sys.fn_builtin_permissions (Transact-SQL)
适用于：
SQL Server Azure SQL 数据库 Azure SQL 托管实例 Microsoft Fabric SQL 数据库
返回服务器内置权限层次结构的说明。 sys.fn_builtin_permissions只能在 SQL Server 上调用并Azure SQL 数据库，无论它们是否在当前平台上受支持，它都会返回所有权限。 大多数权限适用于所有平台，但有些则不适用。 例如，不能对SQL 数据库授予服务器级别权限。 有关哪些平台支持每个权限的信息，请参阅“权限”（数据库引擎）。
语法
sys.fn_builtin_permissions ( [ DEFAULT | NULL ]
| empty_string | '<securable_class>' } )
<securable_class> ::=
APPLICATION ROLE | ASSEMBLY | ASYMMETRIC KEY | AVAILABILITY GROUP
| CERTIFICATE | CONTRACT | DATABASE | DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL
| ENDPOINT | FULLTEXT CATALOG | FULLTEXT STOPLIST | LOGIN
| MESSAGE TYPE | OBJECT | REMOTE SERVICE BINDING | ROLE | ROUTE
| SCHEMA | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST | SERVER | SERVER ROLE | SERVICE
| SYMMETRIC KEY | TYPE | USER | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION
参数
[ DEFAULT |NULL ]
使用 DEFAULT 选项（不含引号）调用它时，该函数将返回内置权限的完整列表。
NULL 等效于 DEFAULT。
empty_string
等效于 DEFAULT。
'<securable_class>'
使用一个安全对象类的名称调用时， sys.fn_builtin_permissions 将返回应用于该类的所有权限。 '<securable_class>'是 nvarchar（60）类型的字符串文本，需要引号。
返回的表
| 列名称 | Data type | 排序规则 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| class_desc | nvarchar(60) | 服务器的排序规则 | 安全对象类的说明。 |
| permission_name | nvarchar(60) | 服务器的排序规则 | 权限名称。 |
| type | varchar(4) | 服务器的排序规则 | 压缩权限类型代码。 请参阅后面的表。 |
| covering_permission_name | nvarchar(60) | 服务器的排序规则 | 如果不为 NULL，则为该类的权限名称（隐含该类的其他权限）。 |
| parent_class_desc | nvarchar(60) | 服务器的排序规则 | 如果不为 NULL，则为包含当前类的父类的名称。 |
| parent_covering_permission_name | nvarchar(60) | 服务器的排序规则 | 如果不为 NULL，则为父类的权限名称（隐含该类的所有其他权限）。 |
权限类型
| 权限类型 | 权限名称 | 应用于安全对象或类 |
|---|---|---|
| AADS | ALTER ANY DATABASE EVENT SESSION 适用于：SQL Server 2014 （12.x） 及 更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| AAES | ALTER ANY EVENT SESSION | SERVER |
| AAMK | ALTER ANY MASK 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| ADBO | ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS | SERVER |
| AEDS | ALTER ANY EXTERNAL DATA SOURCE 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| AEFF | ALTER ANY EXTERNAL FILE FORMAT 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| AL | ALTER | APPLICATION ROLE |
| AL | ALTER | ASSEMBLY |
| AL | ALTER 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
AVAILABILITY GROUP |
| AL | ALTER | ASYMMETRIC KEY |
| AL | ALTER | CERTIFICATE |
| AL | ALTER | CONTRACT |
| AL | ALTER | DATABASE |
| AL | ALTER 适用于：SQL Server 2017 (14.x) 及更高版本和 Azure SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL |
| AL | ALTER | ENDPOINT |
| AL | ALTER | FULLTEXT CATALOG |
| AL | ALTER | FULLTEXT STOPLIST |
| AL | ALTER | LOGIN |
| AL | ALTER | MESSAGE TYPE |
| AL | ALTER | OBJECT |
| AL | ALTER | REMOTE SERVICE BINDING |
| AL | ALTER | ROLE |
| AL | ALTER | ROUTE |
| AL | ALTER | SCHEMA |
| AL | ALTER | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST |
| AL | ALTER 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER ROLE |
| AL | ALTER | SERVICE |
| AL | ALTER | SYMMETRIC KEY |
| AL | ALTER | USER |
| AL | ALTER | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION |
| ALAA | ALTER ANY SERVER AUDIT | SERVER |
| ALAG | ALTER ANY AVAILABILITY GROUP 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| ALAK | ALTER ANY ASYMMETRIC KEY | DATABASE |
| ALAR | ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE | DATABASE |
| ALAS | ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY | DATABASE |
| ALCD | ALTER ANY CREDENTIAL | SERVER |
| ALCF | ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE | DATABASE |
