示例 C 程序：集合和同级证书Microsoft Store操作
下面的示例演示集合存储的概念，该临时 证书存储 实际上包含多个证书存储的内容。 可以将一个或多个存储添加到一个集合中，该集合可以使用单个函数调用访问集合中任何存储的内容。
此示例演示了以下任务和 CryptoAPI 函数：
- 使用 CertOpenStore 和 CertCloseStore 打开和关闭集合存储、内存存储和系统存储。
- 使用 CertAddStoreToCollection 将同级存储添加到集合存储。
- 使用 CertFindCertificateInStore 查找符合某些条件的存储中的证书和证书的链接。
- 使用 CertAddCertificateContextToStore 将检索的证书添加到内存中的存储区。
- 使用 CertAddCertificateLinkToStore 将证书的链接添加到存储区。
- 将内存中的存储保存到磁盘上的文件。
- 打开和关闭基于文件的证书存储。
- 使用 CertRemoveStoreFromCollection 从集合中删除同级存储。
此示例使用函数 MyHandleError。 此示例中包含此函数的代码。 此函数和其他辅助函数的代码也列在 常规用途 Functions 下。
此示例使用 CreateMyDACL 函数（在 创建 DACL 主题中定义）以确保使用正确的 DACL 创建打开的文件。
以下示例打开集合存储，在内存中创建新的证书存储，并将新存储作为同级存储添加到集合存储。 然后，程序将打开系统存储并检索证书。 该证书将添加到内存存储中。 从系统存储中检索第二个证书，并将该证书的链接添加到内存存储中。 然后，从集合存储中检索证书和链接，显示可以从集合存储中检索同级存储中的证书和链接。 内存保存到磁盘。 然后，将从集合中删除内存存储。 添加到内存存储的链接仍可在内存存储中找到，但无法再在集合存储中找到。 所有存储和文件均已关闭，然后重新打开文件存储，并搜索证书链接。 此程序的成功取决于“我的商店”可用。 该存储必须包含主题为“Insert_cert_subject_name1”的证书，以及主题为“Insert_cert_subject_name2”的第二个证书。 使用者的名称应更改为已知位于“我的存储”中的证书使用者的名称。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <Wincrypt.h>
#define MY_ENCODING_TYPE (PKCS_7_ASN_ENCODING | X509_ASN_ENCODING)
void MyHandleError(char *s);
void main(void)
{
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// Declare and initialize variables.
HCERTSTORE hCollectionStore; // Collection store
// handle
HCERTSTORE hSystemStore; // System store handle
HCERTSTORE hMemoryStore; // Memory store handle
PCCERT_CONTEXT pDesiredCert = NULL; // Set to NULL for the first
// call to
// CertFindCertificateInStore
HANDLE hStoreFileHandle ; // Output file handle
LPWSTR pszFileName = L"TestStor.sto"; // Output file name
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa; // for DACL
LPWSTR pswzFirstCert = L"Insert_cert_subject_name1";
// Subject of the first
// certificate
LPWSTR pswzSecondCert = L"Insert_cert_subject_name2";
// Subject of the second
// certificate
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open a collection certificate store.
if(hCollectionStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_COLLECTION, // Collection store
0, // Encoding type
// Not used with a collection store
NULL, // Use the default provider
0, // No flags
NULL)) // Not needed
{
printf("Opened a collection store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Error opening the collection store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open a new certificate store in memory.
if(hMemoryStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_MEMORY, // Memory store
0, // Encoding type
// not used with a memory store
NULL, // Use the default provider
0, // No flags
NULL)) // Not needed
{
printf("Opened a memory store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Error opening a memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Open the My system store using CertOpenStore.
if(hSystemStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, // System store will be a
// virtual store
0, // Encoding type not needed
// with this PROV
NULL, // Accept the default HCRYPTPROV
CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER,
L"MY")) // System store name
{
printf("Opened the My system store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError( "Could not open the My system store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Get a certificate that has the string
// "Insert_cert_subject_name1" in its subject.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hSystemStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found. \n",pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not find the desired certificate.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// pDesiredCert is a pointer to a certificate with a subject that
// includes the string passed as parameter five to the function.
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add the certificate from the My store to the memory store.
if(CertAddCertificateContextToStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
pDesiredCert, // Pointer to a certificate
CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
NULL))
{
printf("Certificate added to the memory store. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not add the certificate to the "
"memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add the memory store as a sibling to the collection store.
