编写调试器的主循环

调试器在其主循环的开头使用 WaitForDebugEvent 函数。 此函数会阻止调试器，直到发生调试事件为止。 发生调试事件时，系统将挂起正在调试的进程中的所有线程，并通知事件调试器。

调试器可以通过使用 GetThreadContext、GetThreadSelectorEntry、ReadProcessMemory、SetThreadContext 和 WriteProcessMemory 函数与用户交互，或操作正在调试的进程的状态。 GetThreadSelectorEntry 会返回指定选择器和线程的描述符表条目。 调试器使用描述符表条目将段相对地址转换为线性虚拟地址。 ReadProcessMemory 和 WriteProcessMemory 函数需要线性虚拟地址。

调试器会经常读取正在调试的进程内存，并将包含指令的内存写入指令缓存。 编写指令后，调试器会调用 FlushInstructionCache 函数来执行缓存指令。

调试器在其主循环的末尾使用 ContinueDebugEvent 函数。 此函数允许继续执行正在调试的进程。

以下示例使用 WaitForDebugEvent 和 ContinueDebugEvent 函数来说明如何组织简单的调试器。

#include <windows.h>

DWORD OnCreateThreadDebugEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnCreateProcessDebugEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnExitThreadDebugEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnExitProcessDebugEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnLoadDllDebugEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnUnloadDllDebugEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnOutputDebugStringEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);
DWORD OnRipEvent(const LPDEBUG_EVENT);

void EnterDebugLoop(const LPDEBUG_EVENT DebugEv)
{
   DWORD dwContinueStatus = DBG_CONTINUE; // exception continuation 
 
   for(;;) 
   { 
   // Wait for a debugging event to occur. The second parameter indicates
   // that the function does not return until a debugging event occurs. 
 
      WaitForDebugEvent(DebugEv, INFINITE); 

   // Process the debugging event code. 
 
      switch (DebugEv->dwDebugEventCode) 
      { 
         case EXCEPTION_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // Process the exception code. When handling 
         // exceptions, remember to set the continuation 
         // status parameter (dwContinueStatus). This value 
         // is used by the ContinueDebugEvent function. 
 
            switch(DebugEv->u.Exception.ExceptionRecord.ExceptionCode)
            { 
               case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION: 
               // First chance: Pass this on to the system. 
               // Last chance: Display an appropriate error. 
                  break;
 
               case EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT: 
               // First chance: Display the current 
               // instruction and register values. 
                  break;
 
               case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT: 
               // First chance: Pass this on to the system. 
               // Last chance: Display an appropriate error. 
                  break;
 
               case EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP: 
               // First chance: Update the display of the 
               // current instruction and register values. 
                  break;
 
               case DBG_CONTROL_C: 
               // First chance: Pass this on to the system. 
               // Last chance: Display an appropriate error. 
                  break;
 
               default:
               // Handle other exceptions. 
                  break;
            } 

            break;
 
         case CREATE_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // As needed, examine or change the thread's registers 
         // with the GetThreadContext and SetThreadContext functions; 
         // and suspend and resume thread execution with the 
         // SuspendThread and ResumeThread functions. 

            dwContinueStatus = OnCreateThreadDebugEvent(DebugEv);
            break;

         case CREATE_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // As needed, examine or change the registers of the
         // process's initial thread with the GetThreadContext and
         // SetThreadContext functions; read from and write to the
         // process's virtual memory with the ReadProcessMemory and
         // WriteProcessMemory functions; and suspend and resume
         // thread execution with the SuspendThread and ResumeThread
         // functions. Be sure to close the handle to the process image
         // file with CloseHandle.

            dwContinueStatus = OnCreateProcessDebugEvent(DebugEv);
            break;
 
         case EXIT_THREAD_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // Display the thread's exit code. 

            dwContinueStatus = OnExitThreadDebugEvent(DebugEv);
            break;
 
         case EXIT_PROCESS_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // Display the process's exit code. 

            dwContinueStatus = OnExitProcessDebugEvent(DebugEv);
            break;
 
         case LOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // Read the debugging information included in the newly 
         // loaded DLL. Be sure to close the handle to the loaded DLL 
         // with CloseHandle.

            dwContinueStatus = OnLoadDllDebugEvent(DebugEv);
            break;
 
         case UNLOAD_DLL_DEBUG_EVENT: 
         // Display a message that the DLL has been unloaded. 

            dwContinueStatus = OnUnloadDllDebugEvent(DebugEv);
            break;
 
         case OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT: 
         // Display the output debugging string. 

            dwContinueStatus = OnOutputDebugStringEvent(DebugEv);
            break;

         case RIP_EVENT:
            dwContinueStatus = OnRipEvent(DebugEv);
            break;
      } 
 
   // Resume executing the thread that reported the debugging event. 
 
   ContinueDebugEvent(DebugEv->dwProcessId, 
                      DebugEv->dwThreadId, 
                      dwContinueStatus);
   }
}