| ALCK | ALTER ANY COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| ALCM | ALTER ANY COLUMN MASTER KEY 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| ALCO | ALTER ANY CONNECTION | SERVER |
| ALDA | ALTER ANY DATABASE AUDIT | DATABASE |
| ALDB | ALTER ANY DATABASE | SERVER |
| ALDC | ALTER ANY DATABASE SCOPED CONFIGURATION 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| ALDS | ALTER ANY DATASPACE | DATABASE |
| ALED | ALTER ANY DATABASE EVENT NOTIFICATION | DATABASE |
| ALES | ALTER ANY EVENT NOTIFICATION | SERVER |
| ALFT | ALTER ANY FULLTEXT CATALOG | DATABASE |
| ALHE | ALTER ANY ENDPOINT | SERVER |
| ALLG | ALTER ANY LOGIN | SERVER |
| ALLS | ALTER ANY LINKED SERVER | SERVER |
| ALMT | ALTER ANY MESSAGE TYPE | DATABASE |
| ALRL | ALTER ANY ROLE | DATABASE |
| ALRS | ALTER RESOURCES | SERVER |
| ALRT | ALTER ANY ROUTE | DATABASE |
| ALSB | ALTER ANY REMOTE SERVICE BINDING | DATABASE |
| ALSC | ALTER ANY CONTRACT | DATABASE |
| ALSK | ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY | DATABASE |
| ALSM | ALTER ANY SCHEMA | DATABASE |
| ALSP | 更改任何安全策略 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| ALSR | ALTER ANY SERVER ROLE 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| ALSS | ALTER SERVER STATE | SERVER |
| ALST | ALTER SETTINGS | SERVER |
| ALSV | ALTER ANY SERVICE | DATABASE |
| ALTG | ALTER ANY DATABASE DDL TRIGGER | DATABASE |
| ALTR | ALTER TRACE | SERVER |
| ALUS | ALTER ANY USER | DATABASE |
| AUTH | AUTHENTICATE | DATABASE |
| AUTH | AUTHENTICATE SERVER | SERVER |
| BADB | BACKUP DATABASE | DATABASE |
| BALO | BACKUP LOG | DATABASE |
| CADB | CONNECT ANY DATABASE 适用于：SQL Server 2014 (12.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| CL | CONTROL | APPLICATION ROLE |
| CL | CONTROL | ASSEMBLY |
| CL | CONTROL | ASYMMETRIC KEY |
| CL | CONTROL 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
AVAILABILITY GROUP |
| CL | CONTROL | CERTIFICATE |
| CL | CONTROL | CONTRACT |
| CL | CONTROL | DATABASE |
| CL | CONTROL 适用于：SQL Server 2017 (14.x) 及更高版本和 Azure SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL |
| CL | CONTROL | ENDPOINT |
| CL | CONTROL | FULLTEXT CATALOG |
| CL | CONTROL | FULLTEXT STOPLIST |
| CL | CONTROL | LOGIN |
| CL | CONTROL | MESSAGE TYPE |
| CL | CONTROL | OBJECT |
| CL | CONTROL | REMOTE SERVICE BINDING |
| CL | CONTROL | ROLE |
| CL | CONTROL | ROUTE |
| CL | CONTROL | SCHEMA |
| CL | CONTROL | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST |
| CL | CONTROL SERVER | SERVER |
| CL | CONTROL 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER ROLE |
| CL | CONTROL | SERVICE |
| CL | CONTROL | SYMMETRIC KEY |
| CL | CONTROL | TYPE |
| CL | CONTROL | USER |
| CL | CONTROL | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION |
| CO | CONNECT | DATABASE |
| CO | CONNECT | ENDPOINT |
| CORP | CONNECT REPLICATION | DATABASE |
| COSQ | CONNECT SQL | SERVER |
| CP | CHECKPOINT | DATABASE |
| CRAC | CREATE AVAILABILITY GROUP 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| CRAG | CREATE AGGREGATE | DATABASE |
| CRAK | CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY | DATABASE |
| CRAS | CREATE ASSEMBLY | DATABASE |
| CRCF | CREATE CERTIFICATE | DATABASE |
| CRDB | CREATE ANY DATABASE | SERVER |
| CRDB | CREATE DATABASE | DATABASE |
| CRDE | CREATE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION | SERVER |
| CRDF | CREATE DEFAULT | DATABASE |
| CRED | CREATE DATABASE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION | DATABASE |
| CRFN | CREATE FUNCTION | DATABASE |
| CRFT | CREATE FULLTEXT CATALOG | DATABASE |