// All certificates in the memory store will now be available in
// the collection store. Any new certificates added to the memory
// store will also be available in the collection store.
if(CertAddStoreToCollection(
hCollectionStore,
hMemoryStore,
CERT_PHYSICAL_STORE_ADD_ENABLE_FLAG,// New certificates can be
// added to the sibling store
1)) // The sibling store's
// priority
// because this store has
// the highest priority,
// certificates added to
// the collection store will
// actually be stored in this
// store
{
printf("The memory store is added to the collection store.\n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("The memory store was not added "
"to the collection.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find a different certificate in the My store, and add, to the
// memory store, a link to that certificate.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hSystemStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not find the second certificate.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add a link to a second certificate from the My store to the new
// memory store.
if(CertAddCertificateLinkToStore(
hMemoryStore, // store handle
pDesiredCert, // pointer to a certificate
CERT_STORE_ADD_USE_EXISTING,
NULL))
{
printf("%S link added to the memory store. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not add the certificate link to the "
"memory store.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the first certificate in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found in the "
"memory store. \n",pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate was not in the "
"memory store.\n", pswzFirstCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find that same certificate in the collection store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzFirstCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S certificate was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzFirstCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate was not in the "
"memory collection.\n", pswzFirstCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the certificate link in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // Mo dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // The Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S link was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The %S certificate link was not in the "
"memory store.\n", pswzSecondCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Create a file to save the new store and certificate into.
// Create a DACL for the file.
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
sa.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
// Call function to set the DACL. The DACL
// is set in the SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
// lpSecurityDescriptor member.
// if CreateMyDACL(&sa) fails, call MyHandleError("CreateMyDACL failed.")
if(hStoreFileHandle = CreateFile(
pszFileName, // File path
GENERIC_WRITE, // Access mode
0, // Share mode
&sa, // Security
CREATE_ALWAYS, // How to create the file
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, // File attributes
NULL)) // File template
{
printf("Created a new file on disk. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not create a file on disk.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// hStoreFileHandle is the output file handle.
// Save the memory store and its certificate to the output file.
if( CertSaveStore(
hMemoryStore, // Store handle
0, // Encoding type not needed here
CERT_STORE_SAVE_AS_STORE,
CERT_STORE_SAVE_TO_FILE,
hStoreFileHandle, // The handle of an open disk file
0)) // dwFlags--no flags are needed here
{
printf("Saved the memory store to disk. \n");
}
else
{
MyHandleError("Could not save the memory store to disk.");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Remove the sibling store from the collection.
// CertRemoveStoreFromCollection returns void.
printf("\nRemoving the memory store from the collection.\n");
CertRemoveStoreFromCollection(
hCollectionStore,
hMemoryStore);
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the link in the memory store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // Use X509_ASN_ENCODING
0, // No dwFlags needed
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR, // Find a certificate with a
// subject that matches the string
// in the next parameter
pswzSecondCert, // Unicode string to be found
// in a certificate's subject
NULL)) // NULL is used so that the
// search will begin at the
// beginning of the certificate
// store
{
printf("The %S link is still in the "
"memory store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The certificate link was not in the "
"memory store.\n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Try to find certificate link in the collection store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hCollectionStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
pswzSecondCert,
NULL))
{
printf("The %S link was found in the "
"collection store. \n", pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("Removing the store from the collection worked.\n");
printf("The %S link is not in the "
"collection store.\n",pswzSecondCert);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Close the stores and the file. Reopen the file store,
// and check its contents.
if(hMemoryStore)
CertCloseStore(
hMemoryStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
if(hSystemStore)
CertCloseStore(
hSystemStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
if(hStoreFileHandle)
CloseHandle(hStoreFileHandle);
printf("All of the stores and files are closed. \n");
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Reopen the file store.
if(hMemoryStore = CertOpenStore(
CERT_STORE_PROV_FILENAME, // Store provider type
MY_ENCODING_TYPE, // If needed, use the usual
// encoding types
NULL, // Use the default HCRYPTPROV
0, // Accept the default for all
// dwFlags
L"TestStor.sto" )) // The name of an existing file
// as a Unicode string
{
printf("The file store has been reopened. \n");
}
else
{
printf("The file store could not be reopened. \n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Find the certificate link in the reopened file store.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(pDesiredCert=CertFindCertificateInStore(
hMemoryStore,
MY_ENCODING_TYPE,
0,
CERT_FIND_SUBJECT_STR,
pswzSecondCert,
NULL))
{
printf("The %S certificate link was found in the "
"file store. \n",pswzSecondCert);
}
else
{
printf("The certificate link was not in the file store.\n");
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Clean up memory and end.
if(pDesiredCert)
CertFreeCertificateContext(pDesiredCert);
if(hMemoryStore)
CertCloseStore(
hMemoryStore,
CERT_CLOSE_STORE_CHECK_FLAG);
printf("All of the stores and files are closed. \n");
} // End of main
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// This example uses the function MyHandleError, a simple error
// handling function, to print an error message to the standard error
// (stderr) file and exit the program.
// For most applications, replace this function with one
// that does more extensive error reporting.
void MyHandleError(char *s)
{
fprintf(stderr,"An error occurred in running the program. \n");
fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",s);
fprintf(stderr, "Error number %x.\n", GetLastError());
fprintf(stderr, "Program terminating. \n");
exit(1);
} // End of MyHandleError