演练：创建图像处理网络

本文档演示如何创建执行图像处理的异步消息块网络。

此网络根据图像的特性确定对其执行何种操作。本示例使用数据流模型在网络上路由图像。在数据流模型中，程序的各个独立组件通过发送消息来互相通信。当某个组件收到消息时，它可以执行某项操作然后将该操作的结果传递给另一个组件。相比之下，在控制流模型中，应用程序使用控制结构（例如条件语句和循环等等）控制程序中操作的顺序。

基于数据流的网络创建任务的管道。管道的每个阶段并发执行整个任务的一部分。与此类似的是汽车制造的装配线。每辆汽车通过装配线时，一站组装车架，另一站则安装引擎，以此类推。通过同时装配多辆汽车，装配线比一次装配整辆车拥有更高的产出。

系统必备

在开始本演练之前，请阅读下列文档：

• 异步消息块

• 如何：使用消息块筛选器

• 演练：创建数据流代理

建议您在开始本演练之前先了解 GDI+ 的基础知识。有关 GDI+ 的更多信息，请参见 GDI+。

各节内容

本演练包含以下各节：

• 定义图像处理功能

• 创建图像处理网络

• 完整示例

定义图像处理功能

本节介绍图像处理网络用于处理从磁盘读取的图像的支持函数。

GetRGB 和 MakeColor 函数分别提取和组合指定颜色的单个组件。

// Retrieves the red, green, and blue components from the given
// color value.
void GetRGB(DWORD color, BYTE& r, BYTE& g, BYTE& b)
{
   r = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
   g = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
   b = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x000000ff));
}

// Creates a single color value from the provided red, green, 
// and blue components.
DWORD MakeColor(BYTE r, BYTE g, BYTE b)
{
   return (r<<16) | (g<<8) | (b);
}

ProcessImage 函数调用指定的 std::function 对象，以转换 GDI+ 位图对象中每个像素的颜色值。ProcessImage函数使用 concurrency::parallel_for 算法处理并行的位图中的每一行。

// Calls the provided function for each pixel in a Bitmap object.
void ProcessImage(Bitmap* bmp, const function<void (DWORD&)>& f)
{
   int width = bmp->GetWidth();
   int height = bmp->GetHeight();

   // Lock the bitmap.
   BitmapData bitmapData;
   Rect rect(0, 0, bmp->GetWidth(), bmp->GetHeight());
   bmp->LockBits(&rect, ImageLockModeWrite, PixelFormat32bppRGB, &bitmapData);

   // Get a pointer to the bitmap data.
   DWORD* image_bits = (DWORD*)bitmapData.Scan0;

   // Call the function for each pixel in the image.
   parallel_for (0, height, [&, width](int y)
   {      
      for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
      {
         // Get the current pixel value.
         DWORD* curr_pixel = image_bits + (y * width) + x;

         // Call the function.
         f(*curr_pixel);
      }
   });

   // Unlock the bitmap.
   bmp->UnlockBits(&bitmapData);
}

Grayscale、Sepiatone、ColorMask 和 Darken 函数调用 ProcessImage 函数，转换 Bitmap 对象中每个像素的颜色值。所有这些函数都使用 lambda 表达式，来定义一个像素的颜色转换。

// Converts the given image to grayscale.
Bitmap* Grayscale(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);

         // Set each color component to the average of 
         // the original components.
         BYTE c = (static_cast<WORD>(r) + g + b) / 3;
         color = MakeColor(c, c, c);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies sepia toning to the provided image.
Bitmap* Sepiatone(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r0, g0, b0;
         GetRGB(color, r0, g0, b0);

         WORD r1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .393) + (g0 *.769) + (b0 * .189));
         WORD g1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .349) + (g0 *.686) + (b0 * .168));
         WORD b1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .272) + (g0 *.534) + (b0 * .131));

         color = MakeColor(min(0xff, r1), min(0xff, g1), min(0xff, b1));
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies the given color mask to each pixel in the provided image.
Bitmap* ColorMask(Bitmap* bmp, DWORD mask)
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [mask](DWORD& color) {
         color = color & mask;
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Darkens the provided image by the given amount.
Bitmap* Darken(Bitmap* bmp, unsigned int percent)
{
   if (percent > 100)
      throw invalid_argument("Darken: percent must less than 100.");

   double factor = percent / 100.0;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [factor](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         r = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*r);
         g = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*g);
         b = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*b);
         color = MakeColor(r, g, b);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

