStrokeColorDefaultBrush}">
                            <TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center">Content here!</TextBlock>
                        </Border>
                    </StackPanel>
                </Frame>
            </Grid>
        </muxc:NavigationView>
    </Grid>
</Page>

标题栏后置代码

上面三个应用布局 XAML 页面使用此后置代码来创建自适应于应用状态和可见性的自定义标题栏。

有关详细信息,请参阅标题栏自定义

public MainPage()
{
    this.InitializeComponent();
    var titleBar = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().TitleBar;

    titleBar.ButtonBackgroundColor = Colors.Transparent;
    titleBar.ButtonInactiveBackgroundColor = Colors.Transparent;

    // Hide default title bar.
    var coreTitleBar = CoreApplication.GetCurrentView().TitleBar;
    coreTitleBar.ExtendViewIntoTitleBar = true;
    UpdateTitleBarLayout(coreTitleBar);

    // Set XAML element as a draggable region.
    Window.Current.SetTitleBar(AppTitleBar);

    // Register a handler for when the size of the overlaid caption control changes.
    // For example, when the app moves to a screen with a different DPI.
    coreTitleBar.LayoutMetricsChanged += CoreTitleBar_LayoutMetricsChanged;

    // Register a handler for when the title bar visibility changes.
    // For example, when the title bar is invoked in full screen mode.
    coreTitleBar.IsVisibleChanged += CoreTitleBar_IsVisibleChanged;

    //Register a handler for when the window changes focus
    Window.Current.Activated += Current_Activated;
}

private void CoreTitleBar_LayoutMetricsChanged(CoreApplicationViewTitleBar sender, object args)
{
    UpdateTitleBarLayout(sender);
}

private void UpdateTitleBarLayout(CoreApplicationViewTitleBar coreTitleBar)
{
    // Update title bar control size as needed to account for system size changes.
    AppTitleBar.Height = coreTitleBar.Height;

    // Ensure the custom title bar does not overlap window caption controls
    Thickness currMargin = AppTitleBar.Margin;
    AppTitleBar.Margin = new Thickness(currMargin.Left, currMargin.Top, coreTitleBar.SystemOverlayRightInset, currMargin.Bottom);
}

private void CoreTitleBar_IsVisibleChanged(CoreApplicationViewTitleBar sender, object args)
{
    if (sender.IsVisible)
    {
        AppTitleBar.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
    }
    else
    {
        AppTitleBar.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
    }
}

// Update the TitleBar based on the inactive/active state of the app
private void Current_Activated(object sender, Windows.UI.Core.WindowActivatedEventArgs e)
{
    SolidColorBrush defaultForegroundBrush = (SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["TextFillColorPrimaryBrush"];
    SolidColorBrush inactiveForegroundBrush = (SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["TextFillColorDisabledBrush"];

    if (e.WindowActivationState == Windows.UI.Core.CoreWindowActivationState.Deactivated)
    {
        AppTitle.Foreground = inactiveForegroundBrush;
    }
    else
    {
        AppTitle.Foreground = defaultForegroundBrush;
    }
}

// Update the TitleBar content layout depending on NavigationView DisplayMode
private void NavigationViewControl_DisplayModeChanged(Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.NavigationView sender, Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.NavigationViewDisplayModeChangedEventArgs args)
{
    const int topIndent = 16;
    const int expandedIndent = 48;
    int minimalIndent = 104;

    // If the back button is not visible, reduce the TitleBar content indent.
    if (NavigationViewControl.IsBackButtonVisible.Equals(Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.NavigationViewBackButtonVisible.Collapsed))
    {
        minimalIndent = 48;
    }

    Thickness currMargin = AppTitleBar.Margin;
    
    // Set the TitleBar margin dependent on NavigationView display mode
    if (sender.PaneDisplayMode == Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.NavigationViewPaneDisplayMode.Top)
    {
        AppTitleBar.Margin = new Thickness(topIndent, currMargin.Top, currMargin.Right, currMargin.Bottom);
    }
    else if (sender.DisplayMode == Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.NavigationViewDisplayMode.Minimal)
    {
        AppTitleBar.Margin = new Thickness(minimalIndent, currMargin.Top, currMargin.Right, currMargin.Bottom);
    }          
    else
    {
        AppTitleBar.Margin = new Thickness(expandedIndent, currMargin.Top, currMargin.Right, currMargin.Bottom);
    }
}