| CRHE | CREATE ENDPOINT | SERVER |
| CRMT | CREATE MESSAGE TYPE | DATABASE |
| CRPR | CREATE PROCEDURE | DATABASE |
| CRQU | CREATE QUEUE | DATABASE |
| CRRL | CREATE ROLE | DATABASE |
| CRRT | CREATE ROUTE | DATABASE |
| CRRU | CREATE RULE | DATABASE |
| CRSB | CREATE REMOTE SERVICE BINDING | DATABASE |
| CRSC | CREATE CONTRACT | DATABASE |
| CRSK | CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY | DATABASE |
| CRSM | CREATE SCHEMA | DATABASE |
| CRSN | CREATE SYNONYM | DATABASE |
| CRSO | CREATE SEQUENCE | SCHEMA |
| CRSR | CREATE SERVER ROLE 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| CRSV | CREATE SERVICE | DATABASE |
| CRTB | CREATE TABLE | DATABASE |
| CRTE | CREATE TRACE EVENT NOTIFICATION | SERVER |
| CRTY | CREATE TYPE | DATABASE |
| CRVW | CREATE VIEW | DATABASE |
| CRXS | CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION | DATABASE |
| DABO | ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS 适用对象：SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE |
| DL | DELETE | DATABASE |
| DL | DELETE | OBJECT |
| DL | DELETE | SCHEMA |
| EAES | EXECUTE ANY EXTERNAL SCRIPT 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| EX | 执行 | DATABASE |
| EX | 执行 | OBJECT |
| EX | 执行 | SCHEMA |
| EX | 执行 | TYPE |
| EX | 执行 | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION |
| IAL | IMPERSONATE ANY LOGIN 适用于：SQL Server 2014 (12.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| IM | IMPERSONATE | LOGIN |
| IM | IMPERSONATE | USER |
| IN | INSERT | DATABASE |
| IN | INSERT | OBJECT |
| IN | INSERT | SCHEMA |
| KIDC | KILL DATABASE CONNECTION 适用于： Azure SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE |
| RC | RECEIVE | OBJECT |
| RF | REFERENCES | ASSEMBLY |
| RF | REFERENCES | ASYMMETRIC KEY |
| RF | REFERENCES | CERTIFICATE |
| RF | REFERENCES | CONTRACT |
| RF | REFERENCES | DATABASE |
| RF | REFERENCES 适用于：SQL Server 2017 (14.x) 及更高版本和 Azure SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL |
| RF | REFERENCES | FULLTEXT CATALOG |
| RF | REFERENCES | FULLTEXT STOPLIST |
| RF | REFERENCES | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST |
| RF | REFERENCES | MESSAGE TYPE |
| RF | REFERENCES | OBJECT |
| RF | REFERENCES | SCHEMA |
| RF | REFERENCES | SYMMETRIC KEY |
| RF | REFERENCES | TYPE |
| RF | REFERENCES | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION |
| SHDN | SHUTDOWN | SERVER |
| SL | SELECT | DATABASE |
| SL | SELECT | OBJECT |
| SL | SELECT | SCHEMA |
| SN | SEND | SERVICE |
| SPLN | SHOWPLAN | DATABASE |
| SUQN | SUBSCRIBE QUERY NOTIFICATIONS | DATABASE |
| SUS | SELECT ALL USER SECURABLES 适用于：SQL Server 2014 (12.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | ASSEMBLY |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | ASYMMETRIC KEY |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
AVAILABILITY GROUP |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | CERTIFICATE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | CONTRACT |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | DATABASE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP 适用于：SQL Server 2017 (14.x) 及更高版本和 Azure SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | ENDPOINT |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | FULLTEXT CATALOG |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | FULLTEXT STOPLIST |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | MESSAGE TYPE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | OBJECT |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | REMOTE SERVICE BINDING |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | ROLE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | ROUTE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | SCHEMA |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER ROLE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | SERVICE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | SYMMETRIC KEY |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | TYPE |
