NTILE (Transact-SQL)
适用于:SQL Server Azure SQL 数据库 Azure SQL 托管实例 Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)
将有序分区中的行分发到指定数目的组中。 各个组有编号,编号从一开始。 对于每一个行,NTILE 将返回此行所属的组的编号。
语法
NTILE (integer_expression) OVER ( [ <partition_by_clause> ] < order_by_clause > )
参数
integer_expression
一个正整数表达式,用于指定每个分区必须被划分成的组数。 integer_expression 可以是 int 或 bigint 类型 。
partition_by_clause<>
将由 FROM 子句生成的结果集划分为要应用函数的分区。 有关 PARTITION BY 语法的信息,请参阅 OVER 子句 (Transact-SQL)。
order_by_clause<>
确定 NTILE 值分配到分区中各行的顺序。 当在排名函数中使用 <order_by_clause> 时,不能用整数表示列。
返回类型
bigint
备注
如果分区的行数不能被 integer_expression 整除,则将导致一个成员有两种大小不同的组。 按照 OVER 子句指定的顺序,较大的组排在较小的组前面。 例如,如果总行数是 53,组数是 5,则前三个组每组包含 11 行,其余两个组每组包含 10 行。 另一方面,如果总行数可被组数整除,则行数将在组之间平均分布。 例如,如果总行数为 50,有五个组,则每组将包含 10 行。
NTILE 具有不确定性。 有关详细信息,请参阅 Deterministic and Nondeterministic Functions。
示例
A. 将行分为组
下面的示例根据员工的年初至今销售额将行分到四个员工组中。 由于总行数不能被组数整除,因此前两个组将包含四行,而其余各组包含三行。
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName
,NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY SalesYTD DESC) AS Quartile
,CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),s.SalesYTD,1) AS SalesYTD
, a.PostalCode
FROM Sales.SalesPerson AS s
INNER JOIN Person.Person AS p
ON s.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID
INNER JOIN Person.Address AS a
ON a.AddressID = p.BusinessEntityID
WHERE TerritoryID IS NOT NULL
AND SalesYTD <> 0;
GO
结果集如下。
FirstName LastName Quartile SalesYTD PostalCode
------------- --------------------- --------- -------------- ----------
Linda Mitchell 1 4,251,368.55 98027
Jae Pak 1 4,116,871.23 98055
Michael Blythe 1 3,763,178.18 98027
Jillian Carson 1 3,189,418.37 98027
Ranjit Varkey Chudukatil 2 3,121,616.32 98055
José Saraiva 2 2,604,540.72 98055
Shu Ito 2 2,458,535.62 98055
Tsvi Reiter 2 2,315,185.61 98027
Rachel Valdez 3 1,827,066.71 98055
Tete Mensa-Annan 3 1,576,562.20 98055
David Campbell 3 1,573,012.94 98055
Garrett Vargas 4 1,453,719.47 98027
Lynn Tsoflias 4 1,421,810.92 98055
Pamela Ansman-Wolfe 4 1,352,577.13 98027
(14 row(s) affected)
B. 使用 PARTITION BY 划分结果集
以下示例将 PARTITION BY
参数添加到示例 A 中的代码。首先按 PostalCode
将行分区,然后在每个 PostalCode
内将行分成四个组。 该示例还声明一个变量 @NTILE_Var
并使用该变量指定 integer_expression 参数的值。
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
DECLARE @NTILE_Var INT = 4;
SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName
,NTILE(@NTILE_Var) OVER(PARTITION BY PostalCode ORDER BY SalesYTD DESC) AS Quartile
,CONVERT(NVARCHAR(20),s.SalesYTD,1) AS SalesYTD
,a.PostalCode
FROM Sales.SalesPerson AS s
INNER JOIN Person.Person AS p
ON s.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID
INNER JOIN Person.Address AS a
ON a.AddressID = p.BusinessEntityID
WHERE TerritoryID IS NOT NULL
AND SalesYTD <> 0;
GO
结果集如下。
FirstName LastName Quartile SalesYTD PostalCode
------------ -------------------- -------- ------------ ----------
Linda Mitchell 1 4,251,368.55 98027
Michael Blythe 1 3,763,178.18 98027
Jillian Carson 2 3,189,418.37 98027
