使用更改数据捕获时，事务日志会因事务长时间运行而增加 - SQL Server & Azure SQL
本文可帮助你监视和识别数据库中长时间运行的事务导致的事务日志连续增长问题，) SQL Server、Azure SQL 数据库和Azure SQL 托管实例上启用了更改数据捕获 (CDC。
症状
请考虑以下情况：
- 在数据库上启用 变更数据捕获 。
- CDC 的更改数据源是事务日志。 当插入、更新和删除应用于跟踪的源表时，描述这些更改的条目将添加到日志中。
- 由于长时间运行的事务，数据库上的事务日志会增大。
- 查询 给定数据库的 sys.databases 时，列
log_reuse_wait_desc将显示REPLICATION。
在这种情况下，数据库事务日志文件会逐渐增长，从而导致事务日志空间消耗过多。 事务日志大小达到定义的最大限制后，对数据库的写入将失败。
原因
在启用了 CDC 的数据库上，捕获作业延迟会保留日志截断，以确保可以从事务日志捕获到 CDC 更改表的更改，从而防止更改数据丢失。
解决方法
可以使用 Transact-SQL (T-SQL) 指定事务日志阈值和监视事务日志的时间间隔。 如有必要，可以通过设置 @kill_oldest_tran = 1来终止事务。
若要监视事务日志，请使用以下 T-SQL 查询：
DECLARE
-- Log Transactions that generated Txlog over this size
@transaction_log_bytes_used INT = 5242880, -- 5MB (UPDATE)
-- Log full threshold
@log_full_threshold INT = 30, -- Percent (UPDATE)
-- Kill Oldest Tran (0 = FALSE or 1 = TRUE)
@kill_oldest_tran BIT = 0, --(UPDATE)
-- Log Transactions over this duration
@active_tran_time_minutes INT = 15, --(UPDATE)
-- This variable specifies the loop delay, format is Hours:minutes:seconds
@delay VARCHAR(9) = '00:10:00',
@runtime DATETIME,
@starttime DATETIME,
@msg NVARCHAR(100),
@oldest_tran_id BIGINT,
@oldest_tran_session_id INT,
@oldest_tran_begin_time DATETIME,
@killstr NVARCHAR(100)
IF OBJECT_ID('tblDiagLongTransactions') IS NULL
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE tblDiagLongTransactions
(
[datacollectiontime] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[transaction_id] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[name] [nvarchar](32) NOT NULL,
[transaction_begin_time] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[transaction_type] [int] NOT NULL,
[transaction_state] [int] NOT NULL,
[session_id] [int] NOT NULL,
[is_user_transaction] [bit] NOT NULL,
[database_transaction_log_bytes_used] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[login_time] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[last_request_start_time] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[last_request_end_time] [datetime] NULL,
[transaction_isolation_level] [smallint] NOT NULL,
[host_name] [nvarchar](128) NULL,
[nt_user_name] [nvarchar](128) NULL,
[command] [nvarchar](32) NULL,
[status] [nvarchar](30) NULL,
[cpu_time] [int] NULL,
[total_elapsed_time] [int] NULL,
[Transaction_time_in_mins] [int] NULL,
[logical_reads] [bigint] NULL,
[wait_time] [int] NULL,
[wait_type] [nvarchar](60) NULL,
[wait_resource] [nvarchar](256) NULL,
[blocking_session_id] [smallint] NULL,
[program_name] [nvarchar](128) NULL,
[granted_query_memory] [int] NULL,
[writes] [bigint] NULL,
[Request Reads] [bigint] NULL,
[Session Reads] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[Session Logical Reads] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[statement_text] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
[batch_text] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
[objectid] [int] NULL,
[query_hash] BINARY(8),
[query_plan_hash] BINARY(8),
[mostrecentsqltext] [nvarchar](max) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
END
WHILE (1=1)
BEGIN
-- Check if the database log used space is over the threshold
SET @runtime = GETDATE()
INSERT INTO tblDiagLongTransactions
SELECT DISTINCT
@runtime AS datacollectiontime,
atr.transaction_id,
atr.name,
transaction_begin_time,
transaction_type,
transaction_state,
dsr.session_id,
dsr.is_user_transaction,
dtr.database_transaction_log_bytes_used,
s.login_time,
s.last_request_start_time,
s.last_request_end_time,
s.transaction_isolation_level,
s.host_name,
s.nt_user_name,
r.command,
r.status,
r.cpu_time,
r.total_elapsed_time,
DATEDIFF(mi, transaction_begin_time, getdate()) AS 'Transaction_time_in_mins',
r.logical_reads,
r.wait_time,
r.wait_type,
r.wait_resource,
r.blocking_session_id,
s.program_name,
r.granted_query_memory,
r.writes,
r.reads AS [Request Reads],
s.reads AS [Session Reads],
s.logical_reads AS [Session Logical Reads],
(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(qt.text, r.statement_start_offset / 2 + 1,
(CASE WHEN r.statement_end_offset = -1 THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), qt.text)) * 2
ELSE r.statement_end_offset
END - r.statement_start_offset) / 2), ' ', ''), CHAR(13), ''), CHAR(10), ''), CHAR(9), '')) AS statement_text,
SUBSTRING(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(qt.text, ' ', ''), CHAR(13), ''), CHAR(10), ''), CHAR(9), ''), 1, 256) AS batch_text,
qt.objectid,
query_hash,
query_plan_hash,
mqt.text
FROM sys.dm_tran_active_transactions atr
INNER JOIN sys.dm_tran_database_transactions dtr ON atr.transaction_id = dtr.transaction_id
INNER JOIN sys.dm_tran_session_transactions dsr ON atr.transaction_id = dsr.transaction_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions s ON dsr.session_id = s.session_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections conn ON s.session_id = dsr.session_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests r ON r.session_id = s.session_id
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) AS qt
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(conn.most_recent_sql_handle) AS mqt
WHERE s.session_id != @@spid
AND atr.transaction_type != 2
AND (database_transaction_log_bytes_used > @transaction_log_bytes_used
OR datediff(minute, transaction_begin_time, getdate()) > @active_tran_time_minutes)
-- Check Log full threshold
IF @kill_oldest_tran = 1
BEGIN
IF EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM sys.dm_db_log_space_usage
WHERE used_log_space_in_percent >= @log_full_threshold
)
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1
@oldest_tran_id = atr.transaction_id,
@oldest_tran_begin_time = transaction_begin_time,
@oldest_tran_session_id = dsr.session_id
FROM sys.dm_tran_active_transactions atr
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_tran_database_transactions dtr ON atr.transaction_id = dtr.transaction_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_tran_session_transactions dsr ON atr.transaction_id = dsr.transaction_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions s ON dsr.session_id = s.session_id
WHERE dsr.session_id != @@spid
AND is_user_transaction = 1
ORDER BY transaction_begin_time DESC
SELECT @oldest_tran_id AS TranID, @oldest_tran_begin_time AS TranbeginTime, @oldest_tran_session_id AS SessionID
SET @killstr = 'KILL ' + CAST(@oldest_tran_session_id AS VARCHAR(100))
PRINT @killstr
-- Kill oldest tran
EXEC (@killstr)
-- Checkpoint
CHECKPOINT
END
END
-- Change the polling interval as required
WAITFOR DELAY @delay
END