GetColorDominance 函数也调用 ProcessImage 函数。但是，此函数使用的而不是更改的每种颜色值， concurrency::combinable 计算的红色、 绿色或蓝色成分是否支配着图像对象。

// Determines which color component (red, green, or blue) is most dominant
// in the given image and returns a corresponding color mask.
DWORD GetColorDominance(Bitmap* bmp)
{
   // The ProcessImage function processes the image in parallel.
   // The following combinable objects enable the callback function
   // to increment the color counts without using a lock.
   combinable<unsigned int> reds;
   combinable<unsigned int> greens;
   combinable<unsigned int> blues;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [&](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         if (r >= g && r >= b)
            reds.local()++;
         else if (g >= r && g >= b)
            greens.local()++;
         else
            blues.local()++;
      }
   );

   // Determine which color is dominant and return the corresponding
   // color mask.

   unsigned int r = reds.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int g = greens.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int b = blues.combine(plus<unsigned int>());

   if (r + r >= g + b)
      return 0x00ff0000;
   else if (g + g >= r + b)
      return 0x0000ff00;
   else
      return 0x000000ff;
}

GetEncoderClsid 函数检索编码器的指定 MIME 类型的类标识符。应用程序使用该函数检索位图的编码器。

// Retrieves the class identifier for the given MIME type of an encoder.
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
   UINT  num = 0;          // number of image encoders
   UINT  size = 0;         // size of the image encoder array in bytes

   ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = nullptr;

   GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
   if(size == 0)
      return -1;  // Failure

   pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
   if(pImageCodecInfo == nullptr)
      return -1;  // Failure

   GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

   for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
   {
      if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
      {
         *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
         free(pImageCodecInfo);
         return j;  // Success
      }    
   }

   free(pImageCodecInfo);
   return -1;  // Failure
}

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创建图像处理网络

本节介绍如何创建对指定目录中每个 JPEG (.jpg) 图像执行图像处理的异步消息块网络。此网络会执行以下图像处理操作：

1. 将 Tom 创作的所有图像都转换为灰阶。

2. 对于以红色为主色的任何图像，删除绿色和蓝色组件，然后调暗图像。

3. 对其他所有图像应用棕褐色调。

此网络仅应用符合其中一个条件的第一个图像处理操作。例如，如果图像由 Tom 创作而且以红色为主色，则只会将该图像转换为灰阶。

网络执行每个图像处理操作后，它会将图像作为位图 (.bmp) 文件保存到磁盘。

以下步骤演示如何创建实现该图像处理网络，并将该网络应用到指定目录中所有 JPEG 图像的函数。

创建图像处理网络

1. 创建接受磁盘上目录名称的函数 ProcessImages。

   void ProcessImages(const wstring& directory)
   {
   }
   

2. 在 ProcessImages 函数中，创建 countdown_event 变量。本演示稍后将会演示 countdown_event 类。

   // Holds the number of active image processing operations and 
   // signals to the main thread that processing is complete.
   countdown_event active(0);
   

3. 创建将 Bitmap 对象与其原始文件名关联的 std::map 对象。

   // Maps Bitmap objects to their original file names.
   map<Bitmap*, wstring> bitmap_file_names;
   

4. 添加以下代码以定义图像处理网络的成员。

   //
   // Create the nodes of the network.
   //
   
   // Loads Bitmap objects from disk.
   transformer<wstring, Bitmap*> load_bitmap(
      [&](wstring file_name) -> Bitmap* {
         Bitmap* bmp = new Bitmap(file_name.c_str());
         if (bmp != nullptr)
            bitmap_file_names.insert(make_pair(bmp, file_name));
         return bmp;
      }
   );
   
   // Holds loaded Bitmap objects.
   unbounded_buffer<Bitmap*> loaded_bitmaps;
   
   // Converts images that are authored by Tom to grayscale.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> grayscale(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Grayscale(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool {
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;
   
         // Retrieve the artist name from metadata.
         UINT size = bmp->GetPropertyItemSize(PropertyTagArtist);
         if (size == 0)
            // Image does not have the Artist property.
            return false;
   
         PropertyItem* artistProperty = (PropertyItem*) malloc(size);
         bmp->GetPropertyItem(PropertyTagArtist, size, artistProperty);
         string artist(reinterpret_cast<char*>(artistProperty->value));
         free(artistProperty);
   
         return (artist.find("Tom ") == 0);
      }
   );
   