| TO | TAKE OWNERSHIP | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION |
| UMSK | UNMASK 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| UP | UPDATE | DATABASE |
| UP | UPDATE | OBJECT |
| UP | UPDATE | SCHEMA |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | APPLICATION ROLE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | ASSEMBLY |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | ASYMMETRIC KEY |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
AVAILABILITY GROUP |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | CERTIFICATE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | CONTRACT |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | DATABASE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION 适用于：SQL Server 2017 (14.x) 及更高版本和 Azure SQL 数据库。 |
DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | ENDPOINT |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | FULLTEXT CATALOG |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | FULLTEXT STOPLIST |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | LOGIN |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | MESSAGE TYPE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | OBJECT |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | REMOTE SERVICE BINDING |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | ROLE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | ROUTE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | SCHEMA |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | SEARCH PROPERTY LIST |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION 适用于：SQL Server 2012 (11.x) 及更高版本。 |
SERVER ROLE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | SERVICE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | SYMMETRIC KEY |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | TYPE |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | USER |
| VW | VIEW DEFINITION | XML SCHEMA COLLECTION |
| VWAD | VIEW ANY DEFINITION | SERVER |
| VWCK | VIEW ANY COLUMN ENCRYPTION KEY DEFINITION 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| VWCM | VIEW ANY COLUMN MASTER KEY DEFINITION 适用于：SQL Server 2016 (13.x) 及更高版本。 |
DATABASE |
| VWCT | VIEW CHANGE TRACKING | OBJECT |
| VWCT | VIEW CHANGE TRACKING | SCHEMA |
| VWDB | VIEW ANY DATABASE | SERVER |
| VWDS | VIEW DATABASE STATE | DATABASE |
| VWSS | VIEW SERVER STATE | SERVER |
| XA | EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY | SERVER |
| XU | UNSAFE ASSEMBLY | SERVER |
注解
sys.fn_builtin_permissions 是一个表值函数，它可以产生预定义权限层次结构的副本。 此层次结构包含涵盖权限。 DEFAULT结果集描述权限层次结构的有向无环图，根为 （class = SERVER， permission = CONTROL SERVER） 。
sys.fn_builtin_permissions 不接受相关参数。
使用无效类名调用 sys.fn_builtin_permissions 时，它返回一个空集。
下图显示了权限以及它们彼此之间的关系。 多次列出了某些更高级别的权限（如 CONTROL SERVER）。 在本文中，海报太小了，因此无法查看。 你可以下载 PDF 格式的完整数据库引擎权限文章。
权限
要求具有 public 角色的成员身份。
示例
A. 列出所有内置权限
使用 DEFAULT 或空字符串返回所有权限。
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions('');
B. 列出可在对称密钥上设置的权限
指定一个类以返回该类的所有可能权限。
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(N'SYMMETRIC KEY');
°C 列出具有 SELECT 权限的类
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT)
WHERE permission_name = 'SELECT';