Tsvi Reiter 2 2,315,185.61 98027
Garrett Vargas 3 1,453,719.47 98027
Pamela Ansman-Wolfe 4 1,352,577.13 98027
Jae Pak 1 4,116,871.23 98055
Ranjit Varkey Chudukatil 1 3,121,616.32 98055
José Saraiva 2 2,604,540.72 98055
Shu Ito 2 2,458,535.62 98055
Rachel Valdez 3 1,827,066.71 98055
Tete Mensa-Annan 3 1,576,562.20 98055
David Campbell 4 1,573,012.94 98055
Lynn Tsoflias 4 1,421,810.92 98055
(14 row(s) affected)
示例:Azure Synapse Analytics 和 Analytics Platform System (PDW)
C. 将行分为组
以下示例使用 NTILE 函数根据其 2003 年的分配销售配额将一组销售人员划分为四个组。 由于总行数不能被组数整除,因此第一个组将包含五行,其余每组包含四行。
-- Uses AdventureWorks
SELECT e.LastName, NTILE(4) OVER(ORDER BY SUM(SalesAmountQuota) DESC) AS Quartile,
CONVERT (VARCHAR(13), SUM(SalesAmountQuota), 1) AS SalesQuota
FROM dbo.DimEmployee AS e
INNER JOIN dbo.FactSalesQuota AS sq
ON e.EmployeeKey = sq.EmployeeKey
WHERE sq.CalendarYear = 2003
AND SalesTerritoryKey IS NOT NULL AND SalesAmountQuota <> 0
GROUP BY e.LastName
ORDER BY Quartile, e.LastName;
结果集如下。
LastName Quartile SalesYTD
----------------- -------- ------------`
Blythe 1 4,716,000.00
Carson 1 4,350,000.00
Mitchell 1 4,682,000.00
Pak 1 5,142,000.00
Varkey Chudukatil 1 2,940,000.00
Ito 2 2,644,000.00
Saraiva 2 2,293,000.00
Vargas 2 1,617,000.00
Ansman-Wolfe 3 1,183,000.00
Campbell 3 1,438,000.00
Mensa-Annan 3 1,481,000.00
Valdez 3 1,294,000.00
Abbas 4 172,000.00
Albert 4 651,000.00
Jiang 4 544,000.00
Tsoflias 4 867,000.00
D. 使用 PARTITION BY 划分结果集
以下示例将 PARTITION BY 参数添加到示例 A 中的代码。首先按 SalesTerritoryCountry
将行分区,然后在每个 SalesTerritoryCountry
内将行分成两个组。 请注意,OVER 子句中的 ORDER BY 对 NTILE 进行排序,SELECT 中的 ORDER BY 则对结果集进行排序。
-- Uses AdventureWorks
SELECT e.LastName, NTILE(2) OVER(PARTITION BY e.SalesTerritoryKey ORDER BY SUM(SalesAmountQuota) DESC) AS Quartile,
CONVERT (VARCHAR(13), SUM(SalesAmountQuota), 1) AS SalesQuota
,st.SalesTerritoryCountry
FROM dbo.DimEmployee AS e
INNER JOIN dbo.FactSalesQuota AS sq
ON e.EmployeeKey = sq.EmployeeKey
INNER JOIN dbo.DimSalesTerritory AS st
ON e.SalesTerritoryKey = st.SalesTerritoryKey
WHERE sq.CalendarYear = 2003
GROUP BY e.LastName,e.SalesTerritoryKey,st.SalesTerritoryCountry
ORDER BY st.SalesTerritoryCountry, Quartile;
结果集如下。
LastName Quartile SalesYTD SalesTerritoryCountry
----------------- -------- -------------- ------------------
Tsoflias 1 867,000.00 Australia
Saraiva 1 2,293,000.00 Canada
Varkey Chudukatil 1 2,940,000.00 France
Valdez 1 1,294,000.00 Germany
Alberts 1 651,000.00 NA
Jiang 1 544,000.00 NA
Pak 1 5,142,000.00 United Kingdom
Mensa-Annan 1 1,481,000.00 United States
Campbell 1 1,438,000.00 United States
Reiter 1 2,768,000.00 United States
Blythe 1 4,716,000.00 United States
Carson 1 4,350,000.00 United States
Mitchell 1 4,682,000.00 United States
Vargas 2 1,617,000.00 Canada
Abbas 2 172,000.00 NA
Ito 2 2,644,000.00 United States
Ansman-Wolfe 2 1,183,000.00 United States
另请参阅
RANK (Transact-SQL)
DENSE_RANK (Transact-SQL)
ROW_NUMBER (Transact-SQL)
排名函数 (Transact-SQL)
内置函数 (Transact-SQL)