   // Removes the green and blue color components from images that have red as
   // their dominant color.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> colormask(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return ColorMask(bmp, 0x00ff0000);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { 
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;
         return (GetColorDominance(bmp) == 0x00ff0000);
      }
   );
   
   // Darkens the color of the provided Bitmap object.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> darken([](Bitmap* bmp) {
      return Darken(bmp, 50);
   });
   
   // Applies sepia toning to the remaining images.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> sepiatone(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Sepiatone(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { return bmp != nullptr; }
   );
   
   // Saves Bitmap objects to disk.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> save_bitmap([&](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {
      // Replace the file extension with .bmp.
      wstring file_name = bitmap_file_names[bmp];
      file_name.replace(file_name.rfind(L'.') + 1, 3, L"bmp");
   
      // Save the processed image.
      CLSID bmpClsid;
      GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &bmpClsid);      
      bmp->Save(file_name.c_str(), &bmpClsid);
   
      return bmp;
   });
   
   // Deletes Bitmap objects.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> delete_bitmap([](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {      
      delete bmp;
      return nullptr;
   });
   
   // Decrements the event counter.
   call<Bitmap*> decrement([&](Bitmap* _) {      
      active.signal();
   });
   

5. 添加以下代码以连接网络。

   //
   // Connect the network.
   //   
   
   load_bitmap.link_target(&loaded_bitmaps);
   
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&grayscale);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&colormask);   
   colormask.link_target(&darken);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&sepiatone);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&decrement);
   
   grayscale.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   darken.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   sepiatone.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   
   save_bitmap.link_target(&delete_bitmap);
   delete_bitmap.link_target(&decrement);
   

6. 添加以下代码以将目录中每个 JPEG 文件的完整路径发送给网络头。

   // Traverse all files in the directory.
   wstring searchPattern = directory;
   searchPattern.append(L"\\*");
   
   WIN32_FIND_DATA fileFindData;
   HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(searchPattern.c_str(), &fileFindData);
   if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
      return;
   do
   {
      if (!(fileFindData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
      {
         wstring file = fileFindData.cFileName;
   
         // Process only JPEG files.
         if (file.rfind(L".jpg") == file.length() - 4)
         {
            // Form the full path to the file.
            wstring full_path(directory);
            full_path.append(L"\\");
            full_path.append(file);
   
            // Increment the count of work items.
            active.add_count();
   
            // Send the path name to the network.
            send(load_bitmap, full_path);
         }
      }
   }
   while (FindNextFile(hFind, &fileFindData) != 0); 
   FindClose(hFind);
   

7. 等待 countdown_event 变量到 0。

   // Wait for all operations to finish.
   active.wait();
   

下表描述了网络中的成员。

成员	说明
load_bitmap	A concurrency::transformer 对象，它将加载Bitmap磁盘的对象，并添加一个条目，以map图像文件的原始文件名相关联的对象。
loaded_bitmaps	A concurrency::unbounded_buffer 发送已加载的图像的图像处理筛选器的对象。
grayscale	一个 transformer 对象，它将 Tom 创作的图像转换为灰阶。它使用图像的元数据确定图像作者。
colormask	一个 transformer 对象，它将从以红色为主色的图像中删除绿色和蓝色组件。
darken	一个 transformer 对象，它将调暗以红色为主色的图像。
sepiatone	一个 transformer 对象，它将对不是由 Tom 创作且主色不是红色的图像应用棕褐色调。
save_bitmap	一个 transformer 对象，它将处理过的 image 作为位图保存到磁盘。save_bitmap 从 map 对象检索原始文件名，并将其文件扩展名更改为 .bmp。
delete_bitmap	一个 transformer 对象，它释放图像的内存。
decrement	A concurrency::call 对象，可以在网络中的终端节点。它通过递减 countdown_event 对象，向主应用程序传递已处理完一个图像的信号。

loaded_bitmaps 消息缓冲区很重要，因为作为 unbounded_buffer 对象，它可将 Bitmap 对象提供给多个接收者。当目标块接受 Bitmap 对象时，unbounded_buffer 对象不会再将该 Bitmap 对象提供给任何其他目标。因此，您将对象链接到 unbounded_buffer 对象的顺序很重要。grayscale、colormask 和 sepiatone 消息块都各使用一个筛选器，以便只接受特定的 Bitmap 对象。decrement 消息缓冲区是 loaded_bitmaps 消息缓冲区的一个重要目标，因为它接受被其他消息缓冲区拒绝的所有 Bitmap 对象。需要 unbounded_buffer 对象来按顺序传播消息。因此，unbounded_buffer 对象会阻止操作，直到有新目标块链接到它，并且如果当前没有目标块接受该消息，它会接受该消息。

