使用反射访问特性（C# 和 Visual Basic）
如果没有检索自定义特性的信息和对其进行操作的方法，则定义自定义特性并将其放置在源代码中就没有意义。使用反射，可检索用自定义特性定义的信息。主要方法是 GetCustomAttributes，它返回对象数组，这些对象在运行时等效于源代码特性。此方法具有多个重载版本。有关更多信息，请参见 Attribute。
特性规范，如：
<Author("P. Ackerman", Version:=1.1)>
Class SampleClass
' P. Ackerman's code goes here...
End Class
[Author("P. Ackerman", version = 1.1)]
class SampleClass
在概念上等效于：
Dim anonymousAuthorObject As Author = New Author("P. Ackerman")
anonymousAuthorObject.version = 1.1
Author anonymousAuthorObject = new Author("P. Ackerman");
anonymousAuthorObject.version = 1.1;
但是，直到查询 SampleClass 来获取特性后才会执行此代码。对 SampleClass 调用 GetCustomAttributes 会导致按上述方式构造并初始化一个 Author 对象。如果该类具有其他特性，则按相似的方式构造其他特性对象。然后 GetCustomAttributes 返回 Author 对象和数组中的任何其他特性对象。之后就可以对此数组进行迭代，确定根据每个数组元素的类型所应用的特性，并从特性对象中提取信息。
示例
下面是一个完整的示例。定义一个自定义特性，将其应用于若干实体并通过反射进行检索。
' Multiuse attribute
<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class Or
System.AttributeTargets.Struct,
AllowMultiple:=True)>
Public Class Author
Inherits System.Attribute
Private name As String
Public version As Double
Sub New(ByVal authorName As String)
name = authorName
' Default value
version = 1.0
End Sub
Function GetName() As String
Return name
End Function
End Class
' Class with the Author attribute
<Author("P. Ackerman")>
Public Class FirstClass
End Class
' Class without the Author attribute
Public Class SecondClass
End Class
' Class with multiple Author attributes.
<Author("P. Ackerman"), Author("R. Koch", Version:=2.0)>
Public Class ThirdClass
End Class
Class TestAuthorAttribute
Sub Main()
PrintAuthorInfo(GetType(FirstClass))
PrintAuthorInfo(GetType(SecondClass))
PrintAuthorInfo(GetType(ThirdClass))
End Sub
Private Shared Sub PrintAuthorInfo(ByVal t As System.Type)
System.Console.WriteLine("Author information for {0}", t)
' Using reflection
Dim attrs() As System.Attribute = System.Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(t)
' Displaying output
For Each attr In attrs
Dim a As Author = CType(attr, Author)
System.Console.WriteLine(" {0}, version {1:f}", a.GetName(), a.version)
Next
End Sub
' Output:
' Author information for FirstClass
' P. Ackerman, version 1.00
' Author information for SecondClass
' Author information for ThirdClass
' R. Koch, version 2.00
' P. Ackerman, version 1.00
End Class
// Multiuse attribute.
[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class |
System.AttributeTargets.Struct,
AllowMultiple = true) // Multiuse attribute.
]
public class Author : System.Attribute
{
string name;
public double version;
public Author(string name)
{
this.name = name;
// Default value.
version = 1.0;
}
public string GetName()
{
return name;
}
}
// Class with the Author attribute.
[Author("P. Ackerman")]
public class FirstClass
{
// ...
}
// Class without the Author attribute.
public class SecondClass
{
// ...
}
// Class with multiple Author attributes.
[Author("P. Ackerman"), Author("R. Koch", version = 2.0)]
public class ThirdClass
{
// ...
}
class TestAuthorAttribute
{
static void Test()
{
PrintAuthorInfo(typeof(FirstClass));
PrintAuthorInfo(typeof(SecondClass));
PrintAuthorInfo(typeof(ThirdClass));
}
private static void PrintAuthorInfo(System.Type t)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Author information for {0}", t);
// Using reflection.
System.Attribute[] attrs = System.Attribute.GetCustomAttributes(t); // Reflection.
// Displaying output.
foreach (System.Attribute attr in attrs)
{
if (attr is Author)
{
Author a = (Author)attr;
System.Console.WriteLine(" {0}, version {1:f}", a.GetName(), a.version);
}
}
}
}
/* Output:
Author information for FirstClass
P. Ackerman, version 1.00
Author information for SecondClass
Author information for ThirdClass
R. Koch, version 2.00
P. Ackerman, version 1.00
*/