如果应用程序需要多个消息块处理该消息，而不仅仅是第一个接受该消息的消息块，则您可以使用其他消息块类型（例如 overwrite_buffer）。overwrite_buffer 类每次容纳一条消息，但它会将该消息传播到其每个目标。

下图显示图像处理网络：

本示例中的 countdown_event 对象使图像处理网络能在处理完所有图像后通知主应用程序。countdown_event类使用 concurrency::event 对象计数器值达到零时发出信号。主应用程序每次将文件名发送到网络时都会递增计数器。网络的终端节点在处理完每个图像后会递减计数器。主应用程序遍历指定的目录后，它会等待 countdown_event 对象发送计数器已到 0 的信号。

下面的示例演示 countdown_event 类：

// A synchronization primitive that is signaled when its 
// count reaches zero.
class countdown_event
{
public:
   countdown_event(unsigned int count = 0)
      : _current(static_cast<long>(count)) 
   {
      // Set the event if the initial count is zero.
      if (_current == 0L)
         _event.set();
   }

   // Decrements the event counter.
   void signal() {
      if(InterlockedDecrement(&_current) == 0L) {
         _event.set();
      }
   }

   // Increments the event counter.
   void add_count() {
      if(InterlockedIncrement(&_current) == 1L) {
         _event.reset();
      }
   }

   // Blocks the current context until the event is set.
   void wait() {
      _event.wait();
   }

private:
   // The current count.
   volatile long _current;
   // The event that is set when the counter reaches zero.
   event _event;

   // Disable copy constructor.
   countdown_event(const countdown_event&);
   // Disable assignment.
   countdown_event const & operator=(countdown_event const&);
};

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完整示例

下面的代码显示完整的示例。wmain 函数管理 GDI+ 库并调用 ProcessImages 函数，以便处理 Sample Pictures 目录中的 JPEG 文件。

// image-processing-network.cpp
// compile with: /DUNICODE /EHsc image-processing-network.cpp /link gdiplus.lib
#include <windows.h>
#include <gdiplus.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <agents.h>
#include <ppl.h>

using namespace concurrency;
using namespace Gdiplus;
using namespace std;

// Retrieves the red, green, and blue components from the given
// color value.
void GetRGB(DWORD color, BYTE& r, BYTE& g, BYTE& b)
{
   r = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
   g = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
   b = static_cast<BYTE>((color & 0x000000ff));
}

// Creates a single color value from the provided red, green, 
// and blue components.
DWORD MakeColor(BYTE r, BYTE g, BYTE b)
{
   return (r<<16) | (g<<8) | (b);
}

// Calls the provided function for each pixel in a Bitmap object.
void ProcessImage(Bitmap* bmp, const function<void (DWORD&)>& f)
{
   int width = bmp->GetWidth();
   int height = bmp->GetHeight();

   // Lock the bitmap.
   BitmapData bitmapData;
   Rect rect(0, 0, bmp->GetWidth(), bmp->GetHeight());
   bmp->LockBits(&rect, ImageLockModeWrite, PixelFormat32bppRGB, &bitmapData);

   // Get a pointer to the bitmap data.
   DWORD* image_bits = (DWORD*)bitmapData.Scan0;

   // Call the function for each pixel in the image.
   parallel_for (0, height, [&, width](int y)
   {      
      for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
      {
         // Get the current pixel value.
         DWORD* curr_pixel = image_bits + (y * width) + x;

         // Call the function.
         f(*curr_pixel);
      }
   });

   // Unlock the bitmap.
   bmp->UnlockBits(&bitmapData);
}

// Converts the given image to grayscale.
Bitmap* Grayscale(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);

         // Set each color component to the average of 
         // the original components.
         BYTE c = (static_cast<WORD>(r) + g + b) / 3;
         color = MakeColor(c, c, c);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies sepia toning to the provided image.
Bitmap* Sepiatone(Bitmap* bmp) 
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r0, g0, b0;
         GetRGB(color, r0, g0, b0);

         WORD r1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .393) + (g0 *.769) + (b0 * .189));
         WORD g1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .349) + (g0 *.686) + (b0 * .168));
         WORD b1 = static_cast<WORD>((r0 * .272) + (g0 *.534) + (b0 * .131));

         color = MakeColor(min(0xff, r1), min(0xff, g1), min(0xff, b1));
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Applies the given color mask to each pixel in the provided image.
Bitmap* ColorMask(Bitmap* bmp, DWORD mask)
{
   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [mask](DWORD& color) {
         color = color & mask;
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Darkens the provided image by the given amount.
Bitmap* Darken(Bitmap* bmp, unsigned int percent)
{
   if (percent > 100)
      throw invalid_argument("Darken: percent must less than 100.");

   double factor = percent / 100.0;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [factor](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         r = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*r);
         g = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*g);
         b = static_cast<BYTE>(factor*b);
         color = MakeColor(r, g, b);
      }
   );
   return bmp;
}

// Determines which color component (red, green, or blue) is most dominant
// in the given image and returns a corresponding color mask.
DWORD GetColorDominance(Bitmap* bmp)
{
   // The ProcessImage function processes the image in parallel.
   // The following combinable objects enable the callback function
   // to increment the color counts without using a lock.
   combinable<unsigned int> reds;
   combinable<unsigned int> greens;
   combinable<unsigned int> blues;

   ProcessImage(bmp, 
      [&](DWORD& color) {
         BYTE r, g, b;
         GetRGB(color, r, g, b);
         if (r >= g && r >= b)
            reds.local()++;
         else if (g >= r && g >= b)
            greens.local()++;
         else
            blues.local()++;
      }
   );

   // Determine which color is dominant and return the corresponding
   // color mask.

   unsigned int r = reds.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int g = greens.combine(plus<unsigned int>());
   unsigned int b = blues.combine(plus<unsigned int>());

   if (r + r >= g + b)
      return 0x00ff0000;
   else if (g + g >= r + b)
      return 0x0000ff00;
   else
      return 0x000000ff;
}

// Retrieves the class identifier for the given MIME type of an encoder.
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
   UINT  num = 0;          // number of image encoders
   UINT  size = 0;         // size of the image encoder array in bytes

   ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = nullptr;

   GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
   if(size == 0)
      return -1;  // Failure

   pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
   if(pImageCodecInfo == nullptr)
      return -1;  // Failure

   GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);

   for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
   {
      if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
      {
         *pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
         free(pImageCodecInfo);
         return j;  // Success
      }    
   }

   free(pImageCodecInfo);
   return -1;  // Failure
}

// A synchronization primitive that is signaled when its 
// count reaches zero.
class countdown_event
{
public:
   countdown_event(unsigned int count = 0)
      : _current(static_cast<long>(count)) 
   {
      // Set the event if the initial count is zero.
      if (_current == 0L)
         _event.set();
   }

   // Decrements the event counter.
   void signal() {
      if(InterlockedDecrement(&_current) == 0L) {
         _event.set();
      }
   }

   // Increments the event counter.
   void add_count() {
      if(InterlockedIncrement(&_current) == 1L) {
         _event.reset();
      }
   }

   // Blocks the current context until the event is set.
   void wait() {
      _event.wait();
   }

private:
   // The current count.
   volatile long _current;
   // The event that is set when the counter reaches zero.
   event _event;

   // Disable copy constructor.
   countdown_event(const countdown_event&);
   // Disable assignment.
   countdown_event const & operator=(countdown_event const&);
};

// Demonstrates how to set up a message network that performs a series of 
// image processing operations on each JPEG image in the given directory and
// saves each altered image as a Windows bitmap.
void ProcessImages(const wstring& directory)
{
   // Holds the number of active image processing operations and 
   // signals to the main thread that processing is complete.
   countdown_event active(0);

   // Maps Bitmap objects to their original file names.
   map<Bitmap*, wstring> bitmap_file_names;

   //
   // Create the nodes of the network.
   //

   // Loads Bitmap objects from disk.
   transformer<wstring, Bitmap*> load_bitmap(
      [&](wstring file_name) -> Bitmap* {
         Bitmap* bmp = new Bitmap(file_name.c_str());
         if (bmp != nullptr)
            bitmap_file_names.insert(make_pair(bmp, file_name));
         return bmp;
      }
   );

   // Holds loaded Bitmap objects.
   unbounded_buffer<Bitmap*> loaded_bitmaps;

   // Converts images that are authored by Tom to grayscale.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> grayscale(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Grayscale(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool {
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;

         // Retrieve the artist name from metadata.
         UINT size = bmp->GetPropertyItemSize(PropertyTagArtist);
         if (size == 0)
            // Image does not have the Artist property.
            return false;

         PropertyItem* artistProperty = (PropertyItem*) malloc(size);
         bmp->GetPropertyItem(PropertyTagArtist, size, artistProperty);
         string artist(reinterpret_cast<char*>(artistProperty->value));
         free(artistProperty);

         return (artist.find("Tom ") == 0);
      }
   );

   // Removes the green and blue color components from images that have red as
   // their dominant color.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> colormask(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return ColorMask(bmp, 0x00ff0000);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { 
         if (bmp == nullptr)
            return false;
         return (GetColorDominance(bmp) == 0x00ff0000);
      }
   );

   // Darkens the color of the provided Bitmap object.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> darken([](Bitmap* bmp) {
      return Darken(bmp, 50);
   });

   // Applies sepia toning to the remaining images.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> sepiatone(
      [](Bitmap* bmp) {
         return Sepiatone(bmp);
      },
      nullptr,
      [](Bitmap* bmp) -> bool { return bmp != nullptr; }
   );

   // Saves Bitmap objects to disk.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> save_bitmap([&](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {
      // Replace the file extension with .bmp.
      wstring file_name = bitmap_file_names[bmp];
      file_name.replace(file_name.rfind(L'.') + 1, 3, L"bmp");

      // Save the processed image.
      CLSID bmpClsid;
      GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &bmpClsid);      
      bmp->Save(file_name.c_str(), &bmpClsid);

      return bmp;
   });

   // Deletes Bitmap objects.
   transformer<Bitmap*, Bitmap*> delete_bitmap([](Bitmap* bmp) -> Bitmap* {      
      delete bmp;
      return nullptr;
   });

   // Decrements the event counter.
   call<Bitmap*> decrement([&](Bitmap* _) {      
      active.signal();
   });

   //
   // Connect the network.
   //   

   load_bitmap.link_target(&loaded_bitmaps);

   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&grayscale);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&colormask);   
   colormask.link_target(&darken);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&sepiatone);
   loaded_bitmaps.link_target(&decrement);

   grayscale.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   darken.link_target(&save_bitmap);
   sepiatone.link_target(&save_bitmap);

   save_bitmap.link_target(&delete_bitmap);
   delete_bitmap.link_target(&decrement);

   // Traverse all files in the directory.
   wstring searchPattern = directory;
   searchPattern.append(L"\\*");

   WIN32_FIND_DATA fileFindData;
   HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFile(searchPattern.c_str(), &fileFindData);
   if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) 
      return;
   do
   {
      if (!(fileFindData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
      {
         wstring file = fileFindData.cFileName;

         // Process only JPEG files.
         if (file.rfind(L".jpg") == file.length() - 4)
         {
            // Form the full path to the file.
            wstring full_path(directory);
            full_path.append(L"\\");
            full_path.append(file);

            // Increment the count of work items.
            active.add_count();

            // Send the path name to the network.
            send(load_bitmap, full_path);
         }
      }
   }
   while (FindNextFile(hFind, &fileFindData) != 0); 
   FindClose(hFind);

   // Wait for all operations to finish.
   active.wait();
}

int wmain()
{
   GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
   ULONG_PTR           gdiplusToken;

   // Initialize GDI+.
   GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, nullptr);

   // Perform image processing.
   // TODO: Change this path if necessary.
   ProcessImages(L"C:\\Users\\Public\\Pictures\\Sample Pictures");

   // Shutdown GDI+.
   GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken);
}

下图演示示例输出。各个源图像均位于其对应的已修改图像的上方。

灯塔由 Tom Alphin 创作，因此将其转换为灰阶。菊花、沙漠、考拉和郁金香以红色为主色，因此删除蓝色和绿色组件并调暗。绣球、水母 和 企鹅 符合默认的条件，因此转换为棕褐色调。

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编译代码

将示例代码复制并将其粘贴在 Visual Studio 项目中，或将它粘贴到一个文件，名为图像的处理-network.cpp ，然后在 Visual Studio 命令提示符窗口中运行以下命令。

cl.exe /DUNICODE /EHsc image-processing-network.cpp /link gdiplus.lib

请参见

其他资源

并